CITY UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBALIZATION

BBCB3033

GROUP PROJECT

COUNTRY : INDIA

PREPARED BY :

NAME MATRIC ID

THEVA LETCHUMANAN 201711040016

NAWEN KUMAR RAJAN 201709020019

THERESA ANN V.R. BIRCH 201805040031

REMONICCA ANN V.R. BIRCH 201805040032

LALITHA DEVI 201801040025

PREPARED FOR :

MR MOHD AKMAL BIN MOHD ADUROS

SUBMISSION DATE :

22ND DECEMBER 2019

 BBA/BCC

BBCB3033/BBCM3133 International Business and Globalization

Assessment Evaluation Form

Name of Student THEVA LETCHUMANAN ID: 201711040016

Name of Student NAWEN KUMAR RAJAN ID: 201709020019

Name of Student THERESA ANN V.R. BIRCH ID: 201805040031

Name of Student REMONICCA ANN V.R. ID: 201805040032

BIRCH

Name of Student LALITHA DEVI ID: 201801040025

Criterion Possible Points Points

1) Structure of Report

 Cover Page 3
 Table of Content 3
 Acknowledgement 4
 Executive Summary (concise and effective summary 5
of the entire report)

2) Introduction

 Defines background of that culture/religion/country.

5
3) Explanation about that culture/religion/country

 Social/religious event

 Behavior/attitude

 Holidays

 House decorations

 Clothing/fashion styles 25
 Food

-Kind of food

-Ethics
  Festival

 Some do’s and don’ts

4) Language 20
- Add anything that you think is relevant to how that

culture/religion/country communicate with others.

7) Comments/Suggestions/Recommendations

 Relevant 10

8) Conclusion 5
 Sound and recapitulate the essence of the report

9) Format

 Double-spaced 10
 Page number available (deduct 2 marks for
each incorrect
 Main & side headings correctly formatted format)
 Font size consistent (Arial, 11)

 Minimum number of pages (10)

10) Appendixes – pamphlets, brochures, forms, photos, etc. 10

TOTAL 100
 TABLE OF CONTENT

N0 TITLE PAGE

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

3. INTRODUCTION 3-5

4. EXPLANATION ABOUT CULTURE/RELIGION/COUNTRY 6-36

5. LANGUAGE 37-38

6. COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS 39

7. CONCLUSION 40

8. APPENDIXES 41-44
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In performing our assignment, we had to take the help and guideline of some

respected persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. The completion of this

assignment gives us much pleasure.

We would like to show our gratitude to our lecturer of International Business

subject who is Mr. Mohd Akmal Bin Mohd Aduros, City University for giving us a good

guideline for assignment throughout numerous consultations. He inspired us greatly

to work in this project. His willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to our

project. We also would like to thank him for showing us some example that related to

the topic of our project.

Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made

valuable comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to

improve our assignment. We thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly

to complete our assignment.

Besides that, we would like to thank the authority of City University for providing

us with a good environment and facilities to complete this project.

Finally, an honorable mention goes to our families and friends for their

understandings and supports on us in completing this project. Without helps of the

particular that mentioned above, we would face many difficulties while doing this

project.

1
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This group project is prepared to report about international business and

globalization program at any chosen culture/religion/country at different background.

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies and governments of different nations, a process driven by international

trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects

on the environment on culture, on political systems, on economic development and

prosperity and on human physical well being in society around the world.

In this project, we have choose India as a country and discussed about it’s

culture, religion and social related activities of the country. Based on all these

information discussed and gathered we can find out where as globalization process

can be taken place in India or not. Moreover, we also can find out that India is a

capable country or not for international business so all those multinational companies

can invest in India.

Besides, this project discussed about India which has a wide range of ethnic and

cultural diversity. It is less a nation and more a collection of countries. Throughout

central and southern India there are tribal populations such as Mundas, Oraons and

Santals, there are Dravidian groups in southern India such as Tamils and the

Malayalam-speaking peoples in Kerala. In the north, Bengalis, Kashmiris, Punjabis,

Gujaratis, Rajputs, and Marathas are among the prominent groups. India shares

2
many of its cultural groups with Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Each region

has its own mix of religion, caste (social class), language, and literary, cultural and

historical traditions.

3
 INTRODUCTION

India is the largest country in South Asia. The word "Indian" comes from Sindhu,

a local name for the Indus River. Indians also call their country "Bharat," the name of

a legendary emperor.

Indian history dates to the third millennium BC when Harappan civilization

flourished in the Indus Valley. Aryan-speaking tribes from Central Asian began

settling in northwestern India around 1700 BC . These groups eventually took over

much of India.

4
 At times, powerful kingdoms such as the Mauryan (321–181 BC ) and the Gupta

( AD 319–c. 500) empires have ruled. But, over the centuries, Persians, Greeks,

Parthians, Kushans, and White Huns invaded India. Muslims entered India at the

beginning of the eleventh century AD and ruled much of the subcontinent for eight

hundred years.

The Mughal Dynasty conquered Delhi and ruled from the sixteenth century until

the eighteenth century. Islam made important contributions to South Asian civilization

and shaped a great deal of India's cultural heritage.

Europeans reached South Asia in 1498 when Portuguese sailors landed on the

southwest coast of India. Over the next two centuries, Portugal, Holland, Britain, and

France set up trading posts and factories. By the middle of the eighteenth century,

the British East India Company controlled most of the European trade in India, and

Britain ultimately ruled the entire region.

