THE COMMON CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF

DIVINE WORD COLLEGE OF BANGUED

Divine Word College of Bangued

A Research

Presented to

Ms. Maylene R. Pambalan, Ph.D.

Bangued, Abra

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Research

2017

By

Marc Aurelle Bondame

Czarina Kaye Ucol

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers and worked with a great number of people whose contribution

in assorted ways to research and to making of the thesis deserve special mention,

thus, the researchers with express their profound gratitude and appreciation to the

people who help them in the fulfillment and completion of this work.

Mrs. Teresa V. Dacanay, Principal of the High School Department of the

Divine Word College of Bangued, for allowing the researchers to execute this

study and for sharing her own thoughts and opinions that were very much helpful

to the researchers.

Mrs. Maylene Pambalan, the researchers’ Research Adviser, for tirelessly

providing the necessary documents to the researchers during the course of their

thesis writing, for believing in the researchers’ capabilities and for understanding

especially during those times the researchers were pressured, and for her unending

reminders and guidance for her constructive criticisms, valuable suggestions and

comments for the improvement of this work.

Mrs. Mary Gallardo, for serving as the statistician for this research study, for

lending the researchers her time and effort despite his hectic schedule and job. For

his patience and invaluable assistance, particularly in the statistical analysis of

data.
 The researchers also wish to express their gratitude to all the Senior High

School students, S.Y. 2016-2017, for being the respondent, who willingly and

honestly answer the questions in the researchers’ questionnaires, who served and

involved themselves in this study; without them, this study would not have been

possible. The researchers’ parents, who provide financial and moral support

throughout the study.

To the researchers’ friends and classmate, for always doing their part in helping

them finish their thesis. For making work flow smoothly through expressing their

warm support and gratitude in the forms of encouragement and for their faith the

researchers can make it;

The Subject teachers, lending their time and allowing the researchers finish their

study on time. And for supporting them also.

Mrs. Evangeline Borja, the College Librarian, who helps the researcher by

lending them books as their research references and for letting the researchers use

facilities at the library.

Likewise, the researchers also wish to express very special thanks to these

wonderful people who extended various forms of assistance in making this work

possible.

And all those who found way of the other to extend a helping them in the

completion of this research work;

 Above all, to the Almighty Father for His guidance, wisdom, love and

bountiful of this humble piece of work and blessings which the researchers

needed in the realization

To our God, the Almighty, for giving the researchers power and wisdom to

successfully finish the researchers’ thesis.

M.A.B

C.K.U
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this research paper to the Almighty God for the strength, courage

and wisdom given unto them.

The researchers would like to dedication the research to their parents for their

understanding and overwhelming support, morally and financially and teachers,

who taught them how to think, understand and express. They earnestly feel that

without their inspiration, they would not able to pass through the tiring process of

the research.

We wish to express my gratitude to our subject teacher, Ms. Maylene R.

Pambalan for the guidance and support during the research.

The researchers also dedicate this dissertation work to their friends and church

family have supported them throughout the process.

And their siblings for their eternal love.

I cannot forget to express a word of gratitude, appreciation to ourselves for

cooperation, hard work and motivation during this research.

Czarina Kaye

Marc Aurelle
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page…………………………………………………………

Acknowledgement……………………………………………….

Dedication………………………………………………………...

Abstract……………………………………………………………

Table of Contents………………………………………………....

CHAPTER I: The Problem

Background of the Study ………………………………….

Conceptual Framework…………………………………….

Statement of the Problem…………………………………..

Null Hypothesis…………………………………………….

Scope and Delimitation of the Study……………………….

Significance of Study………………………………………..

Operational Definition of Terms……………………………..

CHAPTER II: Methodology

Research Design………………………………………………

Locale and Population………………………………………..

 Data Gathering Instrument……………………………………

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………….

Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………….

CHAPTER III: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Profile of the students in terms of Gender and Strand

Factors that causes Absenteeism

CHAPTER IV: Summary of Finding, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary……………………………………………...............

Conclusion……………………………………………...........

Recommendations…………………………………………….

BIBLIOGRAPHY

References……………………………………………………….

APPENDICES

Appendix A……………………………………………………………

Appendix B……………………………………………………………

Appendix C……………………………………………………...........

CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 REFERENCES

http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article?ed=333279

http://www.cfda.gov/public/viewprogram.asp?progid=1267

http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&geo_id=04

http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/program/opre/characteristics/fy20000/analysis.htm

http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/dpi/spr/change99.html

http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2004/2004weadeb.pdf
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA:

Name : CZARINA KAYE P. UCOL

Place of Birth : Talogtog, Dolores, Abra

Date of Birth : September 2, 2000

Religion : Roman Catholic

Permanent Address : Talogtog, Dolores, Abra

Father : Marcelino T. Ucol Jr.

Mother : Margarita P. Ucol

Sibling/s : Trixie Zeidenwee P. Ucol

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary : Don Rosalio Eduarte Elementary School

Talogtog, Dolores, Abra

2012-2013

Junior High School : Rosalio Eduarte National High School

Talogtog, Dolores, Abra

2015-2016

Graduate Junior High : Rosalio Eduarte National High School

PERSONAL DATA:

Name : MARC AURELLE B. BONDAME

Place of Birth : Bangued Abra

Date of Birth : August 6, 1999

Religion : Roman Catholic

Permanent Address : Calaba, Bangued Abra

Father : Aurelio B. Bondame

Mother : Marlene B. Bondame

Sibling/s : Marc Anthony B. Bondame

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary : Divine Word College of Bangued

Bangued Abra
2012-2013
Junior High School : Divine Word College of Bangued
Bangued Abra
2012-2013
Graduate Junior High : Divine Word College of Bangued

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, absenteeism is “chronic

absent.” In the next context of school, it is the habitual or international failure to

attend school. While every student may miss some school activities now and then,

absence becomes a problem when the student is away from school for many days.

Going to school regularly is crucially important for a student’s education and

social skills Chronically absents students are at a disadvantage both socially and

academically. They miss out on critical stages of social interaction and

development with their peers, simultaneously limiting their academic progress.

This can result in low self-esteem, social isolation, and dissatisfaction that could

well have precipitated non-attendance in the first place.

School absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers, parents,

society in general, and pupils in particular. Unaccepted absences have a negative

effect on peer relationships, which can cause further absences. According to

Malcolm, Wilson, Davidson, and Kirk (2003) teachers identified the effects of

absenteeism on children as:

 Academic under- achievement.

 Difficulty in making friends which could lead to boredom and

loss of confidence.

 Prolonged absence can have deleterious effects for the child in

later life.

 Students who are absent from school are at the greatest risk of
dropping out of the school early.

One of the most annoying experiences for the teachers like me is when

students are absent. We prepare lesson plans with the objective that 100% of the

class will learn from the day’s classroom activities, and it is most satisfying when
all students are present on that day and days thereafter to ensure maximum

learning.

Sadly, it is very difficult to achieve perfect attendance. No matter how

interesting and well prepared my lessons and teaching materials are, they are

bound to be students who miss out on the day’s activities willingly or

unwillingly.

Absenteeism also affects the teacher’s ability to present class work in

a sequential and organized way. This can have an effect on the progress of all

the students in the class.

Families if habitually absent students can also suffer. For a poverty-

stricken family, it may can a continuation of the poverty and

unemployment cycle that may run in the family. This also contributes to

family conflicts.

It is the aim of every school lessen, if not eradicate, absenteeism

among its students. One way of addressing this problem is to identify the

causes of truancy. Once they are singled out, understood, and analyzed, these

issues may be addressed with specific actions and measures. This will

eventually result in the better performance of the students , teachers, and the

school in general.

One of the most common areas where classroom practices of

individual faculty members differ is attendance policy. Some faculty require

attendance. Some faculty count attendance positively in grade determination

while others count the lack of attendance against the student’s grade. Even
most faculty who don’t require attendance by their students encourages

attendance in a variety of ways. Inherently most faculty probably believe that

attendance is important in student success but most of us can provide only

anecdotal evidence to support our belief. This newsletter contains summaries

of some of the most recent research on the role of class attendance on student

performance. Some research will be explored that demonstrate the impact of

class attendance on the other variables that affect the overall academic

success of an institution.

Many researchers have developed checklists of “deviant” school behaviors

which are associated with poor school performance. In 1963 a Background Paper

on Dropouts and Youth Employment stated that potential dropouts could be

described and identified at least five years before they dropped out. Irregular

attendance and frequent tardiness were two of the five drop-out indicators. Mizell

(1987) included tardiness and excessive absences as part of twenty-one criteria

which predict the likelihood of dropping out of school. Stradford (1993) found

that tardiness and absences are characteristics of potential 9th and 10th grade at-

risk students. Ligon and Jackson (1988) discovered that excessive absences and

tardiness constituted the 3rd most common reason for student failure in school.

