String, Scanner and

JOptionPane class

Lecture 6
Based on Slides of Dr. Norazah Yusof

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The String Class
 Java has no primitive data type that holds a series of
characters.
 The String class from the Java standard library is
used for this purpose.
 In order to be useful, the a variable must be created
to reference a String object.
String name;
 Notice the S in String is upper case.
 By convention, class names should always begin with
an upper case character.

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String Objects
 A variable can be assigned a String literal.
String ucapan1 = “Selamat”;
 Strings are the only objects that can be created in
this way.
 A variable can be created using the new keyword.
String ucapan2 = new String(“Sejahtera”);
 This is the method that all other objects must use
when they are created.

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 String Objects
 Example:
public class StringDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String ucapan1 = "Selamat";
String ucapan2 = new String("Sejahtera");

System.out.print(ucapan1+" ");
System.out.println(ucapan2);
}
}

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 Reference Variables
 Objects are not stored in variables, however. Objects
are referenced by variables.
 When a variable references an object, it contains the
memory address of the object’s location.
 Then it is said that the variable references the object.
String cityName = "Johor Bahru";
The object that contains the
character string “Johor Bahru”

cityName Address to the object Johor Bahru

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The String Methods
 Since String is a class, objects that are
instances of it have methods.
 One of those methods is the length method.
int stringSize;
stringSize = value.length();
 This statement runs the length method on
the object pointed to by the value variable.

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 The String Method: length()
 Example:
public class StringDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String ucapan = "Selamat Datang";
String nama = "Farhana";
int saizRentetan;
saizRentetan = ucapan.length();
System.out.println("Panjang "+ucapan+" ialah "
+saizRentetan+" perkataan.");
saizRentetan = nama.length();
System.out.println("Panjang "+nama+" ialah "
+saizRentetan+" perkataan.");
}
}

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String Methods
 The String class contains many methods
that help with the manipulation of String
objects.
 String objects are immutable, meaning that
they cannot be changed.
 Many of the methods of a String object can
create new versions of the object.
See example: StringMethods.java

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 The String Method: toLowerCase(),
toUpperCase() and charAt()
 Example:
public class StringDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String tempat = "Johor Bahru";
String upper = tempat.toUpperCase();
String lower = tempat.toLowerCase();
char huruf = tempat.charAt(2);
int saizRentetan = tempat.length();

System.out.println(tempat);
System.out.println(upper);
System.out.println(lower);
System.out.println(huruf);
System.out.println(saizRentetan);
}
} 9
The Scanner Class
 To read input from the keyboard we can use the
Scanner class.
 The Scanner class is defined in java.util, so we
will use the following statement at the top of our
programs:

import java.util.Scanner;

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The Scanner Class
 Scanner objects work with System.in
 To create a Scanner object:
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner (System.in);
 Based on Java API, list the Scanner class
methods?

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The JOptionPane Class
 The JOptionPane class is not automatically
available to your Java programs.
 The following statement must be before the
program’s class header:
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 This statement tells the compiler where to find
the JOptionPane class.

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 The JOptionPane Class
The JOptionPane class provides methods to
display each type of dialog box.

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 Message Dialogs
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog method is
used to display a message dialog.
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Hello World");

 The first argument will be discussed in Chapter 7.

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Input Dialogs
 An input dialog is a quick and simple way to
ask the user to enter data.
 The dialog displays a text field, an Ok button
and a Cancel button.
 If Ok is pressed, the dialog returns the user’s
input.
 If Cancel is pressed, the dialog returns null.

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 Input Dialogs
String name;
name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter your name.");
 The argument passed to the method is the message to display.
 If the user clicks on the OK button, name references the string
entered by the user.
 If the user clicks on the Cancel button, name references null.

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The System.exit Method
 A program that uses JOptionPane does not
automatically stop executing when the end of
the main method is reached.
 Java generates a thread, which is a process
running in the computer, when a
JOptionPane is created.
 If the System.exit method is not called,
this thread continues to execute.

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The System.exit Method
 The System.exit method requires an integer
argument.
System.exit(0);
 This argument is an exit code that is passed back to
the operating system.
 This code is usually ignored, however, it can be used
outside the program:
 to indicate whether the program ended successfully or
as the result of a failure.
 The value 0 traditionally indicates that the program
ended successfully.

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 Converting a String to a Number
 The JOptionPane’s showInputDialog
method always returns the user's input as a
String
 A String containing a number, such as
“127.89” can be converted to a numeric data
type.

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The Parse Methods
 Each of the numeric wrapper classes, (covered in
Chapter 10) has a method that converts a string to a
number.
 The Integer class has a method that converts a
string to an int,
 The Double class has a method that converts a string
to a double, and
 etc.
 These methods are known as parse methods
because their names begin with the word “parse.”

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The Parse Methods
// Store 1 in bVar.
byte bVar = Byte.parseByte("1");

// Store 2599 in iVar.

// Store 10 in sVar.
short sVar = Short.parseShort("10");

// Store 15908 in lVar.

// Store 12.3 in fVar.

// Store 7945.6 in dVar.

int number;
String str;
str =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter a number.");
number = Integer.parseInt(str);

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Reading a double with an Input
Dialog

double price;
String str;
str =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
"Enter the retail price.");
price =
Double.parseDouble(str);

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