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10 Random Sampling

Simple random sampling is a technique where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. To select a sample of 286 students using simple random sampling, assign each student a number, write the numbers on pieces of paper, put them in a bowl and randomly pick out 286 pieces. Systematic sampling selects elements at regular intervals from a randomly arranged sampling frame. Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups and randomly selects samples from each subgroup proportionate to its size. Cluster sampling randomly selects entire clusters rather than individual elements from the population.

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2K views23 pages

10 Random Sampling

Simple random sampling is a technique where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. To select a sample of 286 students using simple random sampling, assign each student a number, write the numbers on pieces of paper, put them in a bowl and randomly pick out 286 pieces. Systematic sampling selects elements at regular intervals from a randomly arranged sampling frame. Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups and randomly selects samples from each subgroup proportionate to its size. Cluster sampling randomly selects entire clusters rather than individual elements from the population.

Uploaded by

Mariel Ana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM

SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
A simple random sampling is a sampling
technique in which every element of the
population has the same probability of
being selected for inclusion in the
sample.
Ex.1 A researcher wants to study the effects of
social media on Grade 11 students in Manila
Mathematics High School. He wishes to use the
simple random sampling technique in choosing
the members of his sample. If there are 1,000
Grade 11 students in the school, how many
students should there be in his sample? Discuss
the steps he must take if he wishes to use the
lottery method.
Step 1. Determine the
number of students that
should be in the sample.
Use the Slovin’s Formula:
𝑵
𝒏= 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏 + 𝑵𝒆𝟐 𝐧=
n=number of samples 𝟏 + (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟐
needed
N=population size n=285.7 or 286
e=margin of error
(for the margin of error, use
5%)
Step 2. Assign a number to each member
of the population. In this problem, assign a
number to each of the 1,000 students.

Step 3. write the numbers on pieces of


paper with the same size and shape. Fold
the pieces of paper.
Step 4. Put all the folded pieces of
paper in a bowl or box.

Step 5. Without looking, pick out 286


folded pieces from the bowl or box.
Ex.2 A Grade 11 students wants to make a
study on the opinions of Grade 8 students
concerning the use of the Filipino language
in the teaching of Mathematics. There are
510 Grade 8 students in the school where
the study is to be conducted. If you were
the student, how are you going to do it by
using a Table of Random of Numbers.
Step 1. Multiply 510 by 10% to obtain
the members of the sample.
𝟓𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎% = 𝟓𝟏
The number of students is a three-digit
number; therefore, assign a three-digit
number to each of the 510 students.
Step 2. Randomly select a starting number
from the table. If the table of random
numbers contains 5-digit numbers,
consider only the last 3 digits, since the
total number of students in the study is 510
which is a three-digit number. Move down
columns selecting the appropriate
number.
Illustration:
52467 – 1 (1st member of the sample)
16386 – 2 (2nd member of the sample)
14534 – (omit since 𝟓𝟑𝟒 > 𝟓𝟏𝟎)
23610 – (omit since 𝟔𝟏𝟎 > 𝟓𝟏𝟎)
45217 – 3 (3rd member of the sample)
Continue doing this until 51 students are
selected. If there are no numbers left in the first
column, move to the 2nd column.
You can create your own Table of Random
Numbers using a random number generator.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
A systematic sampling is a random
sampling technique in which a list of
elements of the population is used as a
sampling frame and the elements to
be included in the desired sample are
selected by skipping through the list at
regular intervals.
𝑵
𝒌=
𝒏

k = sample interval
N = population size
n = sample size
Ex.3 In a group of 250 students, how will you select a
sample containing 71 students using the systematic
sample technique.
Step 1. Prepare a sampling frame by randomly
arranging the 250 students.
Step 2. Assign each students a number from 1 to 250.
Step 3. Find the sampling interval k.
𝑵
𝒌=
𝒏
𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝒌=
𝟕𝟏
K=3.52 or 4
Step 4. Select a number from the whole
numbers 0 and k+1 by simple random
technique. The numbers that are between 0
and k+1 are 1,2,3, and 4. This chosen value is
called as the random start.
Step 5. Assume that the randomly selected
numbers is 2. Use 2 as the starting number.
Step 6. Select every 4th student from the
sampling frame starting from the 2nd student.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

1st 2nd 3rd

The numbers of the sample will then be


2,6,10,14,18…
Ex.4 In a group of 180 workers, how will you select a
sample of 36 workers using the systematic sample
technique?
Step 1. Prepare a sampling frame by randomly
arranging the 180 workers.
Step 2. Assign each students a number from 1 to 180.
Step 3. Find the sampling interval k.
𝑵
𝒌=
𝒏
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝒌=
𝟑𝟔
k=5
Step 4. Select a number from the whole
numbers 0 and k+1 by simple random
technique. The numbers that are between 0
and k+1 are 1,2,3, 4, and 5. This chosen value
is called as the random start.
Step 5. Assume that the randomly selected
numbers is 4. Use 4 as the starting number.
Step 6. Select every 5th worker from the
sampling frame starting from the 4th worker.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

1st 2nd 3rd

The numbers of the sample will then be


4,9,14,19,24…
Stratified Sampling
It is a random sampling technique in which
the population is first divided into strata and
then samples are randomly selected separately
from each stratum.
In stratified sampling, the population is
partitioned into several subgroups called strata,
based on some characteristics like year level,
gender, age, ethnicity, etc.
Ex.5 You want to interview 200 students in your
school to determine their opinion on the new
school uniform. How are you going to choose
your sample by using the stratified sampling if
there are 1,200 students in Grade 7; 1,100 in
Grade 8; 1,050 in Grade 9; 940 in Grade 10; 900
in Grade 11; and 810 in Grade 12?
Solution: Subdivide the population into several strata.
In this problem, subdivide the population into year
levels. Then make a table.
Population Number of students Sample
N=6000 per strata n=200
Grade 7 1200 40
Grade 8 1100 37
Grade 9 1050 35
Grade 10 940 31
Grade 11 900 30
Grade 12 810 27
Total 6000 200
Grade 7: Grade 10:
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟒𝟎
𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑1
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

Grade 8: Grade 11:


𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 37 𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 30
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎

Grade 9: Grade 12:


𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎 𝟖𝟏𝟎
𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 35 𝒙𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 27
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Cluster or area sampling is a random sampling
technique in which the entire population is broken
into small groups, or clusters, and then, some of the
clusters are randomly selected. The data from the
randomly selected clusters are the ones that are
analyzed.
The difference of cluster sampling from a stratified
sampling is that the sample consists of elements from
the selected clusters only while in stratified sampling,
the sample consists of elements from all the strata.

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