Mathematics in the Modern World – UNIT 4

The Normal Distribution

Mathematics & Physics Department

University of Santo Tomas

Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Xandro Alexi A. Nieto
the Normal Distribution
the Normal Distribution

one of the many probability distributions

Properties of the Normal Distribution

• The mean, median, and mode are all equal.

• The curve is symmetric at the center (i.e.
around the mean, μ).
• Exactly half of the values are to the left of
center and exactly half the values are to the
right.
• Extends on both directions toward infinity
• The total area under the curve is 1.
Properties of the Normal Distribution
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 140 away from the mean?
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 160 away from the mean?
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 50 away from the mean?
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 140 away from the mean?
140 − 100
=2
20
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 160 away from the mean?
160 − 100
=3
20
If asked,
Given that the mean is 100 and
standard deviation is 20,
how many standard deviations
is 50 away from the mean?
50 − 100
= −2.5
20
The Z-score

X − mean
= Z − score
SD
𝐙 − 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞

• the number of standard deviations that X is

away from the mean

• positive z-score: X is above the mean

• negative z-score: X is below the mean
The Z-score

Which is better?
Two equivalent tests were given to a group.
The tests are designed with different scales.
The results are normally distributed and
summarized below. Which is better, a score of
145 in Test I or a score of 60 in Test II?

Test I: Mean = 100 Test II: Mean = 40

St.Dev.= 15 St.Dev.= 5

>?@A>BB CBA?B
Z= >@ =3 Z= =4
@
The Z-score

Which is better?
Juan got 130 in Chemistry and 113 in
Math. If the scores in Chemistry and
Math are normally distributed with
mean of 140 (SD = 5) and
125 (SD = 4), respectively, in what
course did he perform better?

130 − 140 113 − 125

𝑍EFGH = = −2 𝑍HIJF = = −3
5 4
The Z-score

Is a higher z-score
always better?

Higher than the normal level Very low temperature (than the
of glucose. normal) in desert
The Normal Distribution functions
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Page 350 & 351

(Appendix B)
of the textbook.
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟏. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭

Answer: 0.7995

P(Z<0.84) = 0.7995

=NORMDIST(0.84,0,1,TRUE)
18
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟐. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐟𝐭

Answer: 0.1112

P(Z<-1.22) = 0.1112

=NORMDIST(-1.22,0,1,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

𝟑. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭

Answer: 0.0212

P(Z>2.03) = 1 – P(Z<2.03)
= 1 – 0.9788
= 0.0212
=1-NORMDIST(2.03,0,1,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

4. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭

Answer: 0.9251

P(Z>-1.44) = 1 – P(Z< -1.44)

= 1 – 0.0749
= 0.9251
=1-NORMDIST(-1.44,0,1,TRUE)
21
21
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

5. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎

Answer: 0.2518

P(0.56< Z< 1.80) = 0.2518

=NORMDIST(1.80,0,1,TRUE)-NORMDIST(0.56,0,1,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

6. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

23
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

6. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐳 = −𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔

=NORMDIST(1.96,0,1,TRUE)-NORMDIST(-1.96,0,1,TRUE)
Answer: 0.9500

P(-1.96< Z< 1.96)

= P(Z<1.960) – P(Z< -1.96)
= 0.975 – 0.025
= 0.9500 24
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

7. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐙 < 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟒.

Answer: z = -0.36

P(Z< -0.36) = 0.3594

=NORMINV(0.3594,0,1)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

8. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐙 > 𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟎𝟎.

Answer: z = -0.61

P(Z>-0.61) = 0.7300

=NORMINV(1-0.7300, 0 , 1)
26
26
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Examples:

9. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐳 such that 𝐏 𝐳𝟏 < 𝐙 < 𝐳𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎.

Answer: z1 = -1.645 & z2 = 1.645

P(-1.645<Z<1.645) = 0.9000

For z1: =NORMINV(0.05,0,1)

27

For z2: =NORMINV(0.95,0,1) 27

Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of
babies are normally distributed,
with a mean weight of 3.3 Kg and
standard deviation of 0.6 Kg.
What is the probability that a
randomly selected baby has a
birthweight of:

a) less than 3.0 Kg X − μ 3.0 − μ X − μ 3.0 − 3.3

P X < 3.0 = P < =P <
σ σ σ 0.6
= P Z < −0.5
=NORMDIST(3,3.3,0.6,TRUE) = 0.3085
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of
babies are normally distributed,
with a mean weight of 3.3 Kg and
standard deviation of 0.6 Kg.
What is the probability that a
randomly selected baby has a
birthweight of:

b) more than 4.2 Kg X − μ 4.2 − 3.3

P X > 4.2 = P > = P Z > 1.50
σ 0.6
= 0.0668
=1-NORMDIST(4.2,3.3,0.6,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Suppose that the weights of
babies are normally distributed,
with a mean weight of 3.3 Kg and
standard deviation of 0.6 Kg.
What is the probability that a
randomly selected baby has a
birthweight of:

c) between than 2.85 and 3.9 Kg

=NORMDIST(3.9,3.3,0.6,TRUE) – NORMDIST(2.85,3.3,0.6,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
c) between than 2.85 and 3.9 Kg
2.85 − 3.3 X − μ 3.9 − 3.3
P 2.85 < X < 3.9 = P < <
0.6 σ 0.6
= P −0.75 < Z < 1.00
= 0.6147
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
The National Medical Admission Test
(NMAT) are scores reported in
standard form, called the General
Performance Score (GPS), and have a
range of 200 to 800, based from the
norm group with mean of 500, and What the percentile rank of the
standard deviation of 100. It was examinee who got a score of 710?
stated, “A GPS score of 539 has a
percentile rank of 65, indicating that P X < 710 = P Z < 2.10
the score belongs to the upper 35% = 0.982 or 98.2%
while 65% of the norm group scored
lower.” =NORMDIST(710, 500,100,TRUE)
Area Under the Normal Distribution

Word Problems:
The National Medical Admission Test
(NMAT) are scores reported in
standard form, called the General
Performance Score (GPS), and have a
range of 200 to 800, based from the
norm group with mean of 500, and If the percentile of the examinee is 97%,
standard deviation of 100. It was what is his GPS?
stated, “A GPS score of 539 has a P X < x = 0.97
percentile rank of 65, indicating that P 𝑍 < 𝑧 = 0.97
the score belongs to the upper 35% P(X<688.08) = 0.97
while 65% of the norm group scored
lower.” =NORMINV(0.97, 500,100)
END OF UNIT 4.3