10/01/2017

Module 4A:
Hazard Identification & Risk Mitigation
Worksheet

Copyright © 2015 CAAS. No part of it may be used, circulated, quoted, or reproduced for distribution outside CAAS without prior written permission. Every care has been taken to ensure that the
information contained here is accurate. Nonetheless, CAAS does not warrant the currency, accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this document, nor does CAAS accept liability
for loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from reliance on the information contained in this presentation.

Intermediate Objectives

2.1 SRM Strategy

2.2 Purpose of HIRM Worksheet
2.3 HIRM Terminology & Definitions
2.4 Customize HIRM Tool & SOP
2.5 Create Master Hazards Register
2.6 Prioritize Hazards for risk mitigation
2.7 Activate risk mitigation for selected Hazards
2.8 Project Unsafe Event/ Ultimate Consequence
2.9 Evaluate Defenses & Risk Index
2.10 Check Defenses to Risk Index Correlation
2.11 SRM Report

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 2

1
 10/01/2017

2.1 Safety Risk Mitigation - Strategy

Know your operational SRM context within the aviation system -
Define H>US>C in C UE H Comp C UE H AIS
your own
operational
context - within C UE H Engine C UE H CNS
the aviation
system
C UE H Aircraft C UE H ATM

DMO H UE C C UE H ANSP

ATO H UE C H UE UC C UE H SAR-FF
OPS

AMO H UE C C UE H AGA
Airline
Line
C UE H C UE H Ground Control
Maint

Hangar
C UE H C UE H Ground services
Maint

C UE H
Engine
Maint
C UE H Fuel Suppliers Hangar
C UE H
Comp
Maint
C UE H
Cargo /
DG handling MRO
Engine
MRO
Component MRO

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 3

D efine H >US>C in
C UE H Comp C UE H AIS
your own
operational
context - within C UE H Engine C UE H CNS
the aviation
system
C UE H Aircraft C UE H ATM

DM O H UE C C UE H ANSP

ATO H UE C H UE UC C UE H SAR-FF
OPS

AM O H UE C C UE H AGA

Line
C UE H C UE H Ground Control
Maint

H angar
C UE H C UE H Ground services
Maint

Engine
C UE H C UE H Fuel Suppliers
Maint

Comp Cargo /
C UE H C UE H
Maint D G handling

>>> Define H>TE>C (sht 11A)

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 4

2
 10/01/2017

Airline

Hangar MRO

Engine MRO

Component MRO

>>> Define H>TE>C (sht 11A)

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 5

Three approaches to define your specific H>TE>UC threads

1. Hazard Approach -

UC-1
SRA Table - Hazard Approach Individual SRM Tasks
H TE UC Task # Thread
TE-1
UC-1 1 H-1 > TE-1 > UC-1
TE-1
UC-2 2 H-1 > TE-1 > UC-2
UC-2
H-1 Nil UC-3 3 H-1 > UC-3
UC-4 4 H-1 > TE-2 > UC-4
TE-2
UC-5 5 H-1 > TE-2 > UC-5
H-1 UC-3

UC-4

TE-2

UC-5
1. HAZARD (H) Approach

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 6

3
 10/01/2017

2. Top Event (UE) Approach -

2. TOP EVENT (TE) Approach

SRA Table - TE Approach Individual SRM Tasks

H-1 UC-1
H TE UC Task # Thread

H-1 UC-1 1 H-1 > TE-1 > UC-1

H-2 TE-1 UC-2
H-2 TE-1 UC-2 2 H-2 > TE-1 > UC-2

H-3 UC-3 H-3 UC-3 3 H-3 > TE-1 > UC-3

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 7

3. Consequence (Accident) Approach -

H-1

TE-1
SRA Table - UC Approach Individual SRM Tasks
UC TE H Task # Thread
H-2
H-1 1 H-1 > TE-1 > UC-1
TE-1
H-2 2 H-2 > TE-1 > UC-1
UC-1 UC-1
H-3 3 H-3 > TE-2 > UC-1
TE-2
H-4 4 H-4 > TE-2 > UC-1
H-3

TE-2

H-4

3. ACCIDENT (Ultimate Consequence) Approach

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 8

4
 10/01/2017

Risk Mitigation > ALARP

• Overall intent of a SRM exercise is to drive the risk index

(severity x likelihood) of a Hazard’s projected Consequence
to an acceptable or tolerable level (ALARP).
 A risk mitigation process is essentially achieved through the
modification or enhancement of existing defenses, or
incorporation of additional defenses.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 9

Three outcomes from a SRM exercise:

1. Hazard Elimination –

• Eliminate or remove the hazard altogether (and hence its potential

consequences).

• Possible only if the hazard can indeed be totally eliminated or

removed by conventional corrective actions such as repair,
replacement, rectification or disposal.

• Such hazards are usually temporary, transient or isolated in nature

and which do not necessitate resolution through a systematic SRM
protocol.

Example – Unclear/ damaged taxiway sign board. Replace/ repair sign

board (No SRM action required).

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 10

5
 10/01/2017

2. Risk Mitigation –

Mitigate against the Hazard’s Consequence by reducing its risk

index (likelihood/ severity) to an acceptable or tolerable level.
This is achieved through incorporation of new defenses or
enhancement of existing defenses. Applicable for hazards which
are of a permanent or recurring nature, and which cannot be
eliminated through conventional corrective actions alone.

Example - Regular bird migration across an aerodrome. Hazard

cannot be eliminated (require systematic SRM action).

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 11

Risk Mitigation Strategies

3. Avoidance – Avoid the Hazard (hence its Consequence)

altogether by suspending or cancelling the operational activity
or relevant portion of it. This is probably the result of a safety
risk index level which remains highly intolerable/ unacceptable
in spite of all possible (or economically viable) defenses being
considered.

Example – Cancel volcanic airspace operations when volcanic

activity is reported, because there are no viable alternate routes.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 12

6
 10/01/2017

Risk Mitigation Actions - Effectiveness

Each proposed defense or mitigation action should be examined from following
perspectives:

• Effectiveness - mitigating action can reduce the risk severity/ likelihood.