Low attendants and habitual tardiness were among the common characteristics of

low-achieving Hispanic high school students (Cuellar, 1992). Estcourt (1986)

found that low achievement correlated with chronic absenteeism in high school

students. Ediger (1987) included “cutting classes and frequent tardiness in

school” among their dictators of at-risk students with drug and alcohol abuse
problems. Like businesses, schools collect data on student tardiness and absences

to learn about their populations. These behaviors are a barometer indicating the

likelihood of student success. Many school interventions to improve student

performance use tardiness and absences as indicators of success or failure of the

intervention. However, the relationship among tardiness, absences, and grades

and dropping-out or school failure is complex. Hotchkiss and Dorsten (1985)

conducted a large, longitudinal study which provided part of the data for the High

School and Beyond data base. In 1980 the answers of 58,000 sophomores and

seniors generated data for the base year. The researchers did subsequent follow-up

surveys in 1982 and 1984. After extensive analysis they found that, “Poor grades

stimulate misbehavior and dropping out. Similarly, time spent with friends

stimulates misbehavior and dropping out.... The predominant paths in these

findings can be reduced to the following parsimonious model”

Absenteeism among student has been an ongoing phenomenon which

has not given much attention today. It is still withdrawal behavior which is

difficult to control. The absenteeism among student can lead to much

negative effects such as the student pointer can drop and many pointer can

drop many social problems will happen. The school will not able to produce

quality graduates. School has their own responsibility to produce

knowledgeable , skill and discipline graduate so that after graduation, the

student can easily get a job and be a good citizen so that this can help

economy in our country develop. They would like to minimize this problem,

if not eradicate it completely. That is why they conducted an action research

to understand them better. They wanted a more accurate analysis of why

some of my students are perennial absentees, so I could formulate plans,

projects, and projects and programs to minimize their absences. I hope that

it also enlightens you. Even if you are not an educator, you may be able to

help a student to stay in school.

Statement of the Problem:

The study aims to document how Senior High School Students of the DWCB
on The Common Causes Absenteeism of STEM-B of Senior High School
Students of Divine Word College of Bangued College Academic Year 2016-
2017.
Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of students in terms of:

a. Gender
b. Strand

2. What are the factors that causes absenteeism among students,

3. What are the styles of students in coping with Absenteeism,

4.1 Is there any relationship between the Absenteeism and their Personal
Profile of the respondents,

4.2. Are there any effects of environment on the causes of absenteeism

encountered by students?

Null Hypothesis

1. There is no significant of relationship between Absenteeism and their

Personal Profile of the respondents,
2. There is no effects of environment on the causes of absenteeism
encountered by students

Conceptual Framework:

Figure 1 shows the independent-dependent-outcome relationship Absenteeism

of the DWCB

Senior High School students according to their

personal profiles, and the styles they use in coping up with stress.
The independent variable consist the personal profile of the Senior High School

students of DWCB in terms of: gender, sex and section.

The outcome variable of the study consist of Reduced absenteeism of Senior

High School of Divine Word College of Bangued, High School Department

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT OUTCOME

Profiles of Senior
High School Styles of students Reduced
Students of in coping up with absenteeism of
DWCB in terms Absenteeism Senior High
of: School of Divine
Word College of
a. Gender
Bangued, High
b. Strand
School
Department
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

 This study is limited to the respondents of the Absenteeism of Senior High
School Students of the Divine Word College of Bangued, located at Rizal St.,
Zone 6, Bangued, Abra. It is bounded in the north by the DZPA radiostation,
Triple E canteen in the east, the former Arnoldus Hall that is now theHRM
Laboratory in the west, and the Sinapangan Elementary School in theSouth. It
focuses on the capability of the administrators, students’ participation,and the
awareness of the students in The Common Causes Affecting the
HabitualAbsenteeism of Senior High School Students of Divine Word

College of Bangued Academic Year 2016-2017.

This study was participated in by the Senior High School Students of DWCB

for the School Year 2016-2017.

Significance of Study

The results of the study will be of great help to the following:

 Students- The students would be able to realize that they should

more responsible in this study. This means that they would be

motivated to attend their class regularly and to always practice

punctuality as this develops good study habits as it leads to better

academic performances.

 Parents- Parents could encourage their children to go to school on

time as they help them to be punctual at all times.

