12 Current Electricity

Electric Current

Electric Charge Q ne nev

l Electric Current  Ÿ I nef
time t t 2S r
In SI system, unit of electric current is Ampere (A).
Dimensional formula of electric current is M o Lo To A1 or M o Lo T –1Q1 .

1mA 103 A ; 1P A 106 A

Electric Current, I
dQ
, ? dQ I dt
dt

l Electric charge Q ³ dQ ³ I dt
(1) An Electron revolves in circular orbit of radius 5.3. u1011 m in hydrogen atom with constant
speed of so that 1.06 mA current is constituted.

(A) 2u106 ms 1 (B) 1.1 u 106 ms 1 (C) 2.2 u 106 ms 1 (D) 1.5 u 106 ms 1

(2) 9 mA electric current is flowing through a conducting wire then number of electrons passing
through it in 3min is .
(A) 2 u 1018 (B) 1 u 1018 (C) 2 u 1019 (D) 1.01 u 1019

(3) A current through a wire varies with time as I I 0  D t where I 0 100 A and D 8 As 1 . Then
the charge flows across a cross section of the wire in first 20 sec .
(A) 2000 (B) 3600 (C) 1600 (D) 400

h2
(4) An electron in the hydrogen atom is revolving around nucleus in the orbit of radius
16S 2 me 2

4S e2
with speed . Then the equation of electric current will be . Here
h
m = mass of Electron, e = Charge of electron.

4S 2 me5 4S 2 me3 32S 2 me5 32S me3

(A) (B) (C) (D)
h3 h5 h3 h5

(5) The current flowing through wire changes with time as I (3  2t ) then the electric charge
flowing through any cross-section of wire in time t 0 s to t 4s will be C
(A) 20 (B) 24 (C) 28 (D) 14

Ans. : 1 (C), 2 (D), 3 (B), 4 (C), 5 (C)

296
l Drift velocity and Mobility
'I
Electric current density, J
I
'a Cos T A

Drift velocity of electron in conductor, ( v d )

Effective displacement of electron
Time Interval

a.W
eE
vd but F ma eE Ÿ a
m

ª eE º
? vd « m » W , where, W Relaxation time of electron
¬ ¼

,
l Electric current density, J nevd
A
VE nevd

ª Ee º ª 1º
ne « W» «' V U »¼
1
¬m ¼ ¬
E
U

? Resistivity, U
m
ne2W

V
l Mobility for material, and conductivity V
vd
ne
E ne

SI unit of mobility is m 2 v 1 s 1 .

(6) An electron covers 4 u 104 m distance in presence of electric field and 104 m distance in
absence of electric field. Then it’s drift velocity is . Electric field is applied for
10 s .

(A) 3 u105 ms1 (B) 4 u103 ms1 (C) 2 u105 ms 1 (D) 3 u104 ms1

(7) 10A electric current is flowing through the copper wire having cross sectional area of 6 mm .
2

The drift velocity of electron flowing through this wire is .

M cu 63.5 kg/kmol , Density of copper 8920 kg m –3

(A) 1.2 u 103 ms 1 (B) 1.2 u 103 ms 1 (C) 1.2 u 104 ms 1 (D) 0.12 ms 1

(8) An electric current density of 5Am2 is obtained when 8 u108 Vm1 electric field is applied to
conducting wire, then resistivity of conductor is .
(A) 1.6 u 108 : m (B) 2 u 108 : m (C) 16 u 105 : m (D) 20 : m

(9) 6 u 1012 electrons are flowing through any cross-section of conductor per unit time with drift
velocity 8 u 1010 ms1 . If cross-sectional area of conductor is 4 cm 2 then electric current flowing
through conductor is A.
(A) 307.2 (B) 30.72 (C) 3.072 (D) 6.015

297
(10) In two conducting wires of same material, same current is flowing. If ratio of radii of wires is 1:4
and drift velocity of electron in thick wire is vd then drift velocity of electron in thin wire is
.

(A) (B) (C) 16 vd (D) 4 v d

vd vd
16 4

(11) The relaxation time for collision of electron with proton in a conducting wire is 18.2 u 1012 s ,
then mobility of conductor is .
(A) 16 Cs kg –1 (B) 1.6 Cs kg –1 (C) 1.6 u 102 Cs kg –1 (D) 3.2 Cs kg –1

(12) In conducting wire having electron density 8 u 1012 , the average time interval between two

successive collision for electron with ions is 4 u 1012 s and mass of ions is 2.56 u 1027 kg , then
the resistivity of that conducting wire is :m .

(A) 31.25 u 1010 (B) 0.31 u 1010 (C) 0.66 u 1010 (D) 0.36 u 1010

(13) Area of the plane shown in figure is 2cm2 . 4A current is flowing through the wire, then the
electric current density at point P of conductor will be.

'a
G
(A) 4 3 u 104 Am 2
4
(B) u 104 Am 2
60° 3
30°
P (C) 4 u 104 Am2 (D) 2 u 104 Am2

(14) Two conductors having same diameter have resistivities U1 and U 2 , and lengths l1 and l2 . Then
resultant resistivity of series combination of these two conductor is .
U1l1  U 2l2 U1l2  U 2 l1 U1l2  U 2 l1 U1l1  U 2l2
(A) l1  l2 (B) l1  l2 (C) l1  l2 (D) l1  l2

(15) The current density along the axis of a cylindrical conductor having radius equal to R is given

by J . Then the current along the conductor is . The distance from the
r3
J0
R4

axis is r.

