ART MODULE

GRADE 9
OHSP/EASE
(Quarter 4)

MODULE 2

Name: _________________________ Grade and Section: __________________

Prepared by:

Bituin S. Paculan
OHSP MAPEH Teacher

Noted by:

Mr. Ortez D. Gabol Maylyn G. Samidan

MAPEH Head Teacher VI Filipino Head Teacher III
OHSP Head Coordinator
Grade Level Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts
from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-
development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s
world vision.

History of the Theatrical Forms and their Evolution

Theater begun from myth, ritual and ceremony. Early society perceived connections
between actions performed by groups of people or leaders to a certain society and these actions
moved from habit, to tradition, to ritual, to ceremony due to human desire and need for
entertainment. The repeated rehearsals, performances, and creation of different actions broke the
ground for theater.
Theater means “place of seeing”, but it is more than the buildings where performance
takes place. To produce theater, a playwright write the scripts, the director rehearses the
performers, the designer and technical crew produce crops to create the scenes, and actors and
actresses perform on stage. Then it will only be a true theater act when an audience witness it.
Ancient Greek Theater (700 B.C. – 410 C.E.)
A. Greek Theater
- European theater begun in Ancient Greece around 700
B.C. with festivals honouring their many gods such as
Dionysus – the god of wine and fertility. This religious
festival was called, “The Cult of Dionysus”. The city
state of Athens was the center of a significant cultural, political, and military power
during this period and where the festivals and competitions were usually performed.
The 3 well-known Greek tragedy playwrights were Sophocles, Euripides, and
Aeschylus. The theater of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama:
*Tragedy play – is a compound of two Greek words, “tragos” meaning “goat”, and
“ώōṅ” (ode) meaning ”song” referring to goats sacrificed to Dionysus before
performances, or to goat-skins won by the performers. Tragedy play in Greece was the
most admired type of play. It deals with tragic events and have an unhappy ending,
especially one cornering the downfall of the main character. Thespis was the first actor
and introduced the used of masks and was called the “Father of tragedy”.
*Comedy plays – were derived from imitation. There were no traces of their origin.
Aristophanes wrote most of the comedy plays. Out of 11 plays Lysistrata survived, a
humorous tale about a strong woman who led a female coalition to end war in Greece;
Cyclops, an adventure comedy play written by Euripides.
Basic Elements of Elements of Tools of an
Musical Play/Theater Artistic Expression Actor/Actress
Music Line Body
Character Space Voice
Theme Color Emotion
Plot Sound
Dialogue Shape
Texture
Rhythm
Movement
Ancient Theater Terms
- Theater buildings were called a theatron.
- Theaters are large, open-air structures constructed on the slopes of hills. It consist of 3
elements: the orchestra, the skene, and the audience.
 Orchestra – a large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theater,
were the play, dance, religious rites, and acting takes place.
 Theatron – viewing place on the slope of the hill
 Skene – stage
 Parodoi – side entrance
 3 Well-Known Greek tragedy
Playwrights
1. Euripides – experienced travels;
these are as education in themselves.
2. Sophocles – always desire to learn
something useful.
3. Aeschylus – memory is the mother
of all wisdom.

*Satyr play – contains comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy
ending. This is a short, light-hearted tailpiece performed after each trilogy of the
tragedies. It is an ancient Greek form of tragic comedy. It features half-man/half-
goat characters known as Satyrs.
EPIDAUROS (GREEK THEATER)

B. Roman Theater
- Started in the 3rd century B.C.
- It had varied and interesting art forms, like festival performances of street theater,
acrobatics, the staging of comedies of Plautus, and the high-verbally elaborate
tragedies of Seneca.
- Roman culture in the 3rd century BC had an intense and energizing effect on Roman
theater and encouraged the development of Latin literature.
- Roman drama began with the plays of Livius Andronicus in 240 BC.
- Greek theater had a great influence on the Roman’s theater too.
- Triumvir Pompey was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) Theaters in Rome,
structure is similar to the theatron of Athens.
THEATRE OF POMPEY (ROMAN THEATRE)

*The building was a part of a multi-use complex that

included a large quadriporticus (a columned
quadrangle), directly behind the scanae fron – an
elaborately decorated background of theater stage
enclosed by the large columned porticos with an
expansive garden complex of fountains and statues.
*There were also rooms that were dedicated to the
exposition of art and other works collected by Pompey
Magnus located along the stretch of covered arcade.
*The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators, and public execution.
*Romans love a good spectacle.
*They loved to watch combat, admired blood sports and gladiator competition. The more realistic
the violence, the more it pleased Roman audiences.
*Comedy plays were also popular in the Roman theater from 350 to 250 BC and were women
were allowed to perform on stage.

ROMAN CHARIOT AND GLADIATORS

C. Medieval Theater (500 C.E. – 1400)

*theater performances were not allowed throughout Europe. To keep the theater alive,
minstrels, though denounced by the church, performed in markets, public places and
festivals.
*These minstrels were viewed as dangerous and pagan.
*they travelled from one town to another as puppeteers, jugglers, story tellers, dancers,
singers, and other theatrical acts.
*Church in Europe started staging their own theater performances during Easter Sundays
with Biblical stories and events.
*Eventually, some plays were brought outside the church due to their portrayal of the devil
and hell. Example of this play is the “Mystere d’ Adam” or “The Mystery of Adam”.