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Block Diagram

The document discusses the major components and functions of a computer system. It describes the input, storage, processing, output and control functions. It then explains the arithmetic logical unit, control unit and central processing unit which work together to perform operations.

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Yukta Ahuja
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50 views3 pages

Block Diagram

The document discusses the major components and functions of a computer system. It describes the input, storage, processing, output and control functions. It then explains the arithmetic logical unit, control unit and central processing unit which work together to perform operations.

Uploaded by

Yukta Ahuja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Block Diagram of Computer and Explain

its Various Components

A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly
complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown in Fig. performs
basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and
make. These are

1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,


2) it stores data,
3) it can process data as required by the user,
4) it gives results in the form of output, and
5) it controls all operations inside a computer.

We discuss below each of these Computer operation

1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system.
You should know that computer is an electronic machine like any other machine which
takes as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out processed data.
Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for
processing.
2. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as
storage. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It is
because the processing speed of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data
has to be provided to CPU with the same speed. Therefore the data is first stored in the
storage unit for faster access and processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of
the computer system is designed to do the above functionality. It provides space for
storing data and instructions.

The storage unit performs the following major functions:

• All data and instructions are stored here before and after processing.

• Intermediate results of processing are also stored here.

3. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations
is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions
from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given
and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit.

4. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful
information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also
be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given to you in human readable
form. Again the output is also stored inside the computer for further processing.

5. Control: The manner how instructions are executed and the above operations are
performed. Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed
by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the
computer.

FUNCTIONAL UNITS

In order to carry out the operations mentioned in the previous section the computer
allocates the task between its various functional units. The computer system is divided
into three separate units for its operation. They are
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)

Logical Unit :After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary
storage unit. The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by
Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU
from storage unit when required. After processing the output is returned back to storage
unit for further processing or getting stored.

Control Unit (CU)

The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor
seeing that things are done in proper fashion. Control Unit is responsible for co
ordinating various operations using time signal. The control unit determines the
sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. Things like
processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions
and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a
switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby
it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the
input and output.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing
unit. You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. It is just like brain that
takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of calculations and directs different parts of
the computer functions by activating and controlling the operations.

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