S J0 R 2 2S J 0 R S J0 R 2 S 2 J0 R
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 5 5 2
(16) 0.4 mm diameter copper wire is connected with 2 mm diameter iron wire and 4 mA current is
passed through copper wire then current density in iron wire will be .
(A) 1.27 u 103 Am2 (B) 2 u 105 Am2 (C) 1.5 u 106 Am2 (D) 3 u 103 Am2

Ans. :6 (A), 7 (C) , 8 (A), 9 (B), 10 (C), 11 (D) 12 (B), 13 (C), 14 (A), 15 (B), 16 (A)

298
Ohm’s law : R
V
ŸV IR.
I
l Electrical Resistivity and conductivity

Resistance R U , where U Resistivity of material of wire

l
A

I Ul
V IR J U l , but V El
A
?E J U

Conductivity, V unit of conductivity is m 1 or siemen m1

1
U

Limitations of ohm’s law

(i) In practice, for some devices, V – I relationship are nonlinear e.g. diode, transistor

V
(ii) Relation of V and I depends on sign of V.
I
(mA)

O
–V V

$
I

(iii) The relation between V o I is not unique. i.e. there is more than one value of V for same
current (I).
I

V1 V2 V3 V

(17) By stretching uniformly, the length of copper wire is increased by n times or it’s radius is made
1
times then it’s resistance will be increased by times.
n
(A) n (B) n2 (C) n 3 (D) n4
299
(18) The electric current is flowing through two parallel wires having same material. If the ratio of

lengths and radii are 86 and 64 then the ratio of currents flowing through wires is .

(A) 3 (B) 13 (C) 89 (D) 2

(19) The material of resistivity U is filled between two concentric spherical shells of radil a and b
(b ! a ) then the resistance of space between these two spherical shells is .

U U ª1 1 º U ª1 1º U §1 1·
  2» ¨  ¸
4S «¬ b a »¼ «
(A) 4S (a  b) (B) (C) (D)
4S ¬ a 2
b ¼ 4S © a b ¹

(20) The dimensions of block is 6 cm u 4 cm u 2 cm . The ratio of maximum and minimum resistances
obtained between mutually opposite sides is .
(A) 9 : 1 (B) 1 : 9 (C) 1 : 6 (D) 1 : 18
(21) The resistance per unit length of wire is 6 : . If the wire is bent to form a circle of radius
12 cm then the resistance between two diametrically opposite points will be .
(A) 0.72 S : (B) 0.36 S : (C) 0.24 S : (D) 1.44 S :

(22) The charge flowing through each resistance changes with time as Q D t  E t 2 , then current
through resistance R will be maximum at time .

D D2 D3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2E
2E D 2E 2 E

(23) The conducting cylinder of length l have inner and outer radii are r1 and r2 . If resistivity of material
of cylinder is U then the resistance between inner and outer wall at cylinder is .

U l ª r1 º ª r1 º ª r2 º Ul
(A) 2S ln « r » (B) 2S l ln « r » (C) 2S l ln « r »  r2  r1 
U U
(D)
¬ 2¼ ¬ 2¼ ¬ 1¼ 2S

(24) A wire of resistance 8 : is bent from the center by 180° then it’s ends are joined and is twisted,
So it’s resistance becomes .
(A) 8 : (B) 2 : (C) 4 : (D) 1 :
(25) A copper wire is stretched to make it longer by 0.1 %. The percentage increase in its resistance
is .
(A) 0.1 % (B) 0.4 % (C) 0.2 % (D) 2 %
(26) When P.d. across two terminal of copper wire is increased the current flowing throgh it also
increases. Then for n electric charge flowing through wire per unit volume and drift velocity Vd
of electric charge, which of the fallowing statement is true ?
(A) n constant and v d decreases (B) n constant and v d increases.

(C) n increases and v d decreases (D) n increases andõ v d remains constant

300
(27) Masses of three wires of copper are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5 and their lengths are in ratio 3 : 5 : 7,
then the ratio of their resistance is .
(A) 20 : 30 : 50 (B) 125 : 15 : 1 (C) 3 : 5 : 7 (D) 135 : 250 : 294

Ans. : 17 (B), 18 (B), 19 (B), 20 (A), 21 (B), 22 (A), 23 (C), 24 (B), 25 (C), 26 (B), 27 (D)

Colour code for carbon Resistors :

First Second Band Third Band Fourth Band

Tenth Digit Ones Digit Multiple Tolerence

Black 0 0 10ü –
Brown 1 1 101 +1%

Red 2 2 102 +2%

Orange 3 3 103 +3%

Yellow 4 4 104 +4%

Green 5 5 105 –

Blue 6 6 106 –

Violet 7 7 107 –

Gray 8 8 108 –

White 9 9 109 –

Gold – – 10-1 +5%

Silver – – 10-2 + 10 %

None – – – + 20 %

To remember colour code

B B R O Y Goes to Bombay Via Gwalior.
l Temperature dependence of resistivity
The empirical formula for resistivity and temperature

UT UT 0 >1  D (T  T 0 ) @ , where D temperature co-efficient of resistivity

UT Resistivity at a temperature q

UT0 Resistivity at proper reference temperature T 0

The above equation can be written in the form of resistance as follows

Rt  R o
R T0 >1  D (T  T 0 ) @ . Temerature co-efficient of Resistivity, D
Ro u t
RT

