Case 1:19-cr-10080-NMG Document 834 Filed 02/07/20 Page 1 of 12

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA )

)
v. ) Criminal No.: 19-10080-NMG
)
DAVID SIDOO, et al., )
)
Defendants. )

GOVERNMENT’S CONSOLIDATED SUR-REPLY

IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANTS’ MOTIONS TO COMPEL

The defendants’ reply briefs make three principal assertions: first, that the government’s

recent disclosures were late; second, that the government is withholding exculpatory evidence; and

third, that the government should be ordered to disclose the complete FBI-302 reports of its witness

interviews. These claims are without merit.

First, the defendants complain that the government’s January 28 disclosures should have

been made earlier – McGlashan, for example, contends the information should have been disclosed

within 28 days of his arraignment last spring, Dkt. 806 at 2 (“McGlashan Br.”), and Loughlin and

Giannulli assert that it was disclosed at “the eleventh hour,” Dkt 807 at 3 (“Giannulli Br.”) – are

baseless because the interviews were not conducted until recently. 1 The government’s disclosures

of statements by Rick Singer, for example, were largely based on an interview conducted in

December. That is why, in its response brief, the government alerted the Court and the parties that

it anticipated “making supplemental disclosures to the defendants in the next few days after this

1
It is, of course, not the “eleventh hour.” No trial date has been set in this case. But if
Loughlin and Giannulli believe their contention, it begs the question why they have not made any
Rule 16 disclosures, and why they should not therefore be precluded from introducing any items
as part of their case-in-chief that they have not disclosed.
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brief is filed concerning the most recent interview reports.” Dkt. 736 at 2 (“Gov’t Br.”). The

government has broad powers, but they do not include mental telepathy or time travel. The

government cannot disclose witness statements before the witnesses make them.

Second, the defendants demand that the government “cease withholding critical evidence”

(Giannulli Br. at 4), and contend that the government “still [has] not made any clear statement

regarding what they might have beyond the 302s that has [sic] not been produced” (McGlashan

Br. at 10). Putting aside for the moment that the government is under no obligation to itemize what

it has not produced, the government has, in fact, made precisely such a disclosure. As set forth in

its response brief, the government “has produced e-mails, financial records, audio recordings, and

other documentary evidence in its possession, custody or control pertaining to each of the

categories of information the defendants seek. The government has not withheld any such evidence

based on its disagreement about the merits of the defendants’ requests.” (Gov’t Br. at 3-4). In

addition, the government has, in a demonstration of its good faith, provided FBI-302 reports of

witness interviews to the Court, together with the related disclosures, for in camera review. These

disclosures make clear that the government is not withholding exculpatory evidence. While the

defendants may, understandably, be upset about the lack of exculpatory evidence, the absence of

such evidence is a result of their criminal conduct, not any government disclosure violations. 2

Third, as the government has noted, the instant dispute boils down to the defendants’

demand for the FBI-302 reports in their entirety. But the defendants are simply not entitled to those

2
The defendants complain that “the Government’s view of the evidence determines what
is Brady.” (McGlashan Br. at 5). Their gripe is with the law, not the government. As the Supreme
Court has made clear, “[t]he government is primarily responsible for deciding what evidence it
must disclose to the defendant under Brady.” United States v. Prochilo, 629 F3d 264, 268 (1st Cir.
2011) (citing Pennsylvania v. Ritchie, 480 U.S. 39, 59–60 (1987)).

2
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reports at this time. The rules concerning the disclosure of impeachment information and Jencks

material are clear. Calling such material “Brady” does not make it so. This case presents no basis

to depart from the well-established procedures that govern every criminal case, notwithstanding

the defense’s histrionic briefs that appear to be written for an audience other than the Court. While

the government may, in the interests of efficiency, disclose impeachment materials earlier than is

required under the Local Rules, the defendants’ request for Court intervention is without merit and

should be denied.

The government briefly addresses the defendants’ specific requests in turn.

Lori Loughlin and Mossimo Giannulli

1. Singer’s “Full Statements” About Loughlin’s and Giannulli’s Payments

Loughlin and Giannulli demand that the government disclose Singer’s “full statements”

about “the nature of their payments.” (Giannulli Br. at 9-10, 17).

