Appendix PowerFactory Model - V601a
Appendix PowerFactory Model - V601a
Appendix PowerFactory Model - V601a
Version 6.01a
August 5, 2019
Su Pei Fei
Principal Engineer
GE Energy Consulting
General Electric International, Inc.
1 River Road, Bldg. 40,
Schenectady, NY 12345 USA
Office: +55 (11) 3612-7211
Mobile: +55 (11) 99940-7772
[email protected]
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1) Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the use of any
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information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report.
CONTENTS
1 GE WTG PowerFactory files description 1
1.1 Adding GE WTG template to a simulation database 1
1.2 Settings Update Script 2
1.3 Wind Turbine rating 4
1.4 Wind Plant rating 6
1.5 Grid rating 8
1.6 Controls updates 8
6 REFERENCES 30
1 GE WTG PowerFactory files description
This section of the document includes wind turbine model information and user instructions to
perform engineering studies in PowerFactory of wind plants equipped with GE WTGs.
GE’s WTG PowerFactory model reflects the control design criteria of the GE WTGs and was
validated against the high fidelity electromagnetic model of the WTG in WindTRAP software. This
model can be used for balanced and unbalanced simulations.
The GE DFG WTG model is provided using PowerFactory’s templates and it is assumed that the
model user is familiar with PowerFactory software. The file name is “GE_WTG_DFG_vX
(template).pfd”, where “X” stands for the model version. Additionally, a wind farm example
project is provided, named “Project with GE WTG DFG_vX.pfd”. Please contact GE to make sure
the latest version is provided. The file was created in PowerFactory version 2017.
Please contact GE for advice on modeling any GE WTGs not currently included in this document.
Dissemination of the associated files in whole or in part to a third party is subject to the written
approval from GE.
1.1 Adding GE WTG template to a simulation database
Please refer to PowerFactory user’s manual for instructions to import templates.
To complement PowerFactory user’s manual information, this is a summary of the required steps
to incorporate a GE WTG model to a pre‐existing PowerFactory project:
1. Import “GE_WTG_DFG_vX (template)” to the “Templates” folder in the PowerFactory
project where the GE WTG model is to be incorporated.
2. Activate the relevant study case in the PowerFactory project where the GE WTG model is
to be incorporated.
3. Open a grid representation (one‐line diagram) including the equivalent 690V terminal
where the WTG will connect (low voltage terminal connecting to aggregated unit
transformer)
4. Apply a template copy in the grid representation. To do this,
a. Select the symbol
b. Select the template “GE_WTG_DFG_vX (template)” from the browser
c. Left click on the grid representation (canvas) to show a ghost image of the
template grid elements
d. Drop the ghost image with another left click at the desired GE WTG position
The GE template representation includes the following grid elements:
1. Static generator
2. Low voltage 690V terminal
3. Breaker (the breaker is connected only on one side)
Figure 2‐1. Grid Elements.
The pre‐existing PowerFactory project should include an aggregated or individual unit
transformer and the associated low voltage (690 V) terminal or medium voltage (6 kV) terminal.
To connect the GE WTG model to the rest of the system, simply connect the disconnected side
of the template breaker (“Breaker/Switch”) to the desired low voltage terminal in the pre‐existing
system.
The template also includes measurement elements and DSL elements. The DSL elements may
need parameter adjustments based on the specific characteristics of a project. The measurement
elements and Station Control need to be connected to the correct measurement points. Normally
the measurement elements of “WGenT” 690V terminal are connected, but the measurements
elements “VPOI” and “Q for droop”, and the Station Control need to be connected to the chosen
POI (Point of Interconnection) in case the user wants to test the wind plant level controller.
The library of models “GE DFG Library” and script “Project Setup” are part of the template. Once
the template is imported, the user can move (not copy) the library to the desired location in the
existing project database, and move the script file to folder “Script”.
The simulation timestep should be 1.0 ms or less for proper model response. Fixed timestep is
recommended.
1.2 Settings Update Script
Ratings and control parameter adjustments need to be done in the provided files according to
the specific project to be simulated. This can be done manually by adjusting each element.
Alternatively, the user can update parameters and ratings automatically using the provided file
“Project Setup.txt” (Figure 2‐2) and the script with the same name located in folder “Script” inside
PowerFactory project or inside the GE WTG template imported. The script updates the relevant
rating and control parameters when executed.
Figure 2‐2. Project Setup.txt file.
The appropriate path to file “Project Setup.txt” has to be updated inside the script, line 75, prior
to execution.
When using the txt‐file, the user shall update the 2nd line according to the project file selected as
shown in next table. This parameter enables updates to elements of the specific file used.
Table 2‐1. 2nd line of Project Setup.txt.
(2)
1
Where:
P= Rated Active Power (MW)
Q= Reactive Power (MVAr)
PF= Power Factor (‐) (0.95 or 0.9)
The PQ and VQ capability curves of each GE WTG are available on the WTG specific
documentation. The user shall input the correspondent data in the Capability Curve of Reactive
Power Operation Limits inside the Static Generator.