The inability of British, Hindu, and Muslim leaders to agree on a successor state

to the British Indian Empire resulted in the partition of the subcontinent (by the United

Nations) into India and Pakistan in 1947. This has caused three wars. India and

Pakistan continue to be hostile toward each other, particularly over the question of

which country should control the beautiful mountain state of Kashmir.

Modern India has an area of about 3.2 million square kilometers (1.2 million

square miles), and a population of 940 million.

India stretches from Cape Comorin, 8° north of the equator, to its border with the

disputed Kashmir region under Pakistani control. Pakistan lies to the west, and to the

east, India shares borders with Bangladesh, China, and Myanmar (Burma).

5
 India has three geographic zones. In the north lie the majestic Himalayas, which

run for more than 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) and contain many of the world's

highest peaks. Below the mountains lie the Indo-Gangetic plains. These lands run

from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal and along the Indus and Ganges river

valleys. The plains receive plenty of rain during the monsoon season and support

much of India's agriculture. The Deccan Plateau forms the third geographical region.

These are the uplands bordered by the Eastern and Western Ghats (mountains) that

make up the interior of the Indian peninsula.

India has a wide range of ethnic and cultural diversity. It is less a nation and

more a collection of countries. Throughout central and southern India there are tribal

populations such as Mundas, Oraons and Santals, there are Dravidian groups in

southern India such as Tamils and the Malayalam-speaking peoples in Kerala. In the

north, Bengalis, Kashmiris, Punjabis, Gujaratis, Rajputs, and Marathas are among

the prominent groups. India shares many of its cultural groups with Pakistan,

Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Each region has its own mix of religion, caste (social

class), language, and literary, cultural and historical traditions. These traditions

existed long before modern nations were created, and many people identify strongly

with them. Thus, one can be a Punjabi and either a Pakistani or Indian, or a Bengali

and either a Bangladeshi or Indian.

CONTENTS

6
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS EVENT

India is worldly known as a land vibrant celebration; one can see the culture and

life of India during the celebrations of various fair and festivals, celebrated with high

spirit in each and every town in India. By and large the flow of festivals continues

throughout the year in India. There are noble cause and meaningful identity behind

each fair and festival, based upon rituals, traditions, legends, monsoon, history, while

many express devotion to the deities of different religions. There are religious fair,

historical fair, long life marriage based festivals, animal worship fair, cattle fairs,

monsoon fair, changing season fair, all festivals denote vivacity, colour, high sprit,

dedications, ebullience, peace, power, humanity messages, appetizing food, sports

activities, artistic performance, prayers and rituals. Obviously, when it comes to

tourism, fair and festivals are on the priority among the tourists to coincide the trip to

witness amazing festivals of India.

The major celebration in India include Christmas, Diwali Holi, Pushkar Mela,

Ganapati, Navaratri, Kumbh Mela, Republic day, Pongal, Onam, Surajkund Mela,

Goa Carnival, Snake Boat Race, Desert Festival many more, and these fair and

festivals reveals diverse regions, religions and communities. During these

celebrations of the fair and festivals, each of them reflects the life style and vigour of

the people. Most of the celebrations are based on rituals of prayers, exchanging

goodwill, decorating houses, wearing new clothes, jewellery, music, singing, and

dance and feasting.

All Indian fair and festivals have lots of diversity according to the culture, life

style, language, religion of each states and region, like Durga Puja (Navaratri) is

major festivals of West Bengal, Ganapati in Maharashtra, also in the western and

eastern parts of India, Pongal in Tamilnadu, Onam in Kerala, Goa Carnival,

Christmas and New Year in Goa, car Festival of Puri, Pushkar fair in Rajasthan,

Snake boat fair in Kerala, Holi in North India, Kumbh Mela in Haridwar and Varanasi,

7
republic day in Delhi, Diwali is the festivals which is celebrated with almost same sprit

all over India.

8
BEHAVIOUR AND ATTITUDE

Cooperation

Cooperation is highly valued. The value placed on cooperation is strongly rooted in

the past, when cooperation was necessary for the survival of family and group.

Because of strong feelings of group solidarity, competition within the group is rare.

There is security in being a member of the group and in not being singled out and

placed in a position above or below others. Approved behavior includes improving on

and competing with one’s own past performance, however. The sense of cooperation

is so strong in many tribal communities that democracy means consent by

consensus, not by majority rule. Agreement and cooperation among tribal members

are all-important. This value is often at odds with the competitive spirit emphasized in

the dominant society. A common result of the disparity between cooperation and

competition is that, under certain circumstances, when a fellow Indian student does

not answer a question in class, some Indian children may state they too do not know

the answer, even though they might. This practice stems from their noncompetitive

culture and concern that other individuals do not lose face.

Group Harmony

9
Emphasis is placed on the group and the importance of maintaining harmony within

the group. Most Indians have a low ego level and strive for anonymity. They stress

the importance of personal orientation (social harmony) rather than task orientation.

The needs of the group are considered over those of the individual. This value is

often at variance with the concept of rugged individualism. One result of the

difference between group and individual emphasis is that internal conflict may result

since the accent in most schools in generally on work for personal gain, not on group

work. The Indian child may not forge ahead as an independent person and my prefer

to work with and for the group. Some educators consider this to be behavior that

should be discouraged and modified.