301
(28) Resistance of copper wire is 5 : at 50 °C temperature and 6 : at 100 °C temperature then
resistance of wire at 0qC temperature will be :.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(29) At temperature, the resistance of copper wire will be four times than it’s
resistance at 27 °C temperature. For copper D 4 u 103 C1 .
(A) 354 °C (B) 758 °C (C) 1023 °C (D) 1516 °C
(30) For a wire resistance at temperature 300 C is 3.1 : and at temperature 100q C is 4.5 : then
temperature co-efficient of resistivity of wire, D .
(A) 0.0012 qC1 (B) 0.0024 qC1 (C) 0.0032 qC1 (D) 0.008 qC1
(31) An electric, toaster have resistive wire of Nicrom. When small current is passed through it at
room temperature ( 27 qC ), it’s resistance is obtained 75.3 : . When toaster is connected with
230 V supply, the current flowing through it is 2.68 A . If from Nicrom, D 1.7 u 104 qC1 then
it’s final temperature will be .
(A) 747 qC (B) 847 qC (C) 897 qC (D) 927 qC
(32) In a platinum resistance thermometer, the resistance of platinum at 0 qC is 5 : and at 100 q C
is 5.23 : . When thermometer is placed in a heatbath, the resistance of platinum is obtained
5.795 : then temperature of heat bath is .
(A) 278 qC (B) 346 qC (C) 372 q C (D) 412 q C
(33) The resistance of tungsten wire of bulb have resistance 18: at 27 q C temperature. Steady
current of 0.25A is flowing through it when bulb is connected with supply of 45 V . For tungsten,
D 4.5 u 103 K 1 then find the temperature of Bulb filament. Suppose Ohm’s law is obeyed.
(A) 2160 K (B) 1800 K (C) 2070 K (D) 2300 K
(34) Two materials have the value of D1 and D 2 as 5 u 104 qC1 and 3.8 u 104 q C1 respectively.
The resistivity of first material U20 2.4 u 108 : m . If new material is made by combining these
two materials such that it’s resistivity does not change with temperature, then what should be the
resistivity U20 of second material ? Take reference temperature 200 C . Assume that the
resistivity at the new material is equal to the sum of resistivity of component materials.
(A) 3.185 u 106 :m (B) 3.158 u 109 :m (C) 3.185 u 108 :m (D) 3.158 u 108 :m
(35) As per colour code of carbon resistor, the resistance for the colour of Indian National flag, from
upper to lower colours in order, is :.
(A) 39 u 105 r 20 % (B) 59 u 105 r 20 % (C) 39 u 105 r 10 % (D) 39 u 105 r 5 %
(36) The value of a carbon resistor is 1760 : to 2640 : , then colour code at that carbon resistor is

(A) Brown, Red, Brown, No colour (B) Red, Red, Black, No colour
(C) Red, Black, Red, No colour (D) Red, Red, Red, No colour

Ans. :28 (D), 29 (B), 30 (D), 31 (B), 32 (B), 33 (D), 34 (D), 35 (A), 36 (D)

302
l Electromotive force (emf) and terminal voltage of electric cells.
The relation between terminal voltege and emf of cell, V  Ir
Where, r internal resistance of electric cell.

³ F < dl
o o
Electric Force, Fe eE , work W n

Non electrical force Fn

When Fn Fe then electric current flowing through the battery becomes zero I o.
which is called Open circuit condition.

V
l Charging current for lead Accumulator, I Rr

l Electrical energy consumed in resistance I 2 Rt

l Electrical energy consumed in D.C.source = VIt
l Energy consumed to charge electric cell = EIt

(37) An emf of battery is . It’s terminal voltage is obtained V on connecting resistance R : with it
then it’s internal resistance is .

5 § 9 ·
(A) r
V
R (B) r ¨ V ¸ R
© ¹
(C) r   9 5 (D) r
V
R

(38) By an electric cell, the electric current is passed through resistance R1 for time t . Now by the
same cell, the electric current is passed through resistance R2 for same time. If in both the
cases Joule heat produced is same then internal resistance of electric cell is .

R1  R2 R1  R2
(A) (B) (C) R1 u R 2 (D) R1 < R 2
2 2
(39) Electromotive force of electric cell is .
(A) Electric force (B) Non electric force (C) Energy (D) Electromagnetic force
(40) When electric cell is in open circuit condition then .
(A) r 0 (B)  (C) V (D) Fn  Fe

(41) Two batteries having same emf of 2 V and same internal resistance of 1 : are connected in
series with external resistance R, then maximum power in R will be .

(A) 3.2 W (B) (C) 5 W (D) 2W

16
W
9

(42) An electric cell have emf 2.2 V. It’s terminal voltage obtained 1.8 V on connecting 5 :
resistance with it then internal resistance of cell will be .

(A) : (B) : (C) : (D) :

10 9 9 5
9 10 5 9

303
 BIIT MUSCAT PHYSICS TEST CLASSX
_______________________________________________________________

1.
Six resistances each having resistance of 10 : are connected as shown in the figure. The equivalent
Q resistance between points P and R will be .

S T (A) 20 : (B) 80 :
3

(C) 80 : (D) 80 :
P R
11

2.
In the given electrical circuit, the value of unknown resistance R should be :,
so that resultant resistance between P and Q is also R.

(A) 3 (B) 39
10:
P Q (C) 69 (D) 10
3:

3: R
3. The equivalent resistance of given network is .

2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2:

A B

4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4:
4:

(A) 8 : (B) : (C) : (D) 32 :

16 32
3 3

4. The equivalent resistance of given network is .

2: 2: 2: 2:

3: 3: 3: 2:

2: 2: 2: 2:

(A) 6 : (B) 3 : (C) 2 : (D) 32 :

5. Two wires with same length have ratio of their cross-sectional area 3:1. If resistance of thick wire
is 10 : then the equivalent resistance of series combination of both wire is .

(A) 40 : (B) : (C) : (D) 100 :

40 5
3 2

6.
When R1 and R 2 are connected in series, the equivalent resistance is R S and when connected
R1
parallel the equivalent resistance is R p . If R S < R P 16 and R 4 then R
1
2

and R 2 .
(A) 2 : , 0.5 : (B) 1 : , 0.25 : (C) 8 : , 2 : (D) 4 : , 1 :
(43) Electric current of 0.75 A is obtained on connecting 4 : resistance across electrodes of electric
cell. But when 10 : resistance is connected, terminal voltage obtained is 3.75 V, then electric
current flowing through cell is A at that time.
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.34 (C) 0.50 (D) 1
(44) 0.9 A current is obtained on connecting 2.4 : resistance with electric cell. On connecting 7 :
resistance with the same cell, 0.3 A current flows then it’s internal resistance is :.
(A) 0.4 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.3 (D) 0.2
(45) Two electric cells have same emf and internal resistances r1 and r2 . These two electric cell
are connected in series with external resistance R. The electric potential difference across two
terminal of first electric cell is obtained zero then value of resistance R is .
r1  r2
(A) r1 r2 (B) r1  r2 (C) r1  r2 (D)
2

