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Chapter 3. Plastic Analysis For Structure. B

Plastic analysis is used to determine the load capacity of structures when they yield into their plastic range. It involves determining the plastic hinge locations and mechanisms of the structure. There are two common methods - the static or virtual work method which provides a lower bound capacity, and the kinematic or mechanism method which provides an upper bound. Common structural mechanisms include beam, sway, and combined mechanisms. The shape factor relates the plastic and elastic bending moments of a cross-section and depends on its geometry. Plastic analysis is useful for designing ductile structures and determining their collapse loads.

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979 views36 pages

Chapter 3. Plastic Analysis For Structure. B

Plastic analysis is used to determine the load capacity of structures when they yield into their plastic range. It involves determining the plastic hinge locations and mechanisms of the structure. There are two common methods - the static or virtual work method which provides a lower bound capacity, and the kinematic or mechanism method which provides an upper bound. Common structural mechanisms include beam, sway, and combined mechanisms. The shape factor relates the plastic and elastic bending moments of a cross-section and depends on its geometry. Plastic analysis is useful for designing ductile structures and determining their collapse loads.

Uploaded by

Iyœ Møsisæ
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Chapter - 3

Plastic Analysis for Framed Structures


(Plastic Hinge and Plastic Zone Theory).

Prepared By:- Bereket B.


Reference

Dr.Ing. Girma Zereyohannes:- Advanced Structural design lecture note

Dr. Vaidyanathan and Dr.P Perumal structural analysis book volume II


PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Plastic Analysis of Structures Includes


 Statically Indeterminate Axial Problems
 Beams in Pure Bending
 Plastic Moment Resistance of structures
 Plastic and Elastic Section Modulus of cross section
 Shape Factor
 Load Factor
 Plastic Hinge Theory and Mechanism
 Plastic Analysis of Indeterminate Beams and Frames
 Upper and Lower Bound Theorems
PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
• Material Behavior
 A uniaxial tensile stress on a ductile material such as
mild steel typically provides the following graph of
stress versus strain
PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
• As can be seen, the material can sustain strains far in excess of the strain at which
yield occurs before failure. This property of the material is called its ductility.
• Though complex models do exist to accurately reflect the above real behavior of
the material, the most common, and simplest, model is the idealized stress-strain
curve. This is the curve for an ideal elastic-plastic material (which doesn’t exist),
and the graph is

Struvtural Design
Cross Section Behavior

Cross section and Stresses

Moment-Rotation/curvature/ Curve

Struvtural Design
Stage in Plastic Analysis of structures
 . The basic stage in plastic analysis are
Stage 1 –Elastic Behavior
Stage 2 –Yield Moment
Stage 3 –Elasto-Plastic Bending
Stage 4 –Plastic Bending
Stage 5 –Strain Hardening
I. Analysis of Rectangular Cross Section
Shape Factor Rectangular Beam Section :
Shape Factor:- Thus the ratio of Plastic to Elastic
moment capacity and it is the geometric property
depends on the shape of the cross section

This ratio is termed the shape factor, f, and is a property


of a cross section alone. For a rectangular cross-section,
we have:
Shape factors for some other cross sections are
1. Derive the shape factor for I section and
circular section
I section:
1. Derive the shape factor for I section and
circular section

Circular Section
Methods of Plastic Analysis
There Are two Method for Plastic Analysis
1. Static or Virtual Work Method :- Based on static or lower
bound theorem and load compute from equilibrium bending
moment diagrams. Mp is calculated by this method is less or at
worst is equal to the true value.
This method you discussed before in other courses like
Engineering mechanics statics or theory of structures and strength of
materials.

2. Kinematics or Mechanism Method:- Based on kinematics or


upper bound theorem and the load compute using the assumed
mechanisms. Mp is greater than or equal to the true value

Struvtural Design
Methods of Plastic Analysis
The basic procedures for mechanism method are
1. Locate The Possible Point of Plastic Hinge
2. Determine The Number of Possible Independent Mechanism And
Combined The Mechanism.
𝐧=𝐍 − 𝐫
Where
N = No of Possible Plastic Hinge
r = Redundancy of The Structures

3. Give The Mechanism a Consistent Virtual Displacement and Work


Out the Consistent Displacement and Rotation.
4. Calculate the internal and external work done.
Wext = load * Displacement (Deflection)
Wint = Plastic Moment * Rotation

Struvtural Design
Plastic Analysis of Structures
Type of Mechanism for plastic analysis are.

1. Independent Mechanism:- This Method is Characterized By Both


Plastic and Mechanical Hinge.
• = Plastic Hinge ( Carry Plastic Moment )
o = Mechanical Hinge ( Don’t Carry Bending Moment)

This Method Includes


 Beam Mechanism (Only Beam Deflects)
 Panel or Sway Mechanism (Only Column Deflects, EIB=∞)
 Gable Mechanism (Column Deflects for gable frame)
2. Composite or Combined Mechanism:- This method is a combination of
one or more of the above independent mechanism.
( both columns and beams displaced simultaneously)

Struvtural Design
2. Find the fully plastic moment required for the frame shown
in figure, if all the members have same value of MP.
(Using Plastic Hinge Theory)
• Step 3: Sway Mechanism:

Step 4: Combined Mechanism:


3. A simply supported beam of span 5 m is to be designed for an udl of
25 kN/m. Design a suitable I section using plastic theory, assuming
yield stress in steel as fy = 250 N/mm2.

Solution:
4. Analyses a propped cantilever of length ‘L’ and subjected to uniformly distributed load of
w/m length for the entire span and find the collapse load.
Solution:
Consider the moment at A as redundant and that it
reaches MP. the second hinge will form where the
net positive BM is maximum
5. Determine the shape factor of a T-section beam of flange
dimension 100 x 12 mm and web dimension 138 x 12 mm thick.
6. Determine the collapse load ‘W’ for a three span continuous
beam of constant plastic moment ‘MP’ loaded as shown in figure.

Solution:
Step 4: Mechanism (3):
7. A uniform beam of span 4 m and fully plastic moment MP is simply supported at one
end and rigidly clamped at other end. A concentrated load of 15 kN may be applied
anywhere within the span. Find the smallest value of MP such that collapse would first
occur when the load is in its most un favorable position .
8. A rectangular portal frame of span L and L / 2 is fixed to the ground at both ends
and has a uniform section throughout with its fully plastic moment of resistance
equal to My. It is loaded with a point load W at centre of span as well as a horizontal
force W / 2 at its top right corner. Calculate the value of W at collapse of the frame.
Solution:

Step 2: Beam Mechanism


9. Find the collapse load for the frame shown in figure
Step 4: Sway Mechanism:
Step 5: Combined Mechanism:
10. A continuous beam ABC is loaded as shown in figure. Determine the required
MP if the load factor is 3.2.
END!!!
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION

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