Modesty

The value of modesty is emphasized. Even when one does well and achieves

something, one must remain modest. Boasting and loud behavior that attract

attention to oneself are discouraged. Modesty regarding one’s physical body is also

common among most Indians. Besides that, Indian children and their parents may

not speak freely of their various accomplishments (e.g. traditional Indian dancing:

championships or rodeo riding awards won.) Therefore, non-Indians are generally

unaware of special achievements. Regarding the matter of physical modesty, many

Indian student experience difficulty and embarrassment in physical education classes

and similar classes in which students are required to undress in front of others.

Dignity

Value is placed on respect for an individual’s dignity and personal autonomy. People

are not meant to be controlled. One is taught not to interfere in the affairs of another.

Children are afforded the same respect as adults. Indian parents generally practice

10
noninterference regarding their child’s vocation. Indians support the rights of an

individual. One does not volunteer advice until it is asked for.

A conflict in these essential values is evident in circumstances in which Indians resist

the involvement of outsiders in their affairs. They may resent non-Indian attempts to

help and give advice particularly in personal matters. Forcing opinions and advice on

Indian on such things as careers only causes frustration.

Placidity

Placidity is valued, as is the ability to remain quiet and still. Silence is comfortable.

Most Indians have few nervous mannerisms. Feelings of discomfort are frequently

masked in silence to avoid embarrassment of self or others. When ill at ease, Indians

observe in silence while inwardly determining what is expected of them. Indians are

generally slow to demonstrate signs of anger or other strong emotions. This value

may differ sharply from that of the dominant society, which often values action over

inaction.

This conflict in values often results in Indian people being incorrectly viewed as shy,

slow, or backward. The silence of some Indians can also be misconstrued as

behavior that snubs, ignores, or appears to be sulking.

Patience

To have the patience and ability to wait quietly is considered a good quality among

Indians. Evidence of this value is apparent in delicate, time-consuming works of art,

such as beadwork, quillwork, or sand painting. Patience might not be valued by

others who may have been taught "never to allow grass to grow under one’s feet."

Educators may press Indian student or parents to make rapid responses and

immediate decisions and may become impatient with their slowness and

deliberateness of discussion.

11
Generosity

Generosity and sharing are greatly valued. Most Indians freely exchange property

and food. The respected person is not one with large savings, but rather one who

gives generously. Individual ownership of material property exists but is sublimated.

Avarice is strongly discouraged. While the concept of sharing is advanced by most

cultures, it may come into conflict with the value placed by the dominant society on

individual ownership. Some educators fail to recognize and utilize the Indian

student’s desire to share and thus maintain good personal relations with their peers.

HOLIDAYS

India is a cultural diverse and fervent society, celebrates various holidays and

festivals. There are three national holidays in India:

 Republic Day (26 January)

 Independence Day (15 August)

 Mahatma Gandhi's birthday (2 October)

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Religious holidays

In India, people from various religions together. People from different religions

celebrate their festivals.

Hindu holidays

Hindus celebrate a various number of festivals all through the year. Hindu festivals

have one or more of religious holidays :

 Pongal

 Maha Shivratri

 Bhogi / Ugadi

 Onam

 Thaipusam

 Saraswati Pooja

 Diwali

 Ganesh Chaturthi

 Raksha Bandhan

 Holi

 Durga Pooja

 Vishu

Islamic holidays

 Eid ul-Fitr

 Eid ul-Adha

 Mawlid

13
 Muharram

Christian holidays

 Christmas

 Easter

 Good Friday

14
HOUSE DECORATIONS

DEEPAVALI HOUSE DECORATIONS

Paper Lampshades

Paper lampshades are a novel oriental way of decorating the house on Diwali. They

are an easy buy and available in amazing patterns and colours. Besides, the different

sizes they come in lend you the option of decorating the house in any way you

desire.

Creative Rangolis

15
Rangolis can be created with flowers or Rangoli powder. To add uniqueness to it,

you can place designer diyas for Diwali and pretty clay handicrafts to enhance the

beauty and level up the traditional Diwali decoration.

Flowers & Candles Decor

Flowers are an indispensable part of Diwali decoration. So flowers can be the

best diwali gifts. Create low centerpieces with brass utensils and place the flowers

and floating candles alternatively in it for a bright and beautiful arrangement.

The Evergreen Diyas

Diyas are a traditional Diwali decoration item which undoubtedly, add a splendid

festive touch to the decoration. Make a difference by getting earthen diyas and

decorating them with glitter and acrylic paints.

16
PONGGAL DECORATIONS

The decor items used during Pongal are usually “Green.” Here green refers to all the

things of harvest like banana leaves, mango leaves, sugarcane sticks, etc.

Sugarcane is mainly important for Pongal activities & decorations. This is because it

is the main harvest for this season. Apart from that, a stem holding five mango leaves

is considered holy by Hindus. These leaves are usually used to decorate the pot in

which Pongal is prepared.

The Painted Pot

Pongal is usually cooked in an earthen pot as shown in the figure. The pot is usually

painted with different coloured designs.

Sugar Cane (Long) Sticks

To complete the Pongal decoration, you need to have long sugarcane sticks. Choose

the ones with the leaves on top for some frills!

17
Innovative Rangoli Designs

Every homemaker knows how to make Kolam in Tamil Nadu. So if you can come up

with some innovative designs, you can outshine your neighbours.