Ans. : 37 (A), 38 (D), 39 (C), 40 (C), 41 (D), 42 (A), 43 (B), 44 (B), 45 (C)

Kirchoff’s Rules :

(i) Kirchoff’s first rule ® ¦I 0

(ii) Kirchoff’s second rule ® ¦ IR ¦

(a) If our journey through the resistor is in the direction of flow of current which is
arbitrarily choosen, IR should be considered negative and if our journey is in the
opposite direction of electric current then take IR positive.
(b) The emf of the battery should be considered negative while moving from positive
terminal to negative terminal through battery but if Journey is from negative terminal
to positive terminal through battery then emf should be considered positive.
(iii) Equivalant resistance for series combination of resistances, R R1  R 2  ..........................  R n

(iv) Equivalant resistance for parallel combination of resistances

  .......................... 
1 1 1 1
R R1 R 2 Rn

(46) Six resistances each having resistance of 10 : are connected as shown in the figure. The equivalent
Q resistance between points P and R will be .

S T (A) 20 : (B) 80 :
3

(C) 80 : (D) 80 :
P R
11

304
(47) In the given electrical circuit, the value of unknown resistance R should be :,
so that resultant resistance between P and Q is also R.

(A) 3 (B) 39
10:
P Q (C) 69 (D) 10
3:

3: R

(48) When the switch is on in the following circuit, the electric current flowing through it is
.
2: 4:
20V 5V
(A) 6 A (B) 4.5 A
2:
(C) 3 A (D) 0 A

(49) When 7A current is flowing in electric circuit then the electric potential difference between B
B and C will be volt.

4: 2: (A) 16 (B) 10
I1 I1
A C (C) 8 (D) 5
7A 7A
I2 10: 5: I2

(50) In the following circuit, the effective resistance between P and Q is .

A B
(A) 8 : (B) 8
3
:

(C) 24 : (D) 4 :
P O Q

D C
Resistance of each wire is 8 :

(51) A cube is made by connecting 12 wires each of resistance 12 : . The equivalent resistance
between two end points of any diagonal of cube will be .
(A) 6 : (B) 5 : (C) 10 : (D) 12 :

305
(52) Five resistances are connected as shown in figure. On the dotted line shown in figure two
resistances of 2 : are connected. The ratio of the resistance between A and B in the circuit
before and after joining resistances on dotted line is .
C B
(A) 75 (B) 35
2: 2:
2: 2: 2:
(C) 53 (D) 65

A D
(53) The equivalent resistance between points A and B will be in the given circuit.

R R R

R R (A) R (B)
3R
4
A R R R B
R
R (C) (D) 2R
R
R 2
R R
R

1
(54) A circular wire of radius 8 cm have resistance per unit length. Battery of 10 V is connected
S
between points A and B on circular wire then current flowing through the battery is .
Points A and B form right angle at center O.

(A) 3 A (B) 5 A
O B
(C) 3.33 A (D) 10 A

A
10V
I

(55) Nine resistances each with value R are connected as shown in figure. Then equivalent resistance
between A and B will be .

A
(A) R: (B) R :
7
6

(C) R: (D) R:
3 2
5 9

B C

306
(56) The equivalent resistance between points A and B in the given circuit is .
C D
(A) 50 :
10:
(B) :
60
11
10: 10: 10:
10:
B (C) : (D) 60 :
10: 80
A
E 7
10:

(57) In a given circuit, resistance of each resistor is r. Then equivalent resistance between A and B is
r r
r
r r (A) 34 r (B) 23 r
A

r r r (C) 8
15
r (D) 8
7
r

(58) Seven resistances each of 10 : are connected with 2 V battery as shown in the figure, then current
flowing through ammeter will be .
E F J

(A) 2 A (B) 1 A
2V 10 : 10: : 10: 10: 10: (C) 0.4 A (D) 0.8 A
:
10
10

H A K
G

(59) Thirteen resistors each of resistance R : are connected in the circuit as shown in the figure.
The effective resistance between A and B is .
C

(A) 2R : (B) :
4R
3
A R B
(C) : (D) R :
2R
3

D
(60) The effective resistance between points A and B in the given network shown in the figure will be
.
G
r r
F
r r (A) r : (B) 2r :
r
A r O B
r
(C) 4r : (D) :
r
r
C E
2

r r
D
307
(61) The effective resistance between points A and B in given adjacent circuit will be
A
10: 10:
(A) 10 : (B) 5 :
10: 10: 10:
(C) 20 : (D) 14 :
B
10: 10:

(62) The equivalent resistance of given network is .

2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2:

A B

4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4:
4:

(A) 8 : (B) : (C) : (D) 32 :

16 32
3 3

(63) The electric current flowing through the battery, of 10V and internal resistance 0.5 : ,
connected with an infinite network formed by resistances each of value 4 : is A.

10 V ˜ 0.5 :

(A) 0.88 (B) 0.5 (C) .74 (D) 0.2

(64) The equivalent resistance between points A and B in the following network will be

Each resistance is of 2 : .
C

(A) 2 : (B) 1 :
F (C) 3 : (D) 4 :
A
B
D E

(65) Each resistance of network is of 4 : , then the effective resistance between points A and B will
be .

A B

(A) 1 : (B) 2 : (C) 4 : (D) 8 :

308
(66) Two wires with same length have ratio of their cross-sectional area 3:1. If resistance of thick wire
is 10 : then the equivalent resistance of series combination of both wire is .