Additionally, there is a DPL available in PowerFactory website that automatically generates these
curves for the wind plant, called “Wind Farm PQ Diagram” and “Wind Farm VQ Diagram”.
The following figures show the updated parameters of the static generator "GE WTG".
Figure 2‐3. Static Generator, Basic Data.
Figure 2‐4. Static Generator, Load Flow.
1.4 Wind Plant rating
The Project Setup.txt file can also be used to automatically update the unit transformer,
aggregated collector system, LV, MV and HV terminals, and wind farm main transformer data of
the file “Project with GE WTG DFG_vX.pfd”. The user shall update the following parameters of
the txt file according to the specifications shown in the next table.
Table 2‐3. 6th and 8th lines of Project Setup.txt.
Turbine Control
Temax Maximum electrical torque pu
Turbine Control
Temin Minimum electrical torque pu
- Turbine Control
Kiar2 Second integral gain for above rated
mode
- Turbine Control
Kpar2 Second proportional gain for above
rated mode
Turbine Control
Pmmin Minimum mechanical torque pu
Turbine Control
Pres Power reserve pu
spdrrl Speed rate limit
rpm Turbine Control
SPD1 Speed 1 in power speed curve
Wind Inertia
Turbine Control
Parameters
Turbine Control
Kppw Power regulator proportional gain -
Turbine Control
Td Power regulator proportianl delay s
Turbine Control
Tdl Power command delay s
Turbine Control
Tpr Time constant in pref command s
Parameter Description Value/Unit DSL element
Turbine Control
Prrup Upper rr limit on pref pu/s
Turbine Control
Prrdw Lower rr limit on pref pu/s
Turbine Control
VFRZ Voltage freeze threshold for MBC pu
regulators
Turbine Control
Trqrup Up ramp rate on electrical torque pu/s
command
Turbine Control
Trqrdn Down ramp rate on electrical torque pu/s
command
Turbine Control
Tpref Time constant on Pref command s
Turbine Control
Prefrup Upper ramp rate on Pref signal pu/s
Turbine Control
Prefrdw Lower ramp rate on Pref signal pu/s
Table 2‐6. Setup of Reactive Power Control DSL
= Number of WTGs x
WTG Rated Reactive
Power
Figure 2‐5. Station Control “GE Wind Control”, Load Flow.
Set the Power Rating field in the in the PQ measurement element “Q for droop” to the
rated Apparent Power of all GE WTGs.
= Number of WTGs x
WTG Rated Power
Figure 2‐6. PQ Measurement "Q for Droop", Basic Data.
2 Model Description
The GE wind turbine generator model in the provided PowerFactory template comprises of:
Network elements: GE WTG (Static Generator and Composite model), WGenT 690V
terminal, Breaker/Switch element, static measurement elements
Composite model and DSL elements associated to GE WTG controls
Library folder “GE DFG WTG” (Frame and block definitions)
Script “Project Setup”
2.1 Frame
The composite frame of the GE wind turbine generator model is presented in next figure. The
colored boxes represent:
1. GENERATOR/CONVERTER MODEL (red box)
2. ELECTRICAL (CONVERTER) CONTROL MODEL (green box)
3. WIND TURBINE AND TURBINE CONTROL MODEL (dark blue box)
Several additional blocks on the light blue box are associated to PowerFactory measurement
elements.
DIgSILENT
GE Wind Turbine Model v601:
Pgen
0 0
Meas PQ Gen
StaPqmea* Qgen
1
Pord IPcmd
Wind Turbine Model 0 0 0
ElmWtm*
u1r_in;u1i_in Generator(network)
0
fe ElmGenstat*
0 1
IQcmd
1 1
u
1 2
Meas VTRM
StaVmea* ur;ui
2
1 2
2
Converter Control 2
Generator/Converter
ElmWec* ElmDsl*
Qcmd
0 3
1
Iplv
1
Qbranch
0 2
Meas Qbranch ir;ii
4 3
StaPqmea*
1 Reactive Power Control
Vreg ElmWrc*
3
5 4
Im
4
Meas VREG
StaVmea*
5
Meas IBranch
StaImea*
Meas Igen
StaImea*
0
Figure 2‐1: PowerFactory composite frame of GE wind turbine generator model
2.2 Block definitions
The table below provides a short description of each block and the associated section of
reference with detailed description.
Table 2‐1. Block Definition.
The “Generator(network)” block is assigned as “Main Slot”. That is, if the static generator
element is set out‐of‐service, the composite model will be automatically be set out‐of‐service.
3 Control functions for RMS simulations
3.1 Voltage and Reactive Power control setup
Section 5.2.2.1 in the main body of this document describes the options of voltage and reactive
power control in the model. The associated parameters should be set in the “Reactive Power
Control” and “Converter Control” DSL elements.
In order to perform voltage control of the point of interconnection (Settings in provided models),
the StaVmea element called "VPOI" located inside the composite model should be set to measure
the appropriate bus bar in the system.