• Cost/benefit - perceived benefits of the mitigation outweigh the costs.
• Practicality - mitigation can be implemented and how viable it will be.
• Acceptability - mitigation is congruent with stakeholder expectations.
• Enforceability - compliance with new rules, regulations or operating procedures
can be monitored.
• Durability - mitigation will be sustainable and effective.
• Residual safety risks - Level of the resultant safety risk after mitigation and
which may necessitate further risk control measures subsequently.
 Unintended consequences - Probability of introducing unintended hazards as a
result of the new mitigating actions being put in place.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 13

2.2 Purpose of HIRM Worksheet

Facilitate the performance and documentation of a safety risk mitigation
project for a specific hazard

Table A Hazard Identification & Risk Mitigation (HIRM) Worksheet [Risk mitigation illustration] Oct 14
1. OPERATION/ PROCESS: Pest control within A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin.
2. HAZARD / THREAT [H/T]: Rat (s) infestation within an operational A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin Hazard Code: OPS-ALPHA-TECH-H1-L2-13
3. UNSAFE EVENT [UE]: Rat (s) infestation confirmed through rat sightings or evidence of aircraft wiring damage by roden activities.
4. ULTIMATE CONSEQUENCE [UC]: Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or malfunction (due to electrical wiring damage by rats).
Table B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Unsafe Event Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ultimate Consequence Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Hazard / Threat

Consequence
Unsafe Event

Existing Re sulta nt Existing Resultant

Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] New Preventive Controls [N-PC] Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] New Recovery Measures [N-RM]
Ultimate

RI & T RI & T RI & T RI & T

1. Emergency

1. Emergency

1. Emergency

1. Emergency
7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization
8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel
3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal
Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]
Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]
Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level
Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation
10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x
2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation
Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood
5. Special

5. Special

5. Special

5. Special
Approval

Approval

Approval

Approval
9. TRNG

9. TRNG

9. TRNG

9. TRNG
Approval

Approval

Approval

Approval
System

System

System

System
4. SOP

4. SOP

4. SOP

4. SOP
6. GM

6. GM

6. GM

6. GM
Inspn

Inspn

Inspn

Inspn

Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or

malfunction (due to electrical wiring

E-
operational A320 aircraft fuselage/

rat droppings within aircraft cabin.

Actual rat sightings or evidence of

EF>E- EC1>EF N- EF>N- EC>EF> E- EF>E- EC>EF> N- EF>N- EC>EF>

PC
Rat (s) infestation within an

PC1 >E-PC1 PC1 PC1 N-PC1 RM1 RM1 E-RM1 RM1 RM1 N-RM1
R3 - Moderate Risk

1
L3 - Moderate Risk

damage by rats).
R4 - Low Risk

R4 - Low Risk

EF>E- EC>EF- N- EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> N- EF>N- EC>EF>

PC2 F-PC2 PC2 PC2 N-PC2 RM2 E-RM2 RM2 RM2 N-RM2
cabin

3D 3B 4C 3B
EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF>
PC3 E-PC3 PC3 N-PC3 RM3 E-RM3 RM3 N-RM3

EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF>

PC4 E-PC4 PC4 N-PC4 RM4 E-RM4 RM4 N-RM4

Description of Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] Description of New Preventive Controls [N-PC] Description of Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] Description of New Recovery Measures [N-RM]

E-PC1: Flight, cabin and maintenance personnel are normally N-PC1: SOP to be put in place to require flight crew and E-RM1: Any operational aircraft reported with rat sighting is N-RM1: Special Inspection sheet (Ref SI/ A320/ 25/ 112) has been
expected to report any rat sightings within an aircraft. maintenance personnel to report rats sighting within aircraft normally subjected to a cabin inspection by maintenance raised to require any operational aircraft with reported sighting or
cabin. personnel during stayover check. evidence of rats infestation to be scheduled for de-infestation
action by approved Pest Controller upon aircraft return to main
base.
EF>E-PC1: No documented procedure/ instruction for such N-PC2: SOP to be put in place to require that all aircraft N-RM2: A routine "C" Check Maintenance Job Card has been raised
reporting expectation. fuselage doors to be closed or sealed during silent hours, to call for inspection of all opened aircraft internal fuselage
especially when undergoing hangar maintenance checks. compartments for evidence of rat droppings and necessary follow
up action. Ref: MJC-1C-53-45; SI/ A320/ 25/ 112.

EF>N-PC2: There may be occasions where fuselage doors

cannot be closed due to their being removed or dismantled
for maintenance.

EC>EF>N-PC2: For such cases, aircraft maintenance steps

leading to such doors shall be removed or backed-off from
the door by at least 3 feet, during silent hours.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 14

7
 10/01/2017

2.3 HIRM Terminologies & Definitions >>> (HIRM sht 2)

Sheet 2: Definitions 06 Feb15
1 Hazard Identification & Risk A structured procedure to identifiy hazards/ threats within a given operation, process or equipment and the evaluation of preventive
Mitigation (HIRM) controls (defences, barriers) to mitigate against the projected consequence (s) . This HIRM procedure/ process is also commonly known
as Safety Assessment.
2 Operation/ Process Description of Organization/ Operation/ Process/ Equipment wherein the Hazard is identified/ reported/ originated from.
3 Hazard (H) Undesirable condition or object which may cause or contribute to an Unsafe Event or Ultimate Consequence. A hazard must be
specifically described and validated before commencing SRM process. Only permanent or recurring hazards may warrant SRM process.
4 Threat (T) Threats are essentially hazards which are more imminent/ immediate/ visible (hence more threatening) to an operation; in comparison
to more latent or less apparent (generic) hazards. Known or anticipated Threats should be proactively mitigated for, possibly with higher
priority over more latent hazards.
5 Unsafe Event (UE) Most credible unsafe situation, not yet amounting to an Ultimate Consequence or Accident. Usually an intermediate event/ situation
before an Ultimate Consequence/ Accident. Identification of an Unsafe Event is applicable only where there is a need to distinguish and
establish mitigating actions upstream and downstream of such an intermediate event (before the Ultimate Consequence/ Accident). If
this intermediate UE state is not applicable for a particular operation, then it may be bypassed as appropriate.
6 Ultimate Consequence Ultimate event or accident; most credible ultimate outcome.
7 Preventive Control (PC) A mitigating action or defence to block or prevent a Hazard/ Threat from escalating into an Unsafe Event or Ultimate Consequence.
Exisitng PCs refer to current/ known/ established PCs which have been in place before the current HIRM exercise. New PCs refer to new/
additional/ modified PCs being recommended, proposed or which have been put in place as a result of the current HIRM exercise.

