STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS

Ref Calculations Output

DESIGN DATA
1.0 Design of 2000 x 2000 box culvert size
Drawings  Section dimensions:
numbers: o Inside dimensions:
 2000 x 2000 2m x 2m
 Number of cells range from 2 to 10 for 2000 x 2000 CV
o Thickness of members
 300 mm throughout i.e. for top slab, wall and floor/bottom slab t = 300
 Centre line dimensions are 2300 mm by 2300 mm mm
 Loads considered under BS 5400
o Point load
BS 5400: o Uniform distributed load
Part 2 o Weight of side walls
o Water pressure inside culvert
o Earth pressure
o Uniform lateral load on side walls
o Braking load/force
o Temperature effects
 BS 5400 part 2-superimposed load =18 kN/m2
 Live Load=30 kN/m2 UDL+ Knife edge load of 120 kN
= ((30 x 2.3 + 120)/2.3) kN/m2 = 82.17 kN/m2
 Earth pressure unit weight = 18 kN/m3
 Soil angle of repose = 30°
 Reinforced concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
Loading Condition case
 Case1- Live load + dead load+ earth pressure acting from outside without
water pressure from inside
Loading forces
Consider one channel due to symmetry:
 Self weight of top slab = 0.3 x 24000 = 7200 N/m2
 Live load and dead load = 18000 + 82170 = 100170 N/m2
 Total weight on top of slab = 7200 + 100170 = 107370 N/m2
 Weight of side wall = 2.3 x 0.3 x 24000 x 2 = 33120 N/m
 Upward soil reaction at base = (107370 x 2.3 + 33120)/2.3 = 121770 N/m2

Earth pressure
 Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka = ((1-sinø)/(1+sinø))
((1-sin30)/(1+sin30)) = 1/3
 Lateral pressure due to dead and live load = 100170 x 1/3
= 33390 N/m2
 Lateral pressure due to soil = Kaρh
= (1/3) x 1800h
  Total pressure at h = 33390 + 600h
 At h = 0, lateral pressure = 33390 N/m2
 At h = 2.3 m, lateral pressure = 33390 + 2.3 x 600 = 34770 N/m2

Typical load distribution

Use Moment Distribution Method
Determining fixed end moments
LOADING CASE 1-Live load+ Dead Load +Earth Pressure acting
from outside and no water pressure from inside
MFAB = - (wL2)/12 = -(107370 x 2.32)/12 = - 47332.3 Nm
MFEF = (wL2)/12 = (121770 x 2.32)/12 = 53680.3 Nm
MFAF = (wL2)/12 + WL/15
= (33390 x 2.32)/12 + ((1/2)(2.3)(34770 – 33390)(2.3))/15
= 14719.4 + 243.3
= 14962.7 Nm

MFFA = (wL2)/12 + WL/15

= -(33390 x 2.32)/12 - ((1/2)(2.3)(34770 – 33390)(2.3))/10
= -14719.4 – 365.0
= -15084.4 Nm

Moment distribution tables for cases 1

Case I: Live Load+ Dead Load+ Earth pressure without water pressure
Moment distribution