18
CLOTHING FASHION STYLE

Clothing in India changes depending on the different ethnicity, geography, climate

and cultural traditions of people in each region of India. Historically, male and female

clothing has evolved from simple garments such as kaupina, langota, dhoti ,lungi,

sari, gamcha, and loincloths to cover the body in elaborate costumes not only used in

daily clothing, but also on festive occasions, as well as rituals and dance

performances. In urban areas, western clothing is common and uniformly worn by

people of all social levels. India also has a great diversity in terms of fabrics, fibers,

colors and clothing material. Sometimes color codes are followed in clothing based

on the religion and ritual in question. Clothing in India also covers the wide variety of

Indian embroidery, prints, handwork, ornaments, and clothing styles. A wide mix of

traditional Indian clothing and Western styles can be seen in India.

Traditional clothing

Sari and wrapped garments

19
A saree or sari is a female garment in the Indian subcontinent. A sari is a strip of

unstitched cloth, ranging from four to nine meters in length, which is draped over the

body in various styles. These include: Sambalpuri Saree from East, Mysore silk and

Ilkal of Karnataka and, Kanchipuram of Tamil Nadu from South, Paithani from West

and Banarasi from North among others. The most common style is for the sari to be

wrapped around the waist, with one end then draped over the shoulder baring the

midriff. The sari is usually worn over a petticoat. Blouse may be "backless" or of a

halter neck style. These are usually dressier with a lot of embellishments such as

mirrors or embroidery and may be worn on special occasions. Women in the armed

forces, when wearing a sari uniform, don a half-sleeve shirt tucked in at the waist.

Teenage girls wear half-sarees, a three piece set consisting of a langa, a choli and a

stole wrapped over it like a saree. Women usually wear full sarees. Indian wedding

saris are typically red or pink, a tradition that goes back to India's pre-modern history.

Saris are usually known with different names in different places. In Kerala, white saris

with golden border, are known as kavanis and are worn on special occasions. A

simple white sari, worn as a daily wear, is called a mundu. Saris are called pudavai in

Tamil Nadu. In Karnataka, saris are called Seere. The traditional production of

handloom sarees is important to economic development in rural communities.

Mundum Neriyathum

Mundum Neriyathum is the oldest remnant of the ancient form of the saree which

covered only the lower part of the body, a traditional dress of women in Kerala, South

India. The basic traditional piece is the mundu or lower garment which is the ancient

form of the saree denoted in Malayalam as 'Thuni' (meaning cloth), while the

neriyathu forms the upper garment the mundu.

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Mekhela Sador

Mekhela Sador is the traditional Assamese dress worn by women. It is worn by

women of all ages. There are three main pieces of cloth that are draped around the

body. The bottom portion, draped from the waist downwards is called the Mekhela. It

is in the form of a sarong very wide cylinder of cloth that is folded into pleats to fit

around the waist and tucked in. The folds are to the right, as opposed to the pleats in

the Nivi style of the saree, which are folded to the left. Strings are never used to tie

the mekhela around the waist, though an underskirt with a string is often used.

The top portion of the three-piece dress, called the Sador, is a long length of cloth

that has one end tucked into the upper portion of the Mekhela and the rest draped

over and around the rest of the body. The Sador is tucked in triangular folds. A fitted

blouse is worn to cover the breasts.

The third piece is called a Riha, which is worn under the Sador. It is narrow in width.

This traditional dress of the Assamese women is very famous for their exclusive

patterns on the body and the border. Women wear them during important religious

and ceremonious occasions of marriage. Riha is worn exactly like a Sador and is

used as Orni.

Salwaar Kameez

Salwar is a generic description of the lower garment incorporating the Punjabi salwar,

Sindhi suthan, Dogri pajamma (also called suthan) and the Kashmiri suthan.

The salwar kameez is the traditional wear of women in Punjab, Haryana and

Himachal Pradesh and is called the Punjabi suit which is most common in the

21
northwestern part of India (Punjab region). The Punjabi suit also includes the

"churidaar" and "kurta" ensemble which is also popular in Southern India where it is

known as the "churidaar".

The salwar kameez has become the most popular dress for females. It consists of

loose trousers (the salwar) narrow at the ankles, topped by a tunic top (the kameez).

Women generally wear a dupatta or odani (Veil) with salwar kameez to cover their

head and shoulders. It is always worn with a scarf called a dupatta, which is used to

cover the head and drawn over the bosom.

The material for the dupatta usually depends upon that of the suit, and is generally of

cotton, georgette, silk, chiffon among others [citation needed] This dress is worn by

almost every teenage girl in lieu of western clothes. Many actresses wear the salwar

kameez in Bollywood movies.

The suthan, similar to the salwar is common in Sindh where it is worn with the cholo

and Kashmir where it is worn with the Phiran. The Kashmiri phiran is similar to the

Dogri pajamma. The patiala salwar is an exaggeratedly wide version of the salwar, its

loose pleats stitched together at the bottom.

Churidaar

Churidaar is a variation on the salwar, loose above the knees and tightly fitted to the

calf below. While the salwar is baggy and caught in at the ankle, the churidar fits

below the knees with horizontal gathers near the ankles. The churidaar can be worn

with any upper garment such as a long kurta, which goes below the knees, or as part

of the anarkali suit.