8 Recovery Measure (RM) A mitigating action, barrier or defence to block or prevent an Unsafe Event from escalating into an Ultimate Consequence or Accident.
Existing RMs refer to current/ known/ established RMs which have been in place before the current HIRM exercise. New RMs refer to
new/ additional/ modified RMs being recommended, proposed or which have been put in place as a result of the current HIRM exercise.

9 Barrier A generic term, referring to a PC or RM, or a set thereof.

10 Barrier Strength Value (BSV) The Value of a specific Barrier's (PC/ RM) quality or strength.
Consolidated Barrier The Consolidated (SUM) Value of a set (line) of Barrier's (PCs/ RMs) pertaining to a given UE/ UC.
Strength Value (CBSV)
11 Escalation Factor (EF) Possible latent or organizational condition/ factor which may weaken the effectiveness of a Preventive Control (or Recovery measure) .
Use where applicable only.
12 Escalation Control (EC) A mitigating action or defence to block or prevent an Escalation Factor from compromising or weakening a Preventive Control (or
Recovery Measure) . Use where applicable only.
13 Risk Index (RI) Risk Index refers to the combined Likelihood & Severity of an Unsafe Event or Ultimate Consequence, as projected (anticipated) from an
identified Hazard .
14 Existing Risk Index & Determination of Existing Risk Index and Tolerability shall take into consideration Existing PCs/ RMs only. If the Existing Risk Index's
Tolerability Tolerability is unacceptable, it is then apparent that evaluation of New (additional) PCs/ RMs would be necessary to reduce the Risk Index
to a new acceptable level. This may include modification or enhancement of existing PCs/ RMs.
15 Resultant Risk Index & Resultant Risk Index and Tolerability is based on the combined Existing PCs/ RMs together with the New PCs/ RMs put in place as a
Tolerability result of the completed risk management exercise.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 15

2.4 (a) Customize HIRM Worksheet (sht 4)

Table A Hazard Identification & Risk Mitigation (HIRM) Worksheet [Risk mitigation illustration] Oct 14
1. OPERATION/ PROCESS: Pest control within A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin.
2. HAZARD / THREAT [H/T]: Rat (s) infestation within an operational A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin Hazard Code: OPS-ALPHA-TECH-H1-L2-13
3. UNSAFE EVENT [UE]: Rat (s) infestation confirmed through rat sightings or evidence of aircraft wiring damage by roden activities.
4. ULTIMATE CONSEQUENCE [UC]: Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or malfunction (due to electrical wiring damage by rats).
Table B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Unsafe Event Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ultimate Consequence Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Hazard / Threat

Consequence
Unsafe Event

Existing Re sultant Ex isting Re sultant

Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] New Preventive Controls [N-PC] Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] New Recovery Measures [N-RM]
Ultimate

RI & T RI & T RI & T RI & T

1. Emergency

1. Emergency

1. Emergency

1. Emergency
7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization
8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel
3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal
Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]
Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]
Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level
Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation
10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x
2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation
Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood
5. Special

5. Special

5. Special

5. Special
9. TRNG

9. TRNG

9. TRNG

9. TRNG
Approval

Approval

Approval

Approval
System

Approval

System

Approval

System

Approval

System

Approval
4. SOP

4. SOP

4. SOP

4. SOP
6. GM

6. GM

6. GM

6. GM
Inspn

Inspn

Inspn

Inspn

malfunction (due to electrical wiring

Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or

E-
operational A320 aircraft fuselage/

rat droppings within aircraft cabin.

Actual rat sightings or evidence of

EF>E- EC1>EF N- EF>N- EC>EF> E- EF>E- EC>EF> N- EF>N- EC>EF>

PC
Rat (s) infestation within an

PC1 >E-PC1 PC1 PC1 N-PC1 RM1 RM1 E-RM1 RM1 RM1 N-RM1
1
R3 - Moderate Risk

L3 - Moderate Risk

damage by rats).
R4 - Low Risk

R4 - Low Risk

EF>E- EC>EF- N- EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> N- EF>N- EC>EF>

PC2 F-PC2 PC2 PC2 N-PC2 RM2 E-RM2 RM2 RM2 N-RM2
cabin

3D 3B 4C 3B
EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF>
PC3 E-PC3 PC3 N-PC3 RM3 E-RM3 RM3 N-RM3

EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF> EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF>

PC4 E-PC4 PC4 N-PC4 RM4 E-RM4 RM4 N-RM4

Description of Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] Description of New Preventive Controls [N-PC] Description of Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] Description of New Recovery Measures [N-RM]

E-PC1: Flight, cabin and maintenance personnel are normally N-PC1: SOP to be put in place to require flight crew and E-RM1: Any operational aircraft reported with rat sighting is N-RM1: Special Inspection sheet (Ref SI/ A320/ 25/ 112) has been
expected to report any rat sightings within an aircraft. maintenance personnel to report rats sighting within aircraft normally subjected to a cabin inspection by maintenance raised to require any operational aircraft with reported sighting or
cabin. personnel during stayover check. evidence of rats infestation to be scheduled for de-infestation
action by approved Pest Controller upon aircraft return to main
base.
EF>E-PC1: No documented procedure/ instruction for such N-PC2: SOP to be put in place to require that all aircraft N-RM2: A routine "C" Check Maintenance Job Card has been raised
reporting expectation. fuselage doors to be closed or sealed during silent hours, to call for inspection of all opened aircraft internal fuselage
especially when undergoing hangar maintenance checks. compartments for evidence of rat droppings and necessary follow
up action. Ref: MJC-1C-53-45; SI/ A320/ 25/ 112.

EF>N-PC1: There may be occasions where fuselage doors

cannot be closed due to their being removed or dismantled
for maintenance.

EC>EF>N-PC1: For such cases, aircraft maintenance steps

leading to such doors shall be removed or backed-off from
the door by at least 3 feet, during silent hours.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 16

8
 10/01/2017

2.4 (b) Customize SRM Procedure (sht 3)

Safety Risk Mitigation (SRM) Process - Schematic

1. Annotate required H, UE & UC information in Table A.

Where there is an Ultimate
Consequence (UC) in addition to an
Unsafe Event (UE), then the same
2. Repeat H, UE & UC information in Table B, columns 1, 30, 59 accordingly. process as described for Preventive
Controls (PC) is to be applied for
Recovery Measures (RM) in columns
31 to 59.
3. Identify and annotate Existing Preventive Controls (E-PC) in applicable columns provided (2 to
13). Recovery Measures will address
defenses between the Unsafe Event
and its Ultimate Consequence.