Join A B C D E F
t
memb AF AB BA B BC CB CD DC DE ED EB EF FE FA
er E
Distr 0.5 0.5 .33 .3 .33 .5 .5 .5 .5 .33 .33 .33 .5 .5
Factor 3
FEM 15 -47 47 0 -47 47 -15 15 -54 54 0 -54 54 -15
Bal M 16 16 0 0 0 -16 -16 19 19 0 0 0 -19 -19
COM -10 8 -8 10 -8 10 -10 8
Bal M 5 5 0 0 0 -5 -5 4 4 0 0 0 -4 4
COM -2 2 -2 2 -2 2 -2 2
Bal M 1 1 0 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 0 0 0 -1 -1
COM -.6 .5 -.5 .5 -.5 .6 -.6 .5
Bal M .3 .3 0 0 0 -.3 -.3 .3 .3 0 0 0 -.3 -.3
COM -.15 .15 -.15 .15 -.15 .15 -.15 .15
Bal M .1 .1 0 0 0 -.1 .1 -.1 .1 0 0 0 .1 .1
Fin M 26 -26 58 0 -58 25 -25 29 -29 66 0 -66 29 -29
Design Moments for 2000 x 2000 Box Culvert
Member Case BM at BM at ends kNm Direct
Centre Force kN
kNm
Top slab 1 28.94 25.67 58.21 38
2 30.00 21.99 60.11 21
3 2.35 0.07 4.76 7
Design 30.00 25.67 60.11 38
values
Reinforc T12 @ T12 @ 170 c/c Comment [k1]: Calculations follow
ement 250 c/c
required
Bottom 1 33.0 28.94 66.10 41
slab 2 34.1 24.98 67.89 32
3 1.92 3.75 12.45 20
Design 34.10 28.94 67.89 41
values
Reinforc T12 @ T12 @ 170 c/c
ement 250 c/c
required
Side slab 1 4.52 25.67 28.44 140
2 8.57 21.99 25.01 140
3 5.7 0.05 3.75 25
Design 8.57 25.67 28.44 140
values
Reinforc T12 @ T12 @ 250 c/c
ement 250 c/c
required
Mid 1 0 0 0 280
walls 2 0 0 0 280
3 0 0 0 280
Design 0 0 0 280
values
Reinforc T12 @ T12 @ 250 c/c
ement 250 c/c
required
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
fcu = 30 N/mm2, fy = 450 N/mm2, minimum cover = 40 mm as exposed to severe
exposure (severe rain, alternating wetting and drying).
(A) Top slab
(i) Midspan – M = 30 kNm
b = 1000 mm, d = 300 – 40 – 16/2 = 252 mm d = 252
k = (30 x 106)/(1000 x 2522 x 30) = 0.016 < 0.156 mm
Mu = 0.95 x fy x Z x As
Z = 252(0.5 + (√0.25 – 0.016/0.9) = 252 x 0.985 > 252 x 0.95
Use 252 x 0.95 = 239.4 mm
 As = (30 x 106)/(0.95 x 450 x 239.4) = 293 mm2 < As = 450 mm2
Provide T12 @ 250 c/c (As, provided = 452 mm2)

Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement = 0.25% x bd

= 0.25x 1000 x 252/100 = 630 mm2
Provide T12 @ 175 mm c/c (As, provided = 646 mm2)

(ii) At supports – M = 68 kNm

k = (68 x 106)/(1000 x 2522 x 30) = 0.0357
Z = 252(0.5 + (√0.25 – 0.0357/0.9) = 252 x 0.95 = 239.4 mm
As = (68 x 106)/(0.95 x 450 x 239.4) = 665 mm2
Provide T12 @ 170 c/c (As, provided = 670 mm2)

(B) Bottom slab

(i) Mid span – M = 34.11 kNm
k = (34.11 x 106)/(1000 x 2522 x 30) = 0.0179
Z = 252(0.5 + (√0.25 – 0.0179/0.9) = 252 x 0.95 = 239.4 mm
As = (34.11 x 106)/(0.95 x 450 x 239.4) = 333 mm2 < As min= 450 mm
Provide T12 @ 250 c/c (As, provided = 452 mm2)

(ii) At supports – M = 68 kNm

Provide T12 @ 170 c/c (As, provided = 670 mm2) see (A) (ii) above

(C) Sidewalls – Midspan moment = 8.57 kNm and support moment = 28.44 kNm
From (A) and (B) above, As min rules for moment less than 34 kNm.
Provide T12 @ 250 c/c (As, provided = 452 mm2)

PUNCHING SHEAR
BS 5400
Pt2 Clause
6.2.5

HA loading = V = 100 kN x γfc x γf3

Critical perimeter: D = 2 (c/2 + 1.5d)
Critical perimeter = π(2(c/2 + 1.5d))
= 2π(340/2 + 1.5 x 252)
= 3443 mm
Punching shear stress, v = V/(bd) = (100 x 1.5 x 1.1 x 103)/(3443 x 252)
= 0.19 N/mm2
BS 5400 Critical shear, vc = (0.27/γm)((100As)/(bd))1/3(fcu)1/3
pt4 table 8 = (0.27/1.25)((100 x 452)/(3443 x 252))1/3(30)1/3
equation = 0.25 > 0.19 OK
 Depth factor:
Table 9 Depth = 252 mm, ξs = 1.2
ξs x vc = 1.2 x 0.25 = 0.3 > 0.19 OK

Consider base where wheel load is spread over square area:

Critical perimeter = 4(s + 1.5 x 2d)
= 4(300 + 1.5 x 2 x 252)
= 4224 mm
Punching shear stress, v = V/(bd) = (100 x 1.5 x 1.1 x 103)/(4224 x 252)
= 0.16 N/mm2
Critical shear, vc = (0.27/γm)((100As)/(bd))1/3(fcu)1/3
= (0.27/1.25)((100 x 452)/(4224 x 252))1/3(30)1/3
= 0.24 N/mm2
ξs x vc = 1.2 x 0.24 = 0.29 > 0.16 OK