(A) 40 : (B) : (C) : (D) 100 :

40 5
3 2
(67) A polygon of n sides is formed from the wire of uniform cross-section and resistance R. Sides of
polygon are in even number. Then the ratio of equivalent resistance between mutually opposite
points and equivalent resistance between two end points of any side will be .
4  n  1 2  n  1 4  n  1 2n 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) n  1
n2 n2 n  
(68) Three resistances are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3. The equivalent resistance in parallel combination is 6 :
then equivalant resistance in series combination will be .
(A) 36 : (B) 84 : (C) 66 : (D) 18 :
(69) When two resistances R1 and R2 are connected in series, their equivalent resistance is 50 :
and 12 : when connected in parallel, then the values of these resistances will be
and .
(A) 30 :, 20 : (B) 40 : , 10 : (C) 35 : , 15 : (D) 45 : , 5 :
(70) When R1 and R 2 are connected in series, the equivalent resistance is R S and when connected
R1
parallel the equivalent resistance is R p . If R S < R P 16 and R 4 then R
1
2

and R 2 .
(A) 2 : , 0.5 : (B) 1 : , 0.25 : (C) 8 : , 2 : (D) 4 : , 1 :
(71) In series combination of two resistors, the equivalent resistance is S. When connected parallel,
the equivalent resistance is P. If S = nP then the minimum value of n will be .
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1
(72) The galvanometer shows zero deflection in the circuit shown in figure. If internal resistances of
battery A and B is negligible then value of R is .
Q S
500 : (A) 500 : (B) 1000 :
I
B R A 2V (C) 200 : (D) 100 :
12 V

P T
(73) For the given network currents; I1 , I 2 and I 3 are .
B
I2

(A) (B) A A ,
I3 5 5 15 5 5 12
4: A, A, A A, A
10V 1: I 2  I3 C 2 8 8 3 8 8
A
I1 I2 I3 I1 5V
4:
(C) (D)
5 15 5 5 5 15
A, A, A A, A, A
D
I1  I 2 2 8 3 3 2 3

309
(74) The resistance of galvanometer is 5 : is connected in adjacent circuit, then current flowing through
the galvanometer will be .

10 : 5:

(A) (B)
1 2
A A
5: 17 17

10 : (C) (D)
3 4
5: A A
17 17

10 :

10 V

(75) For the given circuit, obtain current flowing through resistance R1 and electric potential at junction O.

2
V2 10 V
: (A) I1 19 A, Vo 12.375 V
1 V0
30

O
R2 (B) I 2 1.75 A, Vo 12.15 V
V1 15 V R1 15 :
R
3
(C) I1 0.175 A, Vo 12.375 V
45
: V3
3
8V
(D) I1 0.19 A, Vo 1.215 V

Ans. : 46 (C), 47 (C), 48 (B), 49 (B), 50 (B), 51 (C) 52 (C), 53 (C), 54 (C), 55 (D),
56 (C), 57 (C), 58 (D), 59 (C), 60 (D), 61 (D), 62 (C), 63 (A), 64 (A), 65 (B),
66 (A), 67 (A), 68 (C), 69 (A), 70 (C), 71 (B), 72 (D), 73 (A), 74 (B), 75 (C)

(1) The current flowing in circuit for series combination of two cells, I
eq

R  req

Where, eq 1  2 Equivalent emf of series connection of two cells

and, req r1  r2 Equivalant internal resistance of series connection of to cells.

(2) The current flowing in circuit for parallel combination of two cells, I
eq

R  req

r  2 r1
Where, Equivalent emf of parallel combination of two cells.
1 2

r1  r2
eq

Equivalant internal resistance of parallel combination of two cells.

r1 r2
r1  r2
req

310
 (3) For mix combination of n cells, the current flowing in the circuit

¦
n

¦r where, m = number of rows formed by series combination of n cells.

i 1
I
R i

(76) Resistance of an ammeter is 0.02 : . When it is connected with a battery, it shows 8 A current.
Now if 3 : resistance is connected in series, the current is decreased by 6 A then emf of
battery is V and internal resistance is .
(A) 0.49 V, 2 : (B) 0.98 V, 8 : (C) 8 V, 0.98 : (D) 2 V, 4.9 :
(77) n electric cells each with emf and internal resistance r are connected in closed cricuit. In this,
cell A is connected in destructive manner. Then except for cell A the electric potential difference
for each cell is .

§ n  1· § n · §n  2·
(A) (B) ¨ n ¸ (C) ¨ n  1 ¸ (D) ¨ ¸
2
n © ¹ © ¹ © n ¹

(78) Two cells of emf 10 V, Internal resistance 2 : and emf 4 V and internal resistance 1 : are
connected with 20 : resistance as shown in figure, then current flowing through 20 :
resistance is .

10 V (A) 0.06 A (B) 0.03 A

20 : 4V
2: 1: (C) 0.1 A (D) 2 A

(79) Two cells each with emf 4 V and internal resistance 2 : are connected in parallel then current
flowing by these two cells from 1 : resistance is A.
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

Ans. :76 (C), 77 (A), 78 (B), 79 (C)

(a) Wheatstone Bridge

R1 R3
(1) Ratio of resistances in balance conditation of wheatstone bridge, R = R
2 4

l1
(2) Experimentally resistance measured with meter bridge, R1 = R 2 100 – l 
1

(b) Potentiometer

H
(1) The current flowing through potentiometer circuit, I
R + LU + R

Where, LU = Resistance of potentiometer wire

311
 ª HU º l
(2) emf of battery measured with potentiometer, Vl « »
¬ R  LU  r ¼

HU
(3) Potential gradient of potentiometer wire, V
Vl
l R  LU  r .