As previously noted, the government has disclosed all communications in its possession,

custody and control between or among Singer, Loughlin and Giannulli, as well as summaries of

what Singer told government investigators about what he recalled about his communications with

Loughlin and Giannulli concerning their payments. Counsel for Giannulli and Loughlin complain

that “the Government has offered no justification for providing a prosecutor’s sanitized

characterization of the 302 Reports rather than the actual Reports and accompanying notes from

the interviewers themselves.” (Id. at 12). But the defendants’ characterization of the government’s

disclosure as “sanitized” is baseless and untrue, and “the Government is under no legal obligation

to explain why it chose to summarize the statements at issue rather than produce the notes and FBI

302s.” United States v. Collins, 409 F. Supp. 3d 228, 244–45 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) (“Defendants do

not cite case law that supports their argument that the Government is required to produce primary

3
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materials containing exculpatory statements in order to meet its Brady obligation. This is not

surprising because such disclosure is not legally required. . . .”). 3

To the extent the defendants seek Singer’s statements to other, uncharged parents

concerning “their admissions-related donations” (Giannulli Br. at 7), the government has, as noted,

provided the actual communications in its possession, custody or control. That said, the defendants

correctly note that the government has not disclosed the substance of Singer’s statements to

investigators about what he told other, uncharged parents. That is because those statements are not

exculpatory as to these defendants. 4 The defendants’ contention that, if “Singer did in fact tell

some clients that their admissions-related donations were legitimate,” that would “corroborate[]

Defendants’ lack of fraudulent intent” is farcical. (Id.). Communications the defendants did not

know about cannot be “quintessential Brady,” as they contend, because those communications are

not evidence of the defendants’ state of mind and could not have shaped their intent. Indeed, unlike

co-conspirator statements, they are not even admissible. 5 (Id.).

2. USC’s Knowledge of Admissions-Related Donations

Loughlin and Giannulli also seek all information concerning “USC’s knowledge about

Singer and his operation.” As the government has noted, it has disclosed all documents and

communications relevant to its investigation that it obtained from USC, including all documents

3
See also, e.g., United States v. Mavashev, 2010 WL 670083, at *1-*3 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 23,
2010) (rejecting defense request for witness statements where government produced summaries of
favorable information witnesses provided); United States v. Henderson, 250 Fed. Appx. 34, 38-39
(5th Cir. 2007) (approving government’s disclosure of information by letter).
4
To the extent such evidence constitutes Jencks or impeachment material, the government
will disclose it as such in accordance with the Local Rules.
5
Moreover, to the extent Singer described his scheme to an uncharged parent as “not
improper,” such communications simply highlight the inculpatory nature of his communications
with Giannulli and Loughlin.

4
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related to Loughlin, Giannulli or Singer. The government has also reviewed FBI 302 reports of its

witness interviews, but – with the notable exception of cooperating witnesses who were members

of the charged conspiracy – has not interviewed any USC witness who was aware of Singer’s

scheme to facilitate the admission of his clients’ children as purported athletic recruits, in exchange

for money. No witness has suggested that USC condoned this scheme, tacitly or otherwise. Nor is

the government in possession of any evidence suggesting that anyone at USC, save Heinel, was

aware the Giannulli children were admitted in exchange for money, or that they were not the

athletes they purported to be. 6

Moreover, the evidence the government has already disclosed explains the absence of such

information. For example, Heinel took steps to make sure that payments from Singer could not be

traced to the admission of any student. See Ex. A at 3 (Oct. 5, 2018 call in which Heinel instructed

Singer to delay having side door families send her the $50,000 checks because she did not want

the money “so close” to the time of the applicant’s admission). Likewise, to the extent that Heinel

apprised the Dean of Admissions about legitimate donations by the families of applicants, she

specifically did not do so with respect to the payments by Loughlin and Giannulli. See Ex. B

(presentation of Giannullis’ younger daughter to athletics subcommittee with no reference to

“donations”). Similarly, to the extent that Singer, through his purported charity, made payments to

Heinel’s accounts at USC, he typically did so through cashier’s checks. See Ex. C (examples of

cashiers checks).

6
Singer himself has advised the government that he hid the scheme from USC’s athletic
director, and that he was not aware of anyone at the university, besides Heinel and the other co-
conspirators, who knew about it.

5
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William McGlashan Jr.

1. Evidence of McGlashan’s Knowledge

McGlashan seeks evidence “reflecting what and how much he knew” about the

standardized test cheating and the USC “side door” recruitment, including whether his co-

conspirators deceived or were forthcoming with him. 7 (McGlashan Br. at 8). Evidence that he was

deceived, McGlashan contends, should be produced as exculpatory, while evidence that he was

not deceived should be produced as pursuant to Rule 16(a)(1)(E)(i) as “material to the preparation

of the defense.”