Anarkali Suit

22
The anarkali suit is made up of a long, frock-style top and features a slim fitted

bottom. The anarkali is an extremely desirable style that is adorned by women

located in Northern India, Pakistan and The Middle East. The anarkali suit varies in

many different lengths and embroideries including floor length anarkali styles. Many

women will also opt for heavier embroidered anarkali suits on wedding functions and

events. Indian women wear anarkali suits on various other occasions as well such as

traditional festivals, casual lunch, anniversary celebrations etc. The kameez of the

anarkali can be sleevelesss or with sleeves ranging from cap- to wrist-length.

Lehenga Choli (skirt and blouse)

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A Ghagra Choli or a Lehenga Choli is the traditional clothing of women in Rajasthan

and Gujarat.[citation needed] Punjabis also wear them and they are used in some of

their folk dances. It is a combination of lehenga, a tight choli and an odhani. A

lehenga is a form of a long skirt which is pleated. It is usually embroidered or has a

thick border at the bottom. A choli is a blouse shell garment, which is cut to fit to the

body and has short sleeves and a low neck.

Different styles of ghagra cholis are worn by the women, ranging from a simple

cotton lehenga choli as a daily wear, a traditional ghagra with mirrors embellished

usually worn during navratri for the garba dance or a fully embroidered lehenga worn

during marriage ceremonies by the bride. Popular among unmarried women other

than salwar kameez are Gagra choli and Langa voni.

Pattu Pavadai/Reshme Langa

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Pattu Pavadai or Langa davani is a traditional dress in south India and Rajasthan,

usually worn by teenage and small girls. The pavada is a cone-shaped skirt, usually

of silk, that hangs down from the waist to the toes. It normally has a golden border at

the bottom.

Girls in south India often wear pattu pavadai or Langa davani during traditional

functions. Girls in Rajasthan wear this dress before marriage (and after marriage with

sight modification in certain section of society.

Langa - Voni/Dhavani

This is a type of South Indian dress mainly worn in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and

Tamil Nadu, as well as in some parts of Kerala. This dress is a three-piece garment

where the langa or lehanga is the cone shaped long flowing skirt.

Male Clothing

25
For men, traditional clothes are the Achkan/Sherwani, Bandhgala, Lungi, Kurta,

Angarkha, Jama and Dhoti or Pajama. Additionally, recently pants and shirts have

been accepted as traditional Indian dress by the Government of India.

Undergarments

Kaupin is unsewn and langota is sewn loincloth worn as underwear in dangal held in

akharas especially wrestling, to prevent hernias and hydrocele. It is mandatory for

Sikhs to wear kacchera.

Dhoti

Dhoti is the national dress of India. A dhoti is from four to six feet long white or color

strip of cotton. This traditional attire is mainly worn by men in villages. It is held in

place by a style of wrapping and sometimes with the help of a belt, ornamental and

embroidered or a flat and simple one, around the waist.

In India men also wear long, white sarong like sheets of cloth known as Mundu. It's

called dhotar in Marathi. In Gujarati it's known as "Dhotiyu", while in Telugu they are

called Pancha, in Tamil they are called veshti and in Kannada it is called

Panche/Lungi. Over the dhoti, men wear shirts.

Panche or Lungi

A Lungi, also known as sarong, is a traditional garment of India. A Mundu is a lungi,

except that it is always white. It is either tucked in, over the waist, up to knee-length

or is allowed to lie over and reach up to the ankle. It is usually tucked in when the

person is working, in fields or workshops, and left opens usually as a mark of

respect, in worship places or when the person is around dignitaries.

Lungis, generally, are of two types: the open lungi and the stitched lungi. The open

lungi is a plain sheet of cotton or silk, whereas the stitched one has both of its open

ends stitched together to form a tube like structure.

26
Though mostly worn by men, elderly women also prefer lungi to other garments

owing to its good aeration. It is mostly popular in south India, though people of

Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Somalia also can be seen in

lungis, because of the heat and humidity, which create an unpleasant climate for

trousers, though trousers have now become common outside the house.

Achkan/Sherwani

Achkan sherwani and churidar (lower body) worn by Arvind Singh Mewar and his kin

during a Hindu wedding in Rajasthan, India. An Achkan or a Sherwani is a long coat /

jacket that usually sports exposed buttons through the length of the jacket. The

length is usually just below the knees and the jacket ends just below the knee. The

jacket has a Nehru collar, which is a collar that stands up.[citation needed] The

Achkan is worn with tight fitting pants or trousers called churidars. Churidars are

trousers that are loose around the hips and thighs, but are tight and gathered around

the ankle. Achkan is usually worn during the wedding ceremonies by the groom and

is usually cream, light ivory or gold colored. It may be embroidered with gold or silver.

A scarf called a dupatta is sometimes added to the achkan.

Bandhgala

A Jodhpuri or a Bandhgala is a formal evening suit from India. It originated in the

Jodhpur State, and was popularized during the British Raj in India. Also known as

Jodhpuri Suit, it is a western style suit product, with a coat and a trouser, at times

accompanied by a vest. It brings together the western cut with Indian hand-

27
embroidery escorted by the Waist coat. It is suitable for occasions such as weddings

and formal gatherings.

The material can be silk or any other suiting material. Normally, the material is lined

at the collar and at the buttons with embroidery. This can be plain, jacquard or

jamewari material. Normally, the trousers match that of the coat. There is also a trend

now to wear contrasting trousers to match the coat colour. Bandhgala quickly

became a popular formal and semi-formal uniform across Rajasthan and eventually

throughout India.