H l1
(4) Comparison of emf of two cells,
H
1

l2
.
2

H l3  l4
(5) For constructive and destructive combination of cells H
1

2 l3  l4

ªH º ªl 1  l 2 º
«  1» R « »R
(6) Internal resistance of cell by potentiometer, r «V » ¬ l2 ¼
¬ ¼

(80) When 5 : resistance is in one branch and R : resistance is in other branch of wheastone
bridge, the null point is obtained at distance l1 . It another resistance R : is connected in parallel
with R then new null point is obtained at 1.6 l1 . Then value of R will be .
(A) 10 : (B) 15 : (C) 20 : (D) 25 :
(81) When D.C. voltage is applied between P and Q in the following circuit, the current flowing
through 4 : resistance is 1 A, then p.d. between points P and Q is .
4:
O
(A) 0.5 V (B) 3.2 V
P 3: Q (C) 1.5 V (D) 1 V
0.5 :

N 1:

0.5 :

(82) Length of a potentiometer wire is 200 cm. The emf of standard battery is V. It is used to find
emf of battery having 1 : internal resistance. If null point is obtained at 40 cm from the positive
terminal then emf of battery is .

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2 5 4

(83) The current flowing through the battery in the given network will be .
4:

12 :
(A) 1.55 (B) 3
2: 4:
(C) 3.5 (D) 4
I 6 :

7V
312
(84) In the balanced condition of meterbridge if x resistance is connected in left branch and y
resistance is connected in right branch, the null point is obtained at distance 39.5 cm. If value of
resistance y is 12.5 : then value of resistance x will be .
(A) 6.7 : (B) 8.2 : (C) 9.1 : (D) 10.5 :
(85) In the electric circuit of potentiometer, two cell are connected in series in
(i) helping mode (ii) opposing mode then the null points are obtained at distances 6 m and 2 m
respectively. Then the ratio of emf of cells will be .
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 3 : 1
(86) As shown in the figure to find internal resistance of 1.5 V battery, the potentiometer of emf 2 V
is used. In open circuit condition of battery, the null point is obtained at distance 76.3 cm. Now,
9.5 : resistance is connected in outer circuit, the null point is obtained at distance 64.8 cm then
internal resistance of cell will be .
2V
(A) 1.5 : (B) 1.6 :
(C) 1.7 : (D) 1.8 :

A B
1.5 V

9.5 :
(87) In experiment of potentiometer for comparison of two cells of emf 1 and 2 , the null point is
obtained at distance 64 cm in series combination (helping mode). If poles of 2 are reversed, the

null point is obtained at distance 32 cm then 1

.
2

(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 4 : 1

(88) 20 : resistance is in one branch and 60 : resistance is in other branch of meterbridge. If resistances
are interchanged in the branches then the null point will be displaced by distance .
(A) 33.3 cm (B) 66.67 cm (C) 25 cm (D) 50 cm
(89) The specific resistance of potentiometer wire is 1012 : and current flowing through it is 0.5 A.
If area of cross section of wire is 106 m2 then potential gradient will be Vm1 .

(A) 2.5 u 107 (B) 5 u 107 (C) 7.5 u 107 (D) 10 u 107
(90) The potentiometer wire of length 10 m and resistance 40 : is connected with resistance box
and cell of 2 V. If potential gradient is of 0.1 mVcm –1 then the resistance R = from
the resistance box. .
(A) 260 : (B) 760 : (C) 960 : (D) 1060 :

Ans. : 80 (B), 81 (B), 82 (C), 83 (A), 84 (B), 85 (C), 86 (C), 87 (C), 88 (D), 89 (B), 90 (B)

313
Electrical energy and power

Electrical energy consumed, W

V2
VIt I 2 Rt t
R

Joule’s law, The heat energy produced, P I 2R t

Now, J
W W I 2 Rt
ŸH
H J J

(91) In the following circuit the heat produced per minute in R 2

3 : resistance will be J.

R1 6 :
(A) 640 (B) 1280
R2 3 :
(C) 960 (D) 320

+ – R3 1 :

12 V
(92) There are 15 bulbs each of 40 W, 5 bulbs each of 100 W, 5 fans each of 80 W and a heater of
1 kW in a house. Electric source has potential of 220 V. Then the fuse in the house should be
with minimum capacity of A.
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 8 (D) 10
(93) An electric motor draws 5 A electric current when connected with 200 V D.C. supply. If
efficiency of motor is 60 % then resistance of winding wire of motor will be .
(A) 4 : (B) 8 : (C) 16 : (D) 24 :

(94) n bulbs are made such that each have power P for same supply voltage. If all are connected in
series with same supply voltage then power drawn in each will be .

(A) P (B) nP (C) (D)

P P
n n2

(95) Two filaments of same length are first connected in series and then connected in parallel. For the
same current of source, the ratio of heat produced in both the cases will be .
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 2 : 1

(96) Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected with a battery of zero internal resistance. The Joule
heat produced in parallel combination should be 5 times than the Joule heat produced in series
combination. If resistance R1 100 : then R 2 :.

(A) 200 or 30 (B) 249 or 51 (C) 262 or 38 (D) 410 or 65

(97) The rate of melting of ice when 210 V supply is given to the wire of 20 : resistance passed
through ice will be .
(A) 6.56 gs –1 (B) 5.66 gs –1 (C) 1.92 gs –1 (D) 0.85 gs –1

314
(98) A bulb B1 of 100 W-250 V rating and two bulbs B2 and B3 of 60 W, 250 V rating are connected with
supply of 250 V as shown in the figure. If W1 , W2 and W3 are output power of bulb B1 , B2 and B3
respectively then
B1 B2
.
(A) W1 > W2 = W3 (B) W1 > W2 > W3
(C) W1 < W2 = W3 (D) W1 < W2 < W3
B3

250
(99) The water in the electric kettle start boiling after 15 minute. Now if length of heating wire of

electric kettle is made times than initial length, then the same amount of water will start boiling
2
3
after time for same supply voltage.
(A) 8 minute (B) 10 minute (C) 12 minute (D) 15 minute
(100) The series combination of four identical resistors connected with battery consumes 20W power.
If these four resistances are connected parallel to the same battery then power consumed will
be
(A) 80 W (B) 100 W (C) 5 W (D) 320 W

Ans. : 91 (B), 92 (A), 93 (C), 94 (C), 95 (B), 96 (C), 97 (A), 98 (D), 99 (B), 100 (D)

Question related to experiments

(101) Which of the following circuit can be used to prove Ohm’s law ?
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(102) The dimensions of a conductor having specific resistance U are as shown in figure. Then what
will be effective resistance between A and B ?