  Teachers and Principals- They could help each other in

implementing plans and scheme discouraging students to go to

school early.

 The Researchers- Through this study, the researchers and they

become responsible learners.

 The Future Researchers- This study would benefit their learning

future researchers to consider other aspects related in this a topic

for future studies.

Operational Definitions of Terms

The following terms are defined for a clearer and better understanding of the
contents of the research.

Absenteeism- marked by long duration or frequent recurrence of absent.

Habitual- common or usual.

Punctuality- the quality, state, or habit of being time.

Attendance- the act of being attending.

Prompt- being ready and quick to act, being on time.

Policy- a definite course or method of action selected to guide and determine

present and future decisions.

Consistency- firmness and classical deductive logic, a consistent theory is one

that does not contain a contradiction.

Frequent- to associate with, be in, or resort to habitually

Learning process- a way of studying and obtaining knowledge, earning is the act

of acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing existing, knowledge, behaviors,

skills, values, or preferences which may lead to a potential change in synthesizing

information, depth of the knowledge, attitude or behavior relative to the type and

range of experience.

Academic competence- capability to do with schools, learning or teaching.

Sickness - the state of being sick or not healthy.

Interface- to interpose in a way that hinders or impedes.

Consequence - something produced by a causes.

 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides a description of the methods that were used to complete

this study. This includes the following: research design, Population and locale,

data gathering instrument, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

The study used the descriptive method of research. The focus of the study was
the Absenteeism of Senior High School. It identified the causes.

Population and Locale

The study was conducted at Divine Word College of Bangued, High School
Department. The respondents in this study were the 75 Senior High School
students of the Divine Word College of Bangued, during the School Year 2016-
2017.

Section Population Percentage Sample

STEM A 63 32% 20

STEM B 60 33% 20

STEM C 56 35% 20

ABM 45 44% 20

HUMMS 41 29% 12

GAS 44 50% 22
TOTAL 75
Data Gathering Instrument

The instrument in this study was a structured questionnaire for the Senior
High School students.

The questionnaire was divided into two different parts, Part I includes the
respondents and Part II contains the items on Absenteeism.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon approval, the questionnaires were answered by the students. The

researcher oriented them on the manner of responding. The items in the
questionnaires were in order to ensure reliability and validity of the tool. After the
copies of the questionnaires were retrieved, the answers were be sorted, collated
and tabulated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following tools were used to test the data gathered in the study.

Frequency and Percentage was used to determine the profile of the students in
terms of gender, age, and section. ( f & % )

𝑓𝑥
Formula: %= 𝝬 100
𝑛

Where:

% = percentage

f = frequency

N = total number of frequency

Weighted Mean was used to determine the Causes of Absenteeism of Senior
High School of Divine Word College of Bangued.

𝑓𝑥
Formula: 𝛸=∑
𝑛
 Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter analyzes and interprets the gathered data.

Problem 1: What is the profile of students in terms of:

a. Gender
b. Section

Table 2 shows the profile of the DWCB Senior High School students in

terms of gender.

Table 3 shows the profile of the DWCB Senior High School students in

terms of section.

Gender

As seen from the table 35 or 30.43%, are males and 80 or 69.57% are
females. The respondents was taken randomly and majority, there are more
female respondents than male.

Table 1

Profile of the Senior High School Students of Divine Word College of Bangued

According to Gender

GENDER Frequency Percentage

Male 35 30.43
Female 80 69.57
Total 115 100%
Strand

20 or 17.39% of the respondents are in STEM A, 20 or 17.39% of them are

in STEM B, 20 or 17.39% of them are in STEM C, 20 or 17.39% of them are

in ABM, 21 or 18. 26% of them are in HUMSS, and 14 or 12. 17% of them are in

GAS. This shows that HUMMS have the biggest number of respondents taken in

the study.

Table

Profile of the Senior High School Students of Divine Word College of Bangued
According to Gender

STRAND Frequency Percentage

STEM A 20 17.39

STEM B 20 17.39

STEM C 20 17.39

ABM 20 17.39

HUMMS 21 18.26

GAS 14 12.17

Total 115 100%

PROBLEM 3: What are the Causes of Absenteeism?
Table 3 shows the Common Causes of Absenteeism.