4. If there are any known Escalation Factors (EF), then an associated Escalation Control (EC) will be
required. If a EC is not already existing, then it should be addressed under New-Preventive Control,
later.

5-6. Based on the annotated Existing Preventive Controls (E-PCs), assess and annotate the Existing
Risk Index (Severity & Likelihood) & its Tolerability in columns 14-15.

7. If the Existing Risk Index & Tolerability is deemed unacceptable, then proceed to identify or
recommend New Preventive Controls (N-PC)or Escalation Factors (EF) in applicable columns
provided (16-25).
10-11. Upon final completion of SRM
Worksheet, proceed to fill out the
8-9. Assess the Resultant Risk Index & Tolerability (columns 28-29) based on the annotated SRM Report form and process the
Existing Preventive Controls plus the annotated New Preventive Controls, and associated ECs if any. completed SRM report (with the
If the Resultant Risk Index is still deemed unacceptable, then you may need to review and enhance completed SRM Worksheet) for
the Existing as well as New Preventive Controls in order to obtain a more tolerable Risk Index. management approval.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 17

2.5 Create Master Hazards Register (sht 11>>>)

Sheet 11 Hazard & Risk Management Database (Register) 22Sep16 <<<

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Hazard Registration SRM Project Registration*
Hazard [H] / Threat [T] Recommended Action SRM Project Assignment SRM Project Completion
Area/ Unsafe-Event [UE] Consequence [C]
Item

Operation/ Generic Hazard/ (Reported / (Reported / Corrective SRM SRM Priority Date Existing RI & Resultant RI & Next
Source of Specific Hazard/ Hazard Project Date
Equipment Threat Projected)* Projected)* Action* Action* Level* Dept / Sect Completed Tolerability Tolerability Review
Information* Threat* ID Code I/C Activated
(Original Report) [Yes/ No] [Yes / No] (H, M, L) / Rpt Ref (UE/UC) (UE/UC) Date
A320 aircraft Cabin crew reported one Inflight [H] - Rats OPS- Nil Projected - Aircraft No Yes Medium A320 ABC
operation. large rat sighted in incident infestation of ALPHA- wiring/ equipment Operations
Example

aircraft rear galley area notification A320 aircraft H1-M- damage by rats.
during cruise. report ref: 013
A320/ OPS/
012/ 2005.
1
2
3

Hazard ID Code:
Sector (1) - Organization (2) - Hazard No (3) - Priority Level (4) - Year (5)
1 Sector: AGA / ANS / OPS / DMO / AMO / MDO* (*MDO - Materials Distribution Organizations, including fuel distribution)
2 Organization: Five letters code (eg ALPHA - Alpha Airline)
3 Hazard No: Hazard number (eg H001) as assigned by the organization concerned within a given Year.
4 Priority Level: Hazard prioritization Level [High (Accident), Medium (Serious Incident), Low (Incident)].
5 Year: Year when the Hazard was registered in the organization's Hazard Register.
Hazard ID Code Illustration:
a) OPS-ALPHA-H001-M-013 [Air Operations - Alpha Airline - Hazard #1 - Moderate Priority - Year 2013]
b) AGA-GATB-H005-L-012 [Aerodrome - Timbaktu Airport - Hazard #5 - Low Priority - Year 2012]

*Explanatory Notes:
1 Source of Information: Hazard information as may be extracted from - Voluntary Hazard Rpt, Occurrence Notification/ Investigation Rpt, Internal Audit Rpt, External Audit Rpt, Hazard Survey Rpt, Operational Data Review Rpt
2 Specific Hazard/ Threat: If more than one Hazard/ Threat identified, register such additional Hazard/ Threat under new row/ item
3 Reported/ Projected (UE/ C): Annotate UE/ C description as a "Reported" occurrence or a "Projected" occurrence. If multiple H>UE>C combinations involved, register each combination under a new Row (Each single H>UE>C
combination will constitute one potential SRM Task)
4 Corrective Action: If the Hazard can be effectively eliminated through conventional corrective action (eg disposal, repair, replacement, modification), annotate YES with the action taken/ recommended. Otherwise annotate NO.

5 SRM Action: Annotate YES to indicate systematic SRM action is recommended (or has been taken already). Annotate NO if systematic SRM action is not recommended (or not necessary).
6 Priority Level: SRM or Corrective Action Priority Level based on (Annex 13) occurrence category of the projected (or reported) Unsafe Event or Consequence. Accident - High; Serious Incident - Medium; Incident - Low.

7 SRM Project Registration: This column for registration of assigned (new) SRM project, or a previously completed SRM project (with respect to the specific H>UE>C thread).

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 18

9
 10/01/2017

Register & Validate the Hazard

Hazard Registration SRM Project Registration*
Hazard [H] / Threat [T] Recommended Action SRM Project Assignment SRM Project Completion
Area/ Unsafe-Event [UE] Consequence [C]

Item
Operation/ Generic Hazard/ (Repo rted / (Repo rted / Corrective SRM SRM Priority Date Existing RI & Resultant RI & Next
Source of Specific Hazard/ Hazard Project Date
Equipment Threat Projected)* Projected)* Action* Action* Level* Dept / Sect Completed Tolerability Tolerability Review
Information* Threat* ID Code I/C Activated
/ Rpt Ref (UE/UC) (UE/UC) Date
(Original Report) [Yes/ No] [Yes / No] (H, M, L)
A320 aircraft Cabin crew reported one Inflight [H] - Rats OPS- Nil Projected - Aircraft No Yes Medium A320 ABC
operation. large rat sighted in incident infestation of ALPHA- wiring/ equipment Operations

Example
aircraft rear galley area notification A320 aircraft H1-M- damage by rats.
during cruise. report ref: 013
A320/ OPS/
012/ 2005.
1
2
3

Hazard Registration
Hazard [H] / Threat [T] Recommended Action
Area/ Unsafe-Event [UE] Consequence [C]
Item

Operation/ Generic Hazard/ (Reported / (Reported / Corrective SRM SRM Priority

Source of Specific Hazard/ Hazard
Equipment Threat Projected)* Projected)* Action* Action* Level*
Information* Threat* ID Code
(Original Report) [Yes/ No] [Yes / No] (H, M, L)
A320 aircraft Cabin crew reported one Inflight [H] - Rats OPS- Nil Projected - Aircraft No Yes Medium
operation. large rat sighted in incident infestation of ALPHA- wiring/ equipment
Example

aircraft rear galley area notification A320 aircraft H1-M- damage by rats.
during cruise. report ref: 013
A320/ OPS/
012/ 2005.
1
2
3