B
b
Ub Ua
(A) (B)
a
ac bc
c
U ab Uc
(C) (D)
c ab
A
315
(103) The resistance of a conductor is 2 : at 300 K temperature, then at what temperature it’s
resistance will be 4 : ? For this resistance D 1.25 u 103 qC1 .
(A) 1100 °C (B) 827 °C (C) 1127 qC (D) 800 qC
(104) The equivalant resistance of parallel combination of n resistances is x : . When one resistance is
removed from this combination, the equivalent resistance becomes y : . Then the value of
removed resistance will be .

 y  x
xy xy
(A)  x  y (B)  y  x (C) (D) xy

(105) The V o I graph for a conductor at temperature T1 and T2 is as shown in figure. Then the term
 T2 – T1  proportional to .

T2 (A) c os 2T (B) s in 2T
(C) cot 2T (D) tan 2T
Voltage T1

T
T
current
(106) As shown in the figure, eight resistances each of 4 : are connected with battery of 6 V and
negligible internal resistance. Then the current flowing in circuit I = .

6V (A) 0.25 A (B) 0.50 A

I
A B C D (C) 0.75 A (D) 1.0 A

F E
(107) The electric current flowing through the battery in given circuit will be A.

6:
(A) 2 A (B) 3 A

3: 12 : (C) 6 A (D) 9 A

I
+ 4:
9V–

(108) A wire of resistance R is compressed uniformly till its radius becomes n times the initial radius,
then new resistance of wire will be .

(A) (B) (C) (D) nR

R R R
n4 n2 n

316
(109) Three identical resistors connected in series with source of emf consumes 100 W power. If
three resistances are connected in parallel with same source of emf then the power consumed
will be W.

(A) (B) 100 (C) 300 (D) 900

100
3

(110) V o I graphs for series and parallel connection of two identical resistors are as shown in figure.
Which graph is for parallel connection ?
(A) a
b (B) b
V (C) a and b
B a
(D) Not any one from a and b
A

0 Io
(111) In an experiment of a meter bridge, unknown resistance x W and resistance 12 : are connected
with thin uniform wire of meter bridge. After connecting electrical components properly, the null
point is obtained with jocky key at distance 60 cm from point A on AB wire, then value of
unknown resistance will be . (Positive terminal of battery is connected with A)
(A) 18 : (B) 8 : (C) 16 : (D) 4 :
(112) In the circuit of meterbridge, coil P and Q with small resistance are connected in two gaps. At
that time, the null point in obtained with jockey key at 40 cm from the end of P. If 60 :
resistance is connected parallel to Q, the null point is displaced by 20 cm then what will be
resistance of P and Q ?
(A) 50 : and 75 : (B) 60 : and 30 : (C) 20 : and 40 : (D) 10 : and 50 :
(113) Six resistances each of value r are arranged as shown in the figure, then effective resistance
between A and B will be .
D
r (A) (B) 2r
2
r 3
r
r
A C
r
r (C) r (D)
r
r 2
B
(114) For any conductor, V o I graphs at different temperatures are as shown in figure, then .
T3

T2 (A) T1  T2  T3 (B) T1 T2 T3

V T1

T1  T3
(C) T1 ! T2 ! T3 (D) T2
2
0 oI
317
(115) In an experiment of meter bridge, when resistance P is balanced by Q, the null point from one
end of wire is obtained at distance 20 cm. If P < Q and 4P is balanced with Q then the null
point will be at distance .
(A) 50 cm (B) 80 cm (C) 40 cm (D) 70 cm
(116) The resistances of four branches P, Q, R, and S of a wheatstone bridge are 10 : , 30 : , 20 :
and 60 : respectively. The emf and internal resistance of cell are 5 V and 2 : respectively. If
resistance of galvenometer is 60 : then current drawn from the cell will be .
(A) 2 A (B) 0.2 A (C) 0.15 A (D) 0.174 A
(117) In the circuit of wheatstone bridge, different resistances are connected as shown in figure. Current
flowing through galvanometer is zero. If heating effect are neglected then in which following
condition, the current through galvanometer will not be zero ?
(A) emf of cell is doubled
R1 R2
(B) Exchanging battery and galvenometer
(C) Resistances of circuit are doubled

(D) Interchanging resistances R1 and R2

R3 R4

(118) In the circuit of potentiometer, the null point is obtained at distance 35 cm when a cell of 1.25 V
is connected. If the cell is changed, the null point displaces to distance 63 cm then emf of second
cell will be .
(A) 1.75 V (B) 2 V (C) 2.25 V (D) 2.5 V
(119) In an experiment of potentiometer, the null point is obtained at 250 cm for one cell. If parallel to
this cell, a 2 : resistance is connected then the null point is obtained at 125 cm, then the
internal resistance of cell will be .
(A) 2 : (B) 4 : (C) 0.5 : (D) 1 :
(120) A wire of length 10 m is connected with steady voltage source of potentiometer. When primary
cell connected with it is in open circuit condition, the null point is obtained at 7.8 m. When
current is flowing through primary cell and resistance of 10 : connected with it, the null point is
obtained at distance 7 m, then internal resistance of primary cell will be .
(A) 1.24 : (B) 1.36 : (C) 1.14 : (D) 1 :
(121) The resistance and length of potentiometer wire are 10 : and 100 cm in an experiment of
potentiometer. A cell of 2 V emf with negligible internal resistance and resistance R are
connected in series with it. If null point is obtained at length 40 cm for a voltage source of 10 mV
emf then value of resistance R will be .
(A) 900 : (B) 820 : (C) 790 : (D) 670 :
318
(122) A battery of emf 2 V and internal resistance 1 : is connected with the potentiometer of length

200 cm and resistance 4 : and electric current is passed then the potential gradient will

be .
(A) 8 u 10 3 Vcm –1 (B) 4 u 103 Vcm –1 (C) 6 u 10 3 Vcm –1 (D) 2 u 10 3 Vcm –1

(123) A steady voltage source is connected with potentiometer wire of length 4 m. The null point is
obtained at distance 1 m for Leclanche cell. If length of potentiometer wire is increased by 1 m
then for the same Lenchanche cell, the null point will be obtained at .
(A) 1.25 cm (B) 1.4 m (C) 1.75 m (D) 1.2 m

(124) Resistance of potentiometer wire of length 15 m is 30 : . It is connected in series with 5 V

battery and 20 : resistance, then the potential difference between two point seperated by

40 cm on the wire will be .