FACTORS
A. Personal WM DR
1. Lack of subject interest and personal interest in studies 2.76
2. The mental capacity of a student does not match with the 2.54
course opted
3. Lack of confidence and ragging 2.58
2. The mental capacity of a student does not match with the
course opted 2.35
B. Environmental
1.Available opportunities for entertainment like malls, movie 2.60
halls etc.
2. Too much socialization 2.56
3. Use of drugs and alcohol by the students and peer group 2.18
influence
4. Preparation for the participants in school shows, fiestas etc. 2.54
C. School
1. The poor teaching skills of the teacher 2.61
2. Unfavorable learning environment, unconducive interpersonal 2.54
relations between the students and teaching in school
3. Lack of allied activities like no sport program, no fresher or 2.46
farewell parties, no annual day celebrations
4. Poor food of the canteen, poor infrastructure facility in school 2.38
etc.
5. Teacher absentees or lacking of efficient teachers in school 2.61
6. Preparation for examination, excess of homework and 2.57
sometimes fear from examination
7. School culture shock (have a hard time coping up, might be 2.55
that the school is too advance or too slow.)
8. Distance of school from home 2.48
D. Family
1. Over expectation of parents 2.50
2. Poor socio-economic background 2.50
3. Too much pamperness from the family 2.40
4. When more than desired facilities are provided by parents such 2.38
as car, mobiles, high amount of money as pocket money
 Statistical Range Descriptive Rating

3:25-4:00 Strongly Agree (4)

2:50-3:24 Agree (2)
1:75-2:49 Disagree (3)
1:00-1:74 Strongly Disagree (1)

Table 4 shows the Common Causes of Absenteeism. Majority of the respondents

(2.76) with lack of the subject interest (2.61) of the respondent says that they are not
coming to school due to the poor teaching skill of the teacher (2.57) fear in examination
and excess homework. And the least number of respondents (2.18) answered that they
used drug and alcohol.
 CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion drawn from the
findings and recommendations of the study.

Summary
The study aims to find out the causes of absenteeism to senior high school
students of Divine Word College of Bangued . The questionnaires to find out the
causes of absenteeism to respondents. Descriptive method was used in the study.
The Grade 11 Senior High School of Divine Word College of Bangued served as
the respondents of the study.

The study tried to determine if the causes of absenteeism to the profile of

respondents namely: age and strand. The respondents were the Grade 11 students
of Divine Word College of Bangued, School Year 2016-2017, consisting 115
respondents.

The liker scale was adapted and used specified as: Lack of subject interest and
personal interest in studies, The mental capacity of a student does not match with
the course opted, Lack of confidence and ragging, Social phobia (don’t have
friends), health (always sick) and inferiority complex within student causes
absenteeism, Available opportunities for entertainment like malls, movie halls etc,
Too much socialization, Use of drugs and alcohol by the students and peer group
influence, Preparation for the participants in school shows, fiestas etc., The poor
teaching skills of the teacher, Unfavorable learning environment, unconducive
interpersonal relations between the students and teaching in school, Lack of allied
activities like no sport program, no fresher or farewell parties, no annual day
celebrations, Poor food of the canteen, poor infrastructure facility in school etc.,

Teacher absentees or lacking of efficient teachers in school, Preparation for

examination, excess of homework and sometimes fear from examination, School
culture shock (have a hard time coping up, might be that the school is too advance
or too slow.), Distance of school from home, Over expectation of parents, Poor
socio-economic background, Too much pamperness from the family, When more
than desired facilities are provided by parents such as car, mobiles, high amount
of money as pocket money.

The data gathered were analyze using frequency counts, percentage, and
weighted mean.

Conclusion

Absenteeism has become quite widespread among students especially among

the high school students who face a lot of endeavors with regard to school
activities. Most of the teenagers have been attached to stress. The researcher
conducted this study to discover the Common Causes of Absenteeism are their
way of coping up with absenteeism are faced by the students in Senior High
School and also their way of coping up with absenteeism, this the researchers
conclude basing from the date gathered that poor teaching skills of the teacher and
lack of subject interest cause of the major absenteeism among Senior High School
Students and it that it can also affect the academic excellence of the students when
the alternative hypothesis of the researchers was accepted and null hypothesis was
rejected.

Recommendation
In this light of conclusion draw, the following recommendations were advanced

1. School should identify training needs and organize Symposium workshop,

conferences and staff development programs for teachers to enhance their
skills and performance level.

2. The School administration with the parents of the concerned students must
conduct and effective conference dialogue
3. Orientation and briefing on students who are absent might be conducted to
at all least they would commit to absenteeism.