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 19

2.6 Prioritize Hazard for Risk Mitigation (sht 12)

Hazard Registration
Hazard [H] / Threat [T] Recommended Action
Area/ Unsafe-Event [UE] Consequence [C]
Item

Operation/ Generic Hazard/ (Reported / (Reported / Corrective SRM SRM Priority

Source of Specific Hazard/ Hazard
Equipment Threat Projected)* Projected)* Action* Action* Level*
Information* Threat* ID Code
(Original Report) [Yes/ No] [Yes / No] (H, M, L)
A320 aircraft Cabin crew reported one Inflight [H] - Rats OPS- Nil Projected - Aircraft No Yes Medium
operation. large rat sighted in incident infestation of ALPHA- wiring/ equipment
Example

aircraft rear galley area notification A320 aircraft H1-M- damage by rats.
during cruise. report ref: 013
A320/ OPS/
012/ 2005.
1
2
3

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 20

10
 10/01/2017

Hazard Prioritization Procedure (Illustration)

Criteria Prioritization in relation to the occurrence category (severity) of the
Hazard’s credible Consequence.

Methodology a) Project the Hazard’s worst credible Consequence

b) Project this Consequence’s likely occurrence classification ie it will be
deemed to be an accident, serious incident or incident (per Annex 13
definition)

c) The Hazard’s prioritization is thus:

Occurrence category of credible Consequence Hazard Priority
Accident High
Serious Incident Medium
Incident Low

Remarks This Option takes into consideration the severity of the Hazard’s projected
Consequence only.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 21

2.7 Activate Risk Mitigation Process (sht 12)

Sheet 11 Hazard Identification & Risk Management Register (Database) 14/7/2016 <<<
Hazard Registration
Hazard Validation & Recommended Safety Risk Mitigation Action
Hazard (Threat/ Deficiency/ Unsafe-condition/ Object)
Area/ Credible Unsafe-Event/ Action SRM Project Team/ SAG Risk Mitigation Project Completion
Item

Operation/ Generic Hazard Consequence* Corrective Priority Date Existing Risk Resultant Next
Source of Specific Hazard Hazard SRM Action* Date
Equipment Description [tentative] Action* Level Dept Name
Activated
Completed Index & Risk Index & Review
Information* Decription ID Code [Yes / No] / Rpt Ref Level Level Date
(Original Report) [Yes/ No] (H, M, L)
A320 aircraft Cabin crew reported one Inflight incident Rat (s) infestation of OPS- a) Aircraft wiring/ No Yes Medium A320 ABC
operation. large rat sighted in aircraft notification A320 aircraft ALPHA- equipment damage by rat Operations
Example Only

rear galley area during report ref: H1-L2- (s)

cruise. A320/ OPS/ 013
012/ 2005. b) Aircraft cabin / galley/ No Yes Low Cabin Crew / XYZ
food contamination by Inflight
rat droppings/ urine Catering
1
2
3

Hazard ID Code:
Sector (1) - Organization (2) - Hazard No (3) - Priority Level (4) - Year (5)
1) Sector: AGA / ANS / OPS / DMO / AMO / MDO* (*MDO - Materials Distribution Organizations, including fuel distribution)

Safety Risk Mitigation Action

2) Organization: Five letters code (eg ALPHA - Alpha Airline)
3) Hazard No: Hazard number (eg H001) as assigned by the organization concerned within a given Year.
4) Priority Level: Hazard prioritization Level [High (Accident), Medium (Serious Incident), Low (Incident)] based on occurrence category (A13) of the hazard's projected Unsafe Event/ Consequence.
5) Year: Year when the Hazard was registered in the organization's Hazard Register.

i)
ii)
Example of Hazard ID Code:
SRM Project Team/ SAG
OPS-ALPHA-H001-M-013 [Air Operations - Alpha Airline - Hazard #1 - Moderate Priority - Year 2013]
AGA-GATB-H005-L3-012 [Aerodrome - Timbaktu Airport - Hazard #5 - Low Priority - Year 2012]
Risk Mitigation Project Completion
*Explanatory Notes:
a)
Date
Source of Information: Hazard information as may be extracted from - Voluntary Hazard Rpt, Occurrence Notification/ Investigation Rpt, Internal Audit Rpt, External Audit Rpt, Hazard Survey Rpt, Operational Data Review Rpt
Next
b)
c)
Credible Unsafe Event / Consequence: Tentative projection to facilitate hazard prioritization when assigning for SRM action only (refer Priority Level column)
Date Existing Risk Resultant Risk
Corrective Action: If the Hazard can be effectively eliminated through conventional corrective action (eg disposal, repair, replacement, modification), annotate YES with the recommended corrective action. Otherwise annotate NO.
d)
e) Dept Name Completed
SRM Action: Annotate YES to indicate systematic SRM action is recommended (essentially permanent/ recurring hazards). Annotate NO if systematic SRM action is not recommended (essentially temporary/ transient hazards).
Priority Level: SRM action Priority Level based on (Annex 13) occurrence category of the projected Unsafe Event or Consequence > Accident - High; Serious Incident - Moderate; Incident - Low Review
Activated Index & Level Index & Level
/ Rpt Ref Date
A320 ABC
Operations

Cabin Crew / XYZ

Inflight
Catering

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 22

11
 10/01/2017

2.8 Project Unsafe Event/ Ultimate Consequence (sht 13)

Table A Hazard Identification & Risk Mitigation (HIRM) Worksheet [Risk mitigation illustration] 27 Mar 14
1. OPERATION/ PROCESS: Pest control within A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin.
2. HAZARD / THREAT [H/T]: Rat (s) infestation within an operational A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin Hazard Code: OPS-ALPHA-TECH-H1-L2-13
3. UNSAFE EVENT [UE]: Rat (s) infestation confirmed through rat sightings or evidence of aircraft wiring damage by roden activities.
4. ULTIMATE CONSEQUENCE [UC]: Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or malfunction (due to electrical wiring damage by rats).
Table B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Unsafe Event Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ultimate Consequence Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Hazard / Th reat

Existing Existing

Unsafe Event

Consequence
Resultant Resultant
Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] RI & T
New Preventive Controls [N-PC] RI & T
Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] New Recovery Measures [N-RM]

Ultim ate
RI & T RI & T

7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization

7. Organization
8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel

8. Personnel
3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal
Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]

Control [EC]
Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]
Em ergency

Em ergency

Em ergency

Em ergency
10. O thers

10. O thers

10. O thers

10. O thers
Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level

Risk Level
Severity x

Severity x

Severity x

Severity x
Procedure

Escalation

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Escalation

Procedure

Procedure

Escalation

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Escalation
2. Backup

2. Backup

2. Backup

2. Backup
5. Special

5. Special

5. Special

5. Special
Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood

Likelihood
9. T RNG

9. T RNG

9. T RNG

9. T RNG
Approval

Approval

Approval

Approval
Approval

Approval

Approval

Approval
System

System

System

System
4. SO P

4. SO P

4. SO P

4. SO P
6. G M

6. G M

6. G M

6. G M
Inspn

Inspn

Inspn

Inspn
1.