3.1.1 Fault Ride Through
The generator model also includes over/under voltage protective functions to reflect conditions
when the WTG may disconnect. In particular, the low voltage tripping can be set to meet so‐
called “low‐voltage ride through‐LVRT” or “zero‐voltage ride through‐ZVRT” requirements.
3.1.2 Wind Control Emulator
In case the user wants to verify wind plant level voltage and reactive power control behavior, the
Reactive Power Control DSL element must be activated. This DSL represents a simplified
equivalent of the supervisory VAr controller portion of the entire wind farm management system,
commercially called WindCONTROL.
Qcmd can come from the WindCONTROL voltage and reactive power control emulator (varflg to
1) or from the WTG power factor control emulator (pfaflg to 1 and varflg to 0). It can also be held
constant (pfaflg to 0 and varflg to 0) or come from a separate model (varflg to ‐1). The varflg and
pfaflg flags will determine the configuration chosen.
The WindCONTROL emulator function represents a simplified equivalent of the supervisory VAr
controller portion of the entire wind farm management system (WindCONTROL). The function
monitors a specified bus voltage and compares it against the reference voltage. The regulator
itself is a PI controller, with gains Kpv and Kiv. The time constant, Tc, reflects the delays associated
with cycle time, communication delay to the individual WTGs, and additional filtering in the WTG
controls. The voltage measurement lag is represented by the time constant Tr.
3.1.2.1 Droop and Line Drop Compensation
In case the user needs to consider reactive power droop at the plant level, the parameter Xqd
(droop gain) must be set to a value different than 0 for dynamic simulations. This parameter is
set on a 100MVA base.
The Q Droop function is a relatively slow‐acting function that reduces the effective voltage
reference for the plant level voltage control as reactive power changes. This improves
coordination between multiple integral controllers regulating the same point in the system.
There are three options for the reactive power input to this function: reactive power generated
by the WTG (Droop_selector to 0), reactive power flow in a user‐specified branch
(Droop_selector to 1), or a synthesized reactive power (Droop_selector to 2). The latter is the
reactive power flow in the user‐specified branch plus a secondary term, Xqd*Im2, where Im is the
magnitude of the current flowing in that branch (“I for Droop” measurement element). The Xqd
refers to the electrical distance between the measurement point and the point of desired voltage
regulation. Commercially this function is called “Line Drop Compensation”, and may be enabled
setting Xqd to a value different than 0.
“I for Droop” and “Q for Droop” measurement elements must be set to the point of measurement
of the Wind Control. The rated power of the wind plant must be set in the PQ measurement
element.
= Number of WTGs x
WTG Rated Power
Figure 3‐1. PQ Measurement "Q for Droop", Basic Data.
Figure 3‐4. WTG Reactive Current dynamic limits look‐up tables.
Proportional Control:
In proportional control mode, the turbine provides additional reactive current in proportional to
change in voltage as shown in Figure 3-5. In this mode of operation, the proportional control
becomes active when the voltage during disturbance falls outside of the +‐10% of the nominal
voltage.
The proportionality factor (K_HV and K_LV), dead‐band (DB_HV and DB_LV) and reactive current
limits (Iqmax and Iqmin) can be configured based on Table 3-2.
Additional reactive current required 1.0
Δi1
K_HV
0.5
DB_HV
DB_LV
‐0.5 ‐0.3 ‐0.1 0.1 0.3 Δu1
Voltage drop or increase
‐0.5
Δu1 = voltage change in the positive sequence system
Δi1 = reactive current change in the positive sequence system
K_LV ‐1.0
Figure 3‐5. Proportional control.
Table 3‐2. Parameters for proportional control & proportional VDE control
Recommended
Variable Name Description
Value (SPAIN)
K_LV Reactive current deviation /voltage deviation for
3.5
voltage reductions
K_HV Reactive current deviation /voltage deviation for over
3.5
voltages
DB_LV 0 Dead‐band around initial voltage (voltage reductions)
DB_HV 0 Dead‐band around initial voltage (overvoltages)
Figure 3‐7. Power droop curve setting table
The text file has also the lookup table parameters that can be modified shown in the figure below.
Figure 3‐8. Power droop curve look‐up table
3.4 Protection Settings
Table 3-3 presents the parameters describing the WTG tolerance during under/overvoltage (“Zero Voltage
Ride Through”) and under/over frequency events.
Table 3‐3 Voltage and frequency ride through parameters
Figure 5‐1. Voltage setpoint event.
This simulation does not include the slew rate limitation applied to a modification of this setpoint
from the WindSCADA. That is, it is assumed that the voltage regulator is affected with a step
change.
5.2 Power reference
A power reference modification to the plant can also be simulated using a parameter event. The
event should modify the variable pref of the DSL element “Turbine Control”. The figure below
shows the event settings, pref is in per‐unit.
Figure 5‐2. Power ramp event.
6 REFERENCES
[1] “Modelling of GE Wind Turbine Generator for Grid Studies”, Version 6.01, October 17, 2017 issued
by General Electrical International, Inc.