Angarkha

The term angarkha is derived from the Sanskrit word Aṅgarakṣaka, which means

protection of the body. The angarkha was worn in various parts of the Indian

Subcontinent, but while the basic cut remained the same, styles and lengths varied

from region to region. Angarakha is a traditional upper garment worn in the Indian

Subcontinent which overlap and are tied to the left or right shoulder. Historically, the

Angrakha was a court outfit that a person could wrap around himself, offering flexible

ease with the knots and ties appropriate for wearing in the various principalities of

ancient India.

Jama

The jama is a long coat which was popular during the Mughal period. There are

many types of jama costumes which were worn in various regions of South Asia, the

use of which began to wane by the end of the 19th century A.D. However, men in

parts of Kutch still wear the jama also known as the angarkha which has an

asymmetric opening with the skirt flaring out to around the hips.However, some

styles fall to below the knees.

Headgear

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The Indian turban or the pagri is worn in many regions in the country, incorporating

various styles and designs depending on the place. Other types of headgear such as

the Taqiyah and Gandhi cap are worn by different communities within the country to

signify a common ideology or interest.

Dastar

The Dastar, also known as a pagri, is a turban worn by the Sikh community of India.

Is a symbol of faith representing values such as valour, honour and spirituality among

others. It is worn to protect the Sikh's long, uncut hair, the Kesh which is one of the

Five Ks of Sikhism. Over the years, the dastar has evolved into different styles

pertaining to the various sects of Sikhism such as the Nihang and the Namdhari.

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FOOD

Tamil Nadu

In Tamil Nadu lots of Tamil Brahmins so their food is obviously vegetarian. but they

have non-vegetarian dishes as well. The main ingredients of making foods are rice,

gram and curry leaves. The main dishes are Poriyal, Varuval, Pachadi, Idli,

Payasam, Sambar, Thokku, Vadai, Kuzambu, Uttapam, and Vada. The most popular

food is Idli Sambhar, prepared by steaming the grind mixture of soaked rice and

white lentils and is eaten with sambhar which is a type of South Indian Dal, they

make it with a lot of vegetables and is sour in taste.

Telangana

Telugu cuisine are hot and spicy in taste, The main food of Telangana are Sarva

Pindi, Malidalu, Sakinalu, Garijalu, Pachi Pulusu, Golichina Mamsam, Hyderabadi

Biryani, Chegodilu, Polelu and Qubani ka Meetha. The most famous is Chicken

Biryani which is a rich combination of aromatic herbs and spices that give it a

succulent taste.

Kerala

Kerala is also known as “Land of Spices” which they use in their culinary skills

Chillies, curry leaves, coconut, mustard seeds, turmeric, and tamarind are very

frequently used. You will find a lot of coconuts in the dishes. Some of the popular

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dishes are Idli, Tosai, Appam, Idiyappam, Puttu, and Pathiri, here you will find

various variety of Sambar and Rasam. The most popular breakfast dish of Kerala is

Puttu and Kadala Curry which is steamed rice flour made with cylinders and we add

grated coconut in between as fillings.

Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh food comprises of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. The

prime food is rice as it is also called “Rice bowl of India“, the meal is served on a

banana leaf. Kerala’s one of the main ingredients is tamarind along with curry leaves,

tomatoes, and mustard seeds

Some of the famous dishes of Andhra Pradesh are Idly, Tosai and Sambar,

Pesarattu, Upma, Curd Rice, and Various curries. In the coastal area, seafood is

common, where fish and prawns are cooked with sesame and coconut oil. Their

curry is a blend of Mughlai Cuisine, any curry served with rice and a lot of pickles.

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ETHICS

Ethics (nītīśāstra) is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral values. The

word ‘ethics’ comes from the Greek ethikos, which means a set of moral principles.

The word is sometimes used to refer to the moral principles of a particular social or

religious group or an individual. It studies human character and conduct in terms of

good and bad, right and wrong.

The moral code of the people is an indicator of their social and spiritual ways of

life. The true essence of human life is to live amidst worldly joy and sorrows. Ethics is

primarily concerned with the moral issues of the world. True religion lays stress on

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moral virtues. People are required to discharge their duties according to the moral

code of ethics. A true knowledge of ethics would be attained if one practices and

imbibes these moral values. Ethics is of two kinds, individual and social. Individual

ethics is indicative of the good qualities that are essential for individual well-being

and happiness. Social ethics represents the values that are needed for social order

and harmony.

In the knowledge tradition of India, ethics has its origin in its religious and

philosophical thinking. From time immemorial, various religious faiths have flourished

here. Every religious and every philosophical system of India has a prominent ethical

component. Ethics is the core of all these systems. In every religious tradition, good

moral conduct is considered essential for a happy and contented life. Without

following the path of righteousness no one can attain supreme goal (mokṣa) of life.

For this one has to perform good deeds and avoid wrong-doing.

India has a very ancient history of thinking about ethics. Its central concepts are

represented in Ṛgveda, one of oldest knowledge texts not only of India but of the

entire world. In Ṛgveda, we come across the idea of an all-pervading cosmic order

(ṛta) which stands for harmony and balance in nature and in human society. Here ṛta

is described as a power or force which is the controller of the forces of nature and of

moral values in human society. In human society, when this harmony and balance

are disturbed, there is disorder and suffering. This is the power or force that lies

behind nature and keeps everything in balance. In Indian tradition, the concept of ṛta

gave rise to the idea of dharma. The term dharma here does not mean mere religion;

it stands for duty, obligation and righteousness. It is a whole way of life in which

ethical values are considered supreme and everyone is expected to perform his or

her duty according to his or her social position and station in life.