1.

1.

1.
Rat (s ) infestation confirm ed through rat
EF (to EF (to
Rat (s) infestation within an operational

s ightings or evidence of rat droppings.

E- EF>E- EC1>EF N- EF>N- EC>EF> E- EC1 (to N- EC1 (to

Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or

m alfunction (due to electrical wiring
E- N-
PC1 PC1 >E-PC1 PC1 PC1 N-PC1 RM1 EF) RM1 EF)
A32 0 aircraft fuselage/ cabin

RM1) RM5)

R3 - Moderate Risk

L3 - M oderate Risk
EF1 EF1 (to
EF>E- EC>EF-F- N- EF>N- EC>EF> EC (to N- EC (to

damage by rats).
R4 - Low Risk

R4 - Low Risk
(to E- N-
PC2 PC2 PC2 PC6 N-PC6 EF1) RM2 EF1)
RM2) RM6)
EF>E- EC>EF>
3D EF>N- EC>EF>
3B EF2
EC (to
4C 3B
(to E-
PC3 E-PC3 PC7 N-PC7 EF2)
RM3)
EF (to
EF>E- EC>EF> EC (to
E-
PC4 E-PC4 EF)
RM4)

Table
A
Hazard Identification & Risk Mitigation (HIRM) Worksheet [Risk mitigation illustration] 27 Mar 14
1. OPERATION/ PROCESS: Pest control within A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin.
Rat (s) infestation within an operational A320
2. HAZARD / THREAT [H/T]: Hazard Code: OPS-ALPHA-TECH-H1-L2-13
aircraft fuselage/ cabin
Rat (s) infestation confirmed through rat sightings or evidence of aircraft wiring damage by
3. UNSAFE EVENT [UE]:
roden activities.
4. ULTIMATE CONSEQUENCE
[UC]: Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or malfunction (due to electrical wiring damage by rats).

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 23

2.9 Evaluate Preventive Controls & Risk Index [H>UE]

Table B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Unsafe Event Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Hazard / Threat

Unsafe Event

Existing Resultant
Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] RI & T
New Preventive Controls [N-PC] RI & T
7. Organization

7. Organization
8. Personnel

8. Personnel
Control [EC]

Control [EC]
3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal
Emergency

Emergency
Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]
10. Others

10. Others
Procedure

Escalation

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation

Escalation
Severity x

Severity x
2. Backup

2. Backup
Likelihood

Likelihood
Risk Level

Risk Level
9. TRNG

9. TRNG
5. Special

5. Special
Approval

Approval
System

System
Approval

Approval
4. SOP

4. SOP
6. GM

6. GM
Inspn

Inspn
1.

1.

Rat (s) infestation confirmed through rat

Rat (s) infestation within an operational

sightings or evidence of rat droppings.

E- EF>E- EC1>EF N- EF>N- EC>EF>

PC1 PC1 >E-PC1 PC1 PC1 N-PC1
A320 aircraft fuselage/ cabin

R3 - Moderate Risk

EF>E- EC>EF-F- EF>N- EC>EF>

R4 - LowRisk

N-
PC2 PC2 PC2 PC6 N-PC6
3D 3B
EF>E- EC>EF> EF>N- EC>EF>
PC3 E-PC3 PC7 N-PC7

EF>E- EC>EF>
PC4 E-PC4

Description of Existing Preventive Controls [E-PC] Description of New Preventive Controls [N-PC]

E-PC1: Flight, cabin and maintenance personnel are expected to N-PC1: SOP to be put in place to require that all aircraft
report any rat sightings within an aircraft. fuselage doors to be closed or sealed during silent hours,
especially when undergoing hangar maintenance checks.

EF>N-PC1: There may be occasions where fuselage doors

cannot be closed due to their being removed or dismantled for
maintenance.

EC>EF>N-PC1: For such cases, aircraft maintenance steps

leading to such doors shall be removed or backed-off from the
door by at least 3 feet, during silent hours.

N-PC2: SOP to be put in place to require that cabin crew

stationed at galley door during catering truck food delivery
service, do keep a lookout to prevent any rat migration from
catering truck into aircraft cabin.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 24

12
 10/01/2017

Assess Severity Value of Risk Index

Assess severity value of an Unsafe Event (or Consequence)
in relation to the Severity Descriptions within the Severity
Table (Sht 5)
Sheet 5: Severity Table (Basic) <<< 11-Nov-13
Severity Description (customise according to nature of
Level Descriptor
organization’s operations)
1 Insignificant No significance to aircraft related operational safety.
Degrade or affect normal aircraft operational procedures or
2 Minor
performance.
Partial loss of significant/ major aircraft systems or result in
3 Moderate
abnormal F/Ops procedure application.
Complete failure of significant/ major aircraft systems or result in
4 Major
emergency F/Ops procedure application.
5 Catastrophic Loss of aircraft or multiple lives.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 25

Assess Likelihood Value of Risk Index

Sheet 6: Likelihood Table 07-Jan-14

Level Descriptor Likelihood Description
E Certain/ frequent Is expected to occur in most circumstances.
D Likely/ occasional Will probably occur at some time.
C Possible/ remote Might occur at some time.
B Unlikely/ improbable Could occur at some time.
A Exceptional/ impossible May occur only in exceptional circumstances.