Like Loughlin and Giannulli, what McGlashan really seeks are witness statements,

inasmuch as the government has already produced all of his all recorded telephone calls, e-mails

and text messages with Singer. The government has also reviewed the FBI 302 reports of

interviews with Singer and Mark Riddell and produced any statements in those reports reflecting

McGlashan’s lack of knowledge of the scheme, as well as any statements Singer and Riddell have

made concerning whether his son had a legitimate learning disability. 8 While McGlashan may,

understandably, be disappointed that this disclosure was limited, that fact is attributable to the

absence of exculpatory evidence, not any failure to disclosure it.

To the extent that McGlashan seeks inculpatory witness statements, he is not now entitled

to them. McGlashan continues to insist that he is entitled to such statements under Rule 16 as

evidence “material” to his defense, citing a 2007 decision by then-Magistrate Judge Sorokin. In a

7
McGlashan refers to two “schemes” but he is, in fact, charged with a single scheme, albeit
one that was committed in multiple ways and had multiple victims.
8
The government has also produced evidence obtained from McGlashan’s school and a
doctor regarding his son’s learning disability. Further, although not exculpatory, Riddell has told
the government that he did not believe that McGlashan’s son had a learning disability.

6
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later case, however, Judge Sorokin acknowledged that his earlier conclusion does not apply to

Jencks Act material, because FED. R. CRIM. P. 16(a)(2), specifically “exclude[s] Jencks Act

Information from its reach.” United States v. O’Brien, 2013 WL 1057929, at *9 (D. Mass. Mar. 13,

2013); see also FED. R. CRIM. P. 16(a)(2) (rule does not authorize the “discovery or inspection of

statements made by prospective government witnesses except as provided by” the Jencks Act, and

does not authorize the inspection of government reports or memoranda except as permitted by

subsections concerning statements of the defendant and expert witnesses); see also United States

v. Nelson-Rodriguez, 319 F.3d 12, 37 (1st Cir. 2003) (holding that the Jencks Act does not require

government to disclose FBI 302 reports until after witness’s testimony on direct examination).

Tellingly absent from the “exceptions” set forth in Rule 16(a)(2) is Rule 16(a)(1)(E)(i)—the

provision concerning items “material to preparing the defense.” McGlashan’s effort to render the

Jencks Act meaningless is at odds with the plain language of Rule 16 and should be rejected.

2. Evidence that McGlashan Did Not Participate in the “Side Door”

McGlashan next seeks evidence “reflecting the fact that he did not participate in the side

door scheme for which he is charged.” (McGlashan Br. at 11). The government has already

disclosed the substance of Singer’s statements to investigators concerning McGlashan’s intent to

participate in the side door. There is nothing additional to disclose at this time.

3. Evidence Relevant to an Entrapment Defense

McGlashan complains that the government’s disclosures concerning when Singer began

cooperating and when “Singer first suspected that he was being investigated” are insufficient.

(McGlashan Br. at 13). Once again, however, there is nothing more to disclose. As the government

has noted, Singer was first approached by investigators on September 21, 2018, and the

7
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government has no information suggesting that he was aware of the government’s investigation

prior to that date.

4. Evidence that USC Was Not the Victim of Fraud

Like Loughlin and Giannulli, McGlashan seeks evidence “showing that USC was familiar

with Singer and his method of getting students admitted to USC (or that McGlashan believed as

much).” (McGlashan Br. at 13). As set forth above, the government has no evidence that USC was

aware of or condoned Singer’s scheme, or of McGlashan’s effort to secure his son’s admission to

the university as a purported football recruit in exchange for money.

5. Grand Jury Transcripts

McGlashan, in his reply, appears to abandon his request for grand jury transcripts, and

instead now seeks in camera review of those transcripts on the grounds that the evidence presented

to the grand jury was somehow “inaccurate.” McGlashan offers nothing new in support of this

request, and he does not identify a single inaccuracy in the Fourth Superseding Indictment. 9

Accordingly, McGlashan falls far short of meeting his heavy burden of showing a “particularized

need” or “compelling necessity” warranting such review. See United States v. Capozzi, 486 F.3d

711, 727 (1st Cir. 2007) (“[T]he indispensable secrecy of grand jury proceedings must not be

broken except where there is compelling necessity” and “[t]he burden of showing particularized

need rests squarely on the defendant.”).

9
Contrary to McGlashan’s contention, the Fourth Superseding Indictment correctly sets
forth the date on which the ACT sent the fraudulently obtained score to Northeastern University.
See FSI ¶¶ 200 and 376. While the Northeastern application itself, which contained the ACT score,
was sent on October 22, 2018 – the date McGlashan cites – the ACT released the score directly to
Northeastern via wire on October 24, 2018. See Ex. D (ACT Internet reporting date for
Northeastern (school 1880) was in cycle 81330 for McGlashan, which was Oct. 24, 2018).