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 In the Hindu way of life, every individual is expected to perform his or her duty

appropriate to his or her caste (varṇa) and stage of life (āśrama). This division of

one’s life into the four āśramas and their respective dharmas, was designed, in

principle at least, to provide fulfilment to the person in his social, moral and spiritual

aspects, and so to lead to harmony and balance in the society. The four āśramas

are: (1) brahmacarya, stage of studentship; (2) gṛhastha, stage of the householder;

(3) vanaprastha, life in the forest; and saṁnyāsa, renunciation.

Apart from this, the concept of four ends of life (puruṣārthas) is also very

important. These four ends of life are the goals which are desirable in them and also

needed for fulfilment of human aspirations. These are (1) righteousness (dharma);

(2) worldly gain (artha); (3) fulfilment of desire; (kāma) and (4) liberation (mokṣa).

The fulfilment of all of these four ends of life is important for man. In this

classification, dharma and mokṣa are most important from the ethical point of view.

They give right direction and purpose to human life. For instance, acquiring wealth

(artha) is a desirable objective, provided however it also serves dharma, that is, the

welfare of the society.

In the Bhagavad-Gītā, selfless action (niśkāma karma) is advocated. It is an

action which is required to be performed without consideration of personal

consequences. It is an altruistic action aimed at the well-being of others rather than

for oneself. In Hinduism this doctrine is known as karma yoga.

The concept of right and wrong is the core of the Mahābhārata which

emphasizes, among others, the values of non-violence, truthfulness, absence of

anger, charity, forgiveness and self realization. It is only by performing one’s

righteous duties or dharma that one can hope to attain the supreme path to the

highest good. It is dharma alone that gives both prosperity (abhyudaya) and the

supreme spiritual good (niśryas).

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 Similarly, the importance of ethics and ethical values is highlighted in epics and

philosophical texts like, Upaniṣads, Rāmāyaṇa, darśana-śāstras and dharma-

śāstras. The darśana śāstras are philosophical texts, which provide rational

explanations of the ethical issues; the universal moral problems faced by man in daily

life are placed in a philosophical context. In the dharma-śāstras, emphasis is on the

social ethics. In these texts the inter-personal and social relations are placed in an

ethical framework for guidance. In these texts the ethical problems are discussed in

an indirect manner.

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FESTIVAL

Introduction to Indian Festivals

Indian culture is filled with rich beliefs and emotions. Festivals are an integral

part of Indian lifestyle. People of India celebrate so many festivals due to the diversity

of Indian society. Few festivals come under restricted category of holidays wherein

the employer may or may not make it a holiday. Festivals are very important to

understand the customs and culture of India. Besides that, people from abroad, make

festivals a part of their travel plan to experience the rich culture and tradition of India.

Religious communities celebrate their own festivals as per their traditions and

beliefs like Christmas, Diwali, Muharram etc. Others are secular festivals with all-

India importance celebrated without any religious barriers like Independence day,

Republic day, birthdays of freedom fighters etc. Also, many festivals are regional in

origin and are celebrated only in a particular region of the country. Secular festivals

or regional festivals are celebrated by the entire nation irrespective of their religion

barriers. Secular festivals are connected with any religion or spirituality.

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List of Festivals of India

State Main Festivals

Modhera Dance Festival, Saptak Music Festival, Kite

Gujarat
Festival, Holi, Navratri

Haryana Baisakhi festival, Surajkund Craft Mela

Majuli festival, Dehing Patkai Festival, Ambubasi festival,

Assam
Bohag Bihu, Baishagu festival

Jharkhand Sarhul, Dansi, Karma, Hal Punhya, Rohin, Bandna

Ladainha, Fontainhas Festival of Art, sunburn festival,

Goa Mando Festival, Ghumot fest, Chikalkalo, Gokul Ashtami, a

feast of St. Francis Xavier

Bihar Bihula, Chhath Puja, Rajgir Dance festival, Madhushravani,

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 Sama Chakeva, Jivitputrika

Madhya
Tejaji Fair, Khajuraho festival
Pradesh

Jammu and Dosmuchey festival, Matho Narang, Gemis Festival, Galdan

Kashmir Namchot

Odisha Konark festival, International sand art festival

Karnataka Pattadakal Dance festival, Gudi Padwa

Kerala Onam, Nishagandhi festival, vaikathashtami festival

Bundi Utsav, Desert festival, Gangaur Festival, Matasya

Rajasthan
festival, Braj festival, Shekhawati festival

Maharashtra Kalidas festival, Chikoo Utsav, Diwali

Tamil Nadu Pongal, Thaipoosam, Jallikattu festival, Natyanjali festival

Telangana Bonalu, Ugadi, Bathukamma, Kothakonda Jatara

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Mizoram ChapcharKut Festival