Note: The Likelihood (Level) of a given UE/ UC is to be derived from the "Consolidated
Barrier Strength Value (CBSV)" of its line of PCs/ RMs. Refer to Sheet 6A of the Excel
HIRM Worksheet.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 26

13
 10/01/2017

Assess Likelihood Value of Risk Index

Step 1 - Assess Consolidated Barrier Strength Value (CBSV) of
Unsafe Event (or Consequence) - Sht 6A

Step 2 - Derive Likelihood value of Unsafe Event (or Consequence)

based on the CBSV obtained – Sht 6A

Details in HIRM Wsht Sht 6A >>>

Table 1 - Barrier Strength Value (BSV)

Barrier Strength Barrier Strength Description Barrier Strength
Poor Weak, superficial or insignificant Barrier 1
Fair Barely viable or adequate Barrier 2
Satisfactory Reasonable or acceptable Barrier 3
Table 2 - Consolidated Barrier Strength Value Assessment
Good Effective, recognised and established Barrier
Barrier Sequence Assessed BSV
4
Excellent Best or most robust Standard/ Regulation/
1 Practice
2 5
2 4 *Note to Consolidated BSV:
3 3 1. BSV summation of the actual number of barriers OR
Table 3 - Optimum Number of Barriers optimum number of barriers, whichever is the lesser.
4 3
Severity Value of Optimum Number of Applicable CBSV-
UE/ C Severity Descriptor Barriers Optimum CBSV* 5 Table
Likelihood 2 2. Where actual number of barriers exceed the optimum
1 Insignificant 2 10 6 4A
Table 1 number of barriers, select the barriers with the highest
2 Minor 3 15 Table 4B
7 BSVs.
3 Moderate 4 20 Table 4C
4 Major 6 30 8 4D
Table
5 Catastrophic 8 40 Table 4D 15 <<< Consolidated BSV*

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 27

Evaluate Recovery Measures & Risk Index [UE>UC]

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ultimate Consequence Mitigation (as applicable) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Consequence

Existing
Unsafe Event

Resultant
Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] New Recovery Measures [N-RM]
Ultimate

RI & T RI & T
1. Emergency

1. Emergency
7. Organization

7. Organization
8. Personnel

8. Personnel
3. Abnormal

3. Abnormal
Control [EC]

Control [EC]
Factor [EF]

Factor [EF]
Risk Level

Risk Level
Procedure

Escalation

Procedure

Escalation
10. Others

Severity x

10. Others

Severity x
2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation

2. Backup

Procedure

Escalation
Likelihood

Likelihood
5. Special

5. Special
9. TRNG

9. TRNG
Approval

Approval
System

System
Approval

Approval
4. SOP

4. SOP
6. GM

6. GM
Inspn

Inspn

EF (to EF (to
Rat (s) infestation confirmed through

malfunction (due to electrical wiring

Multiple aircraft system(s) failure or

E- EC1 N- EC1 (to

E- N-
rat sightings or evidence of rat

RM1 (to EF) RM1 EF)

RM1) RM5)
L3 - Moderate Risk

EF1 EF1
damage by rats).

EC (to N- EC (to
R4 - Low Risk

(to E- (to N-
EF1) RM2 EF1)
RM2) RM6)
EF2 4C 3B
EC (to
(to E-
EF2)
RM3)
EF (to
EC (to
E-
EF)
RM4)

Description of Existing Recovery Measures [E-RM] Description of New Recovery Measures [N-RM]

E-RM1: Any operational aircraft reported with rat sighting N-RM1: Special Inspection sheet (Ref SI/ A320/ 25/ 112) has
is subject to a cabin inspection by maintenance personnel been raised to require any operational aircraft with reported
during stayover check. sighting or evidence of rats infestation to be scheduled for de-
infestation action by approved Pest Controller upon aircraft
return to main base.

N-RM2: A routine "C" Check Maintenance Job Card has been

Same process to evaluate raised to call for inspection of all exposed aircraft internal
fuselage compartments for evidence of rat droppings and
Recovery Measures & Risk necessary follow up action.
Index as H>UE
Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 28

14
 10/01/2017

2.10 Check Scope of Defenses to RI Correlation (sht 9)

Sheet 9: Defences (PC/ RM) to Risk Index Correlation Guide ######
Risk Index Description Consideration of PC/ RM Categories to Risk Levels (where applicable) Possible PC/ RM Control Level
7.
3. 5. Special/ 6. 8. Global
Risk 2. Backup Organizati 10. Others Service
Severity Likelihood Risk Level 1. ERP Abnormal 4. SOP Duplicate Guidance Personnel 9. TRNG (industry NAA
Index # System on (specify) Provider
Procedure Inspn Material Approval organization)
Approval
Catastrophic (5) Certain / Frequent (E) 5E R1 -
Catastrophic (5) Likely / Occasional (D) 5D Extreme Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Major (4) Certain/ Frequent (E) 4E Risk
Catastrophic (5) Possible / Remote (C) 5C
R2 -
Major (4) Likely / Occasional (D) 4D Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
High Risk
Moderate (3) Certain / Frequent (E) 3E
Catastrophic (5) Unlikely / Improbable (B) 5B
Catastrophic (5) Exceptional / Impossible (A) 5A
Major (4) Possible/ Remote (C) 4C

O ptional

O ptional

O ptional

O ptional

O ptional
Major (4) Unlikely / Improbable (B) 4B R3 -
Moderate (3) Likely / Occasional (D) 3D Moderate Yes Yes Yes _ Yes Yes Yes
Moderate (3) Possible/ Remote (C) 3C Risk
Minor (2) Certain / Frequent (E) 2E
Minor (2) Likely / Occasional (D) 2D
Insignificant (1) Certain / Frequent (E) 1E
Major (4) Exceptional / Impossible (A) 4A
Moderate (3) Unlikely / Improbable (B) 3B

Optional

Optional

Optional

Optional

Optional

Optional

Optional
Moderate (3) Exceptional / Impossible (A) 3A
R4 -
Minor (2) Possible/ Remote (C) 2C _ _ _ _ _
Low Risk
Minor (2) Unlikely / Improbable (B) 2B
Insignificant (1) Likely / Occasional (D) 1D
Insignificant (1) Possible/ Remote (C) 1C

Optional

Optional

Optional

Optional
Minor (2) Exceptional / Impossible (A) 2A R5 -
Insignificant (1) Unlikely / Improbable (B) 1B Negligible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Insignificant (1) Exceptional / Impossible (A) 1A Risk
Note: This Table is an illustration/ guide to the likely scope of PC/ RM categories which might be expected to be considered (where applicable) in relation to
the indicated Risk Index and levels. In principle, a wider scope of defenses can be expected for higher risk levels.