8
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John Wilson

1. Singer’s Description of His Practices to Parents

Like Loughlin and Giannulli, Wilson seeks “evidence that Singer assured his clients that

their donations were lawful and were welcomed by the recipient institutions,” which Wilson

contends “directly negates the existence of the required element of bad intent.” (Wilson Br. at 4).

Once again, Wilson’s demand is for a witness statement, because the government has already

produced every communication in its possession, custody, or control between Singer and a parent

or client regarding his scheme. But Wilson is not entitled to such witness statements because they

are not exculpatory. While Singer’s statements assuring clients that their donations were lawful

might arguably be exculpatory as to the parents to whom Singer provided such assurances, they

are assuredly not exculpatory as to Wilson, who received no such assurances (and who falsely

deducted his payments from his taxes as purported business consulting expenses, supported by

falsified invoices). Nor is the fact that the government has charged a “nationwide conspiracy”

relevant to this analysis. (Id. at 5). The government has not alleged that all of Singer’s clients were

members of that conspiracy. And even exculpatory statements to other alleged co-conspirators

would not “undermine the overall conspiracy,” as Wilson contends, unless they were made (or

known) to every alleged member of the conspiracy, thereby negating its existence. That is not the

case.

2. Singer’s Referral Sources

As Wilson acknowledges, the government has disclosed to Wilson that it was his long-time

accountant who introduced him to Singer. Wilson complains that the disclosure should have been

9
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made “many months ago.” In contrast to Wilson, however, the government was not in possession

of the information many months ago.

3. Colleges’ Attitudes Towards Fundraising from Applicants

Wilson’s contention that evidence concerning USC’s “ordinary” fundraising practices

“contradicts the government’s theory that USC was defrauded into admitting Wilson’s son” is

untrue. (Id. at 6). To the contrary, information about the legitimate fundraising practices of USC

and other schools is inculpatory as to Wilson and the other defendants because it highlights the

illegality of their end-run around the legitimate development and admissions process. Likewise,

Wilson’s contention that his “payment was a donation by all commonsensical and precedent-based

definitions of that word,” is perplexing, since Wilson went to great lengths to deduct that payment

from his taxes as a business expense, a scheme Wilson himself described as “Awesome.” 10 (Id.)

See Dkt. 736-1 at 219 and 221. Notwithstanding its disagreement that this information has any

exculpatory value, however, the government will disclose to the defendants the substance of

witness statements concerning the role of donations in the admissions process.

4. Singer’s Concealment of Misrepresentations to Colleges

Wilson inaccurately describes the government’s disclosure concerning his knowledge of

the falsehoods on his son’s USC application. What the government disclosed is that Singer, in a

recent interview, did not initially recall whether, six years ago, Wilson was aware of falsehoods in

his son’s application, but later did recall, after refreshing his recollection by reviewing his e-mail

correspondence, that Wilson was aware of those falsehoods. The government has no other

10
Ultimately, $120,000 was deducted as a business consulting expense and the remaining
$100,000 was deducted as a charitable payment to Singer’s KWF. See Dkt. 736-1 at 223-26.

10
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evidence suggesting that Wilson was unaware of the falsehoods in his son’s application. To the

contrary, the evidence is that Singer sent Wilson the water polo profile, which contained falsities.

Wilson still presents no argument for why evidence of what Singer did for other individuals

is material or exculpatory as to Wilson. It is not, and Wilson is not entitled to additional disclosures

on this subject.

5. Singer’s Embezzlement from His Clients

The government has produced all bank records in its possession, custody or control

showing how the money Singer received was disbursed, as well as charts tracking the money flow.

To the extent that Singer (or anyone else) has suggested in interviews that Singer stole money from

his clients, that information will be disclosed as impeachment material pursuant to the Local Rules.

6. Singer’s Obstruction and Government Instructions

Wilson presents no argument as to why instructions to a cooperating witness are

exculpatory, or why scripting a cooperator’s conversations is relevant to a defendant’s state of

mind when the defendant does not know that the conversation has been scripted. To the extent that

Singer failed to follow the government’s instructions, however, the government will disclose the

relevant evidence pursuant to Giglio and the Local Rules. 11

11
Wilson is, in any event, already in possession of the information about Singer’s
obstruction. During Singer’s plea colloquy, he explained to Judge Zobel that he received
instructions from investigators “that I could not tip anybody or couldn’t talk to anybody about
things,” but that he did not follow those instructions and instead alerted certain clients to the
government’s investigation. See Singer’s March 12, 2019 Rule 11 colloquy at 28-29.

11
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CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the defendants’ motions should be denied.