(A) 0.02 V (B) 0.06 V (C) 0.08 V (D) 0.1 V

Ans. : 101 (A), 102 (A), 103 (B), 104 (B), 105 (C), 106 (D), 107 (B), 108 (A), 109 (D),
110 (A), 111 (B), 112 (A), 113 (D), 114 (A), 115 (A), 116 (D), 117 (D), 118 (C),
119 (A), 120 (C), 121 (C), 122 (A), 123 (A), 124 (C)

Comprehension Type Questions :

Passage I :

In an experiment, the current flowing through a cell and potential difference across it’s terminal
are measured and following observation table is prepared.

S.No. V (volt) I (Ampere)

1. 1.2 0.04
2. 0.8 0.12
3. 0.4 0.20

(125) What is the emf of cell used in experiment ?

(A) 1.5 V (B) 1.4 V (C) 2 V (D) 2.5 V

(126) What will be the maximum current that can be withdrawn from cell ?
(A) 0.25 A (B) 0.28 A (C) 0.3 A (D) 0.35 A
(127) What will be maximum power can be withdrawn from cell ?
(A) 50 mW (B) 98 mW (C) 9.8 mW (D) 49 mW

319
Passage II :

A battery of emf 14 V and internal resistance 1 : is connected with another battery of emf
20 V and internal resistance 2 : in opposing mode and circuit is completed. Find the following
quantities in this condition.

(128) Current flowing in circuit.

(A) 1 A (B) 3 A (C) 2 A (D) 4 A

(129) Electric power in both batteries

(A) 14 W, 20 W (B) 15 W, 10 W (C) 30 W, 45 W (D) 28 W, 40 W
(130) Terminal voltage of both batteries
(A) 12 V, 24 V (B) 15 V, 20 V (C) 10 V, 30 V (D) 8 V, 12 V
(131) Electric power consumed in both batteries.
(A) 8 W, 4 W (B) 4 W, 8 W (C) 5 W, 10 W (D) 6 W, 9 W
(132) Bulbs A and B have ratings 40 W, 110 V and 100 W, 110 V respectively, then find the
resistances of their filament.
(A) 120 :, 250 : (B) 302.5 :, 121 :
(C) 100 :, 110 : (D) 25 :, 60 :
(133) If above two bulbs are connected in series with supply of 220 V then which bulb will be fused ?
(A) Bulb A (B) Bulb B
(C) Both A and B (D) No one will be fused

Ans. : 125 (B), 126 (B), 127 (B), 128 (C), 129 (D), 130 (A), 131 (B), 132 (B), 133 (A)

Assertion - Reason type Question :

Instruction : Read assertion and reason carefully, select proper option from given below.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason explains the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason does not explain the assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false and reason is true.

(134) Assertion : As temperature is increased, the drift volecity of electrons in metal decreases.
Reason : If temperature is increased, the conductivity of metal decreases.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
 P+Q  (R+S)
(135) Assertion : When Wheatstone bridge is in balanced condition R AC  P+Q+R+S 
Reason : Points B and D are at same electric potential.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d

320
(136) Assertion : Two bulbs of 60 W and 200 W are given. When they are conected in series, bulb of 60 W
glow more bright and when connected in parallel, 200 W bulb glow more bright.
Reason : In series connection, power directly proportional to resistance and in parallel
connection, power inversly proportional to resistance.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
(137) Assertion : The ratio of resultant resistance of two resistors of same resistance when first
connected in series and then connected in parallel is 4:1.
Reason : In series connection, resistancce increases and in parallel connection, the resistance decreases
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
(138) Assertion : The resistance of fuse wire is more and it’s melting point is high.
Reason : Fuse wire is used for small electric current only.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
(139) Assertion : Voltmeter measures terminal voltage (V) of battery, not it’s emf ( H )
Reason : When voltmeter is connected with battery, electric current passes through battery.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
(140) Assertion : For semi conductors, as temperature is increased, their resistivity decreases.
Reason : Semiconductors obey Ohm’s law.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d

Ans. : 134 (B), 135 (B), 136 (A), 137 (B), 138 (D), 139 (A), 140 (C)

Matching type Questions :

(141)
Column-1 Column-2
(a) Resistivity (p) M -1 Lo T -2 A1 (A) a (r), b (p), c (s), d (q)
(b) Mobility (q) 1
M L T 2 -3
(B) a (p), b (q), c (r), d (s)
(c) Electomotive force (r) M1 L3 T -3 A -2 (C) a (q), b (r), c (s), d (p)

(d) Electric Power (s) M1 L2 T -3 A -1 (D) a (s), b (p), c (q), d (r)

(142)
Column-1 Column-2

(a) Kirchoff’s first law (p) ¦ IR ¦ H

H l (A) a (s), b (q), c (r), d (p)
(b) Wheatstone bridge (q) H l
1 1

2 2 (B) a (p), b (r), c (q), d (s)

(c) Kirchoff’s second law (r) ¦I 0 (C) a (q), b (p), c (r), d (s)
(D) a (r), b (s), c (p), d (q)
R1 R3
(d) Potentiometer (s) =
R2 R 4

Ans. : 141 (A), 142 (D)

321