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 29

2.11 SRM Project Report (sht 10)

SAFETY RISK MITIGATION REPORT

Organization Name SRM Report No:

Operation / Process /
Date:
Area

Specific Hazard Department:

Description Section:
Hazard ID Code** Reserved
Project start date: Project completion date: Next Review date:
*Existing Risk Index & Level*: *Resultant Risk Index & Level:
Documents Attached (as indicated below):

Item Document Yes/ No

1 Schematic output of the completed SRM project (eg completed HIRM Wsht or BTXP Diagram)

2 Summary of modified/ new defenses and required actions.

3 Other attachments (documents, drawings, references, standards, exceptions, etc.), if any

SRM Project Team Leader:

Sign-Date Name Designation

SRM Project Team Members:

Reviewed by SMS/ Safety/ Quality Manager:

_________________ ________________________________ ____________________________

Sign-Date Name Designation
Approved by (Department Head, etc):

Date Name/ Designation Signature

Note: Upon approval, forward Copy to SMS Office for HRM Master Register update/ closure

**Refer HIRM Wsht, Tab #11 – Hazard & Risk Management Register. *Refer HIRM Wsht Tab #8 – Risk Levels

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 30

15
 10/01/2017

Excel HIRM Worksheet

This is the Excel HIRM Worksheet >>>

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 31

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 1

Purpose of the HIRM Worksheet illustrated in this Section is:

a) to facilitate the performance and documentation of a safety risk

mitigation process for specific individual hazards
b) to facilitate the performance and documentation of a safety risk
mitigation process involving multiple hazards and consequences
simultaneously
c) Assist organizations in the development of their SRM procedures and
documentation requirements
d) (a) and (c) are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 32

16
 10/01/2017

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 2

Based on the HIRM definitions addressed in this Section, the term

“Unsafe Event” can mean:

a) Most credible unsafe situation, as projected from a given Hazard

b) Most credible unsafe situation, not yet amounting to an Ultimate
Consequence
c) An intermediate Event/ Situation before an accident
d) All above are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 33

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 3

Based on the HIRM definitions addressed in this Section, the term

“Escalation Control” would mean a mitigating action or defense to
block or prevent :

a) an Escalation Factor from compromising or weakening a Preventive

Control
b) a Preventive Control from compromising or weakening an Escalation
Factor
c) an Escalation Factor from compromising or weakening a Recovery
Measure
d) both (a) and (c) are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 34

17
 10/01/2017

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 4

Based on the HIRM Worksheet addressed in this Section, the 10

categories of defenses shown in the Worksheet are meant to be
absolutely comprehensive and applicable to all operational context
and organizations:

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 35

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 5

Based on the SRM Procedure addressed in this Section, the

“Resultant Risk Index” of an Ultimate Consequence should be
based on:

a) the combined Existing Preventive Controls plus New Preventive

Controls which have been put in place
b) the combined Existing Recovery Measures plus New Recovery
Measures which have been put in place
c) the combined Existing Escalation Factors which have been put in place
d) the combined New Escalation Factors which have been put in place

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 36

18
 10/01/2017

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 5

Based on the SRM Procedure addressed in this Section, the

Likelihood value of an Unsafe Event/ Consequence may be more
objectively derived by correlating the consolidated barrier strength
value of the unsafe event/ consequence with the Likelihood table:

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 37

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 6

The purpose of a Master Hazards Register is:

a) to collate all valid hazards within an organization as well as to

account for their subsequent SRM actions
b) to serve as an accident and serious incident reports Register and to
account for their subsequent investigation actions
c) to serve as a voluntary Error and Violation reports Register and to
account for their subsequent enforcement/ disciplinary actions
d) All above are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 38

19
 10/01/2017

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 8

The “Defenses to Risk Index Correlation” matrix shown in this

Section is meant to illustrate the rationale that :

a) Unsafe Events or Ultimate Consequences with high risk index levels

should warrant a more comprehensive scope of defenses to be put in
place
b) Preventive Controls or Recovery Measures with high risk index levels
should warrant a more comprehensive scope of defenses to be put in
place
c) Escalation Factors or Escalation Controls with high risk index levels
should warrant a more comprehensive scope of defenses to be put in
place
d) All above are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 39

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 9

Based on the HIRM Worksheet illustrated in this section, the code

annotated as “EF>N-PC1” in a Preventive Control cell would have the
following meaning:

a) This is the Escalation Factor to the New-Preventive Control No 1

b) This is the Escalation Control to the New-Preventive Control No 1
c) This is the Escalation Factor to the New-Recovery Measure No 1
d) This is the Escalation Control to the New-Recovery Measure No 1

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 40

20
 10/01/2017

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 10

Based on the HIRM Worksheet illustrated in this section, the code

annotated as “EC>EF1>E-RM2” in a Preventive Control cell would
have the following meaning:

a) This is the Escalation Factor to Escalation Control No 1 affecting

Recovery-Measure No 2
b) This is the Escalation Control to Escalation Factor No 1 affecting
Existing-Recovery Measure No 2
c) This is the Escalation Control to Existing-Recovery Measure No 2
affecting Escalation Factor No 1
d) This is the Escalation Control to Escalation Factor No 1 affecting New-
Recovery Measure No 2

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 41

HIRM Worksheet – Quiz 11

Purpose of raising a Safety Risk Mitigation (SRM) Report upon

completion of a SRM project is:

a) To allow management approval of the completed SRM project to be

documented
b) To provide documentary proof that a systematic safety risk mitigation
process had been conducted with respect to the specified hazard
c) To serve as evidence of the organization’s on-going SRM activities
d) All above are correct

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 42

21
 10/01/2017

Congratulations!
for completing this Section 2 on HIRM Worksheet.
You are now able to:
 Understand and apply HIRM Terminology & Definitions
 Customize HIRM Tool & SOP
 Create Master Hazards Register
 Prioritize Hazards for risk mitigation
 Activate risk mitigation for selected Hazards
 Project Unsafe Event/ Ultimate Consequence
 Evaluate Defenses, Risk Index & Tolerability
 Check Defenses to Risk Index Correlation
 Raise a SRM Project Report

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 43

Other SRM Tools – eg BTXP

Further information on BTXP SRM software tool in HIRM sht 14.

>>> BTXP 5 mins >>> BTXP Master

Copyright © 2015 Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. All rights reserved. 44

22