Respectfully submitted,

ANDREW E. LELLING
United States Attorney

By: /s/ Eric S. Rosen

ERIC S. ROSEN
JUSTIN D. O’CONNELL
LESLIE A. WRIGHT
KRISTEN A. KEARNEY
Date: February 7, 2020 Assistant United States Attorneys

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that this document filed through the ECF system will be sent electronically
to the registered participants as identified on the Notice of Electronic Filing (NEF) on February 7,
2020.

By: /s/ Eric S. Rosen

ERIC S. ROSEN
Assistant United States Attorney

12
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2018-10-05 14-54-46 09593-001 Page 1

1 Call Date: 2018-10-05

2 Call Duration: 2:21

3 Call Begin [ ] Call End [ ]

4 Call Participants:

5 Rick Singer

6 Donna Heinel

7 File Name: 2018-10-05 14-54-46 09593-001

8 Bates No.:

10 HEINEL: [00:00] USC, this is Donna.

11 SINGER: Donna, it’s Rick Singer, how are you?

12 HEINEL: Good, how are you doing, Rick?

13 SINGER: Good, I was just calling --

14 HEINEL: Excellent.

15 SINGER: Calling back about, uh, I’m in Boston today so I

16 just, uh, I wanted to catch you before I jump on a plane

17 coming back west.

18 HEINEL: No problem, uh.

19 SINGER: How did subco go?

20 HEINEL: Good, very good, uh, (sp?) was fine and so is

21 (sp?).

22 SINGER: Wow, both of them, OK.

23 HEINEL: Yeah (inaudible).

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2018-10-05 14-54-46 09593-001 Page 2

1 SINGER: That’s awesome. By your message I was like, “Whoa.”

2 OK.

3 HEINEL: Yeah. Uh, was a little harder.

4 SINGER: OK.

5 HEINEL: You know, you know, we, uh (inaudible) 9 was tough

6 but, uh, her test scores, I -- we really did the thing

7 about the LD, uh.

8 SINGER: OK.

9 HEINEL: And the fact that [01:00] she, you know, had that

10 with the -- with the test scores.

11 SINGER: Right.

12 HEINEL: Uh, you know, she still needs to -- to finish

13 (inaudible).

14 SINGER: Her (inaudible).

15 HEINEL: She needs, uh, you know, basically Bs, nothing lower

16 than a 3 point, try to get Bs as (inaudible).

17 SINGER: Got it, no problem.

18 HEINEL: Now I just don’t want to -- are you going to tell

19 the family? Or, uh, I just want to make sure --

20 SINGER: I can hold.

21 HEINEL: Yeah, I just want to make sure that, uh, you know,

22 that doesn’t get out (inaudible).

23 SINGER: Got it.

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2018-10-05 14-54-46 09593-001 Page 3

1 HEINEL: Uh, I’m always worried about those counselor, you

2 know, the (inaudible).

3 SINGER: Uh, no, absolutely. Totally (inaudible) we already

4 -- we already dealt with that, absolutely.

5 HEINEL: Yeah, but, you know.

6 SINGER: Absolutely.

7 HEINEL: (inaudible) they’re -- they’re both recognized,

8 right, as indoor (inaudible).

9 SINGER: Uh, uh, absolutely. Yes.

10 HEINEL: Yeah.

11 SINGER: And is -- is -- wants to be on the

12 team and she’s good enough --

13 HEINEL: (inaudible).

14 SINGER: Uh, she could pl-- she -- she’d be a good practice

15 player for the team no doubt about it.

16 HEINEL: OK, uh, like I said I can’t guarantee that.

17 SINGER: No, I got it.

18 HEINEL: (inaudible) so OK, cool (inaudible).

19 SINGER: And what do you want w-- do you want -- are you

20 going to send me the letter and do you want me to then --

21 then I’ll [02:00] get them to forward the 50K? Or do you

22 -- tell me what you want me --

23 HEINEL: (inaudible) yeah, just -- let’s hold on that right

24 now. I don’t like to do it like so close.

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2018-10-05 14-54-46 09593-001 Page 4

1 SINGER: Got it.

2 HEINEL: You know.

3 SINGER: No, no, I get it, I get you.

4 HEINEL: So we can -- we can wait a little while on that but

5 I -- I’ll (inaudible).

6 SINGER: OK, uh, just let me know.

7 HEINEL: All right, I appreciate it, thanks.

8 SINGER: You’re the best. Have a great weekend. Thanks.

9 HEINEL: (inaudible).

10 SINGER: OK.

11 HEINEL: (inaudible). [02:21]

12

13 END OF AUDIO FILE

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