Nagaland Hornbill Festival, Moatsu festival

Uttar
Kumbh Mela, Ram Leela
Pradesh

Punjab Lohri

Manipur Yaoshang, Chavang Kut, Bihu, Porag

Sikkim Saga Dawa

West Bengal Durga Puja, Nandikar National Theatre festival

Qutub Festival, Bharat Rang mahotsav, Sabrang Utsav,

Delhi
Siffcy, Jahan-e-Khurau

Tripura Kharchi Puja

Arunachal Solung, Losar Festival, Murung, Reh, Mopin, Boori Boot,

Pradesh Monpa festval

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Uttarakhand Ganga Dusshera

Wangala Festival, Ahaia festival, Nongkrem Dance

Meghalaya
Festival, Bob Dylan festival

Andhra Brahmotsavam, Sri Rama Navami, Deccan festival, Ugadi

Pradesh or the Telugu New Year, Dasara, Durga festival

DO’S AND DON’TS

 India’s traditional way of greeting is the warm salutation Vanakkam (Tamil),

Namaste (nah-mah-stay) or the more formal Namaskar (nah-mah-scar). It

means place the palms together and bow slightly, especially when meeting an

older person. Men and women do not typically touch, so avoid shaking hands

unless the person you greet offers first.

 Elders should be treated with marked respect.

 Show patience and refrain from displays of anger.

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 Dress modestly. Women, in particular, should avoid revealing clothing. This

means no sleeveless or low-cut shirts or tank tops, and no shorts. Make sure

your knees are covered.

 “Eve-teasing” is the Indian euphemism of sexual harassment. Essentially, this

means that Indian men openly stare at female tourists, especially if they are

dressed in revealing clothing. To minimize this occurrence, take the normal

precautions such as looking after yourself in crowded, public places and,

again, avoid exposing too much flesh.

 When a person gives a headshake or bobble, tipping the head from side to

side, this often means “yes” or “good.” It is also meant as an encouraging

gesture while listening and means “I understand.”

 Ask permission before take photographs of people or objects. Always ask

first, and if they say “no,” respect it.

 In many Hindu temples, non-Hindus are not allowed to walk inside certain

parts of the temple complex.

 People often give offerings to temple deities such as lotus blossoms and

coconuts, and you may receive a Prasad, typically a small sweet or fruit from

a priest in return (remember to take it with your right hand).

 When visiting temples or entering an Indian home, make sure remove

footwear and hats. Wear dress in a way of conservatively that expresses

respect for the place of worship or household.

 Wash your hands before and after eating.

 Avoid touching people with the left hand, as it is considered unclean and will

cause insult. Keep this in mind and use your right hand when giving or

accepting any object. To use both hands is even more respectful.

41
 Only touch food with the right hand. However, the left hand may be used for

holding utensils, glasses and bowls.

 Feet and shoes are considered dirty. Do not step over a person sitting or lying

on the floor, as it is offensive. Never turn your backside to a religious statue.

 If you accidentally bump someone’s feet with your foot or shoe, quickly

apologize. You can express your apology for the oversight by touching your

forehead or eyes.

 If you are invited by someone to their home, it is customary to bring a small

gift such as a box of sweets.

 Don’t feel offended if you are asked personal questions, such as “How much

do you earn?” “Are you married?” or “Do you have kids?” Questions like these

are considered common conversation.

 Never give money to begging children and women. If you give even a small

coin, many more people will instantly materialize and can aggressively follow

you. In addition, be aware that holy men near temples and sacred rivers may

ask for compensation after tying a dyed red-and-yellow thread around your

wrist and pressing a dot of red turmeric on your forehead.

 Giving out candy and other sweets is particularly damaging, as they

contribute to dental problems, especially in remote villages. Handing out gifts

also creates unrealistic expectations.

LANGUAGE

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Languages In India

India is a very huge country where the is about 22 official recognize languages, their

main language which is used are, Bengali, Hindi, English & Tamil. The Government

of India has awarded distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia,

Sanskrit, Tamil & Telugu. According to the sensors of India 2001, India has 122

major languages 1599 other languages. The difference is primarily from different

dialect used. Below is the table extracted from Wikipedia based on the 2011 Census

of India on the languages used in India.

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Certain languages in India are so ancient, where not many use them & some of the

languages has extinct, due to the modern era, where English has taken over the

world and made the most common language. India in total has 19,569 of mother

tongues.

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 COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the current economy Indian would be the best place to invest in for

business, as the population is very huge & the cost is also low. Furthermore India is

currently number 1 in Information Technology, where they are very well known. The

current total population in India is about 1.3 billion and counting. India would be the

best place to start an international business. Is is a very colourful country where there

is variety of food, different culture, languages. Based on CNN Travel top 10 things

India does better the anyone else is :

1. Barbers

2. Enterprising Street Vendors

3. Old World Train Travel, where this year marks 160 years since the birth of Indian

Railways which carries more then 20 million passengers a day along 65000 km of

track.

4. Notorious Celebrities

5. Accessorizing

6. Comfort Food

7. Gesticulating

8. Obsessive over Cricket

9. Festivals

10. Cities in The Mountains

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 CONCLUSION

To conclude, India would be the country, to be involve with globalization. This would

be good due to it would increase the economy of the country, by job opportunity to

the jobless. The country is huge where there is a lot of potential. To add on it is one

of the country with most culture, where the people from other countries can learn new

culture, which would help lead to a better globalization.

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APPENDIXES

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OFFICIAL FORM OF HOLIDAYS IN INDIA

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A BROCHURE OF INDIA’S LANGUAGES

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STATISTICS OF LANGUAGE SPEAKERS IN INDIA

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 PHOTOS OF CLOTHING STYLE IN INDIA

PATTU PAVADAI LENGHA CHOLI

SAREE DHOTHI

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