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3 10 Calculations Involving A Limiting Reactant

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103 views12 pages

3 10 Calculations Involving A Limiting Reactant

gg

Uploaded by

Jeycule Berendez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

10 Calculations
Involving a Limiting
Reactant
Definitions

• Limiting-reactant principle – The maximum


amount of product possible from a reaction is
determined by the amount of reactant present
in the least amount, based on its reaction
coefficient and molecular weight.
• Limiting reactant – the reactant present in a
reaction in the least amount, based on its
reaction coefficients and molecular weight. It
is the reactant that determines the maximum
amount of product that can be formed.

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Chemical Reaction for CO2

Reactants Product

O2 (g) CO2 (g)


C(s)

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Mixture of reactants

C(s) O2(g)
CO2(g) + unreacted O2

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Learning Check

For the balanced equation shown below, what would be


the limiting reagent if 79.6 grams of NO were reacted
with 59.5 grams of O2?

2NO+O2=>2NO2 ; NO or O2

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Solution

To answer this question, calculate the grams of NO2


needed to react fully with 79.6 grams of NO and 59.5
grams of O2, by using the balanced equation.

79.6 g X 1 mol of NO X 2 mol of NO2 X 46 grams of NO2


of NO 30.0 g of NO 2 mol of NO 1 mol of NO2
= 122.05 grams of NO2
59.5 g X 1 mol of O2 X 2 mol of NO2 X 46 grams of NO2
of O2 32.0 g of O2 1 mol of O2 1 mol of NO2
= 171.06 grams of NO2
There is less NO2 with NO than O2, therefore,
the limiting reactant is NO
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3–6
Learning Check

For the balanced equation shown below, if 19.1 grams of


CH5N were reacted with 88.1 grams of O2, how many
grams of CO2 would be produced, using the limited
reactant to determine the quantity of a product that
should be produced ?

4CH5N + 11O2 => 4CO2 + 10H2O + 4NO

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Solution

To answer this question, calculate the grams of NO2


needed to react fully with 19.1 grams of CH5N and 88.1
grams of O2, by using the balanced equation.

19.1 g of X 1 mol of CH5N X 4 mol of CO2 X 44 g of CO2


CH5N 31.0 g of CH5N 4 mol of CH5O 1 mol of NO2
= 21.1 grams of CO2
88.1 g X 1 mol of O2 X 4 mol of CO2 X 44 grams of CO2
of O2 32.0 g of O2 11 mol of O2 1 mol of CO2
= 44.1 grams of CO2
There is 21.1 g of CO2 produced with CH5N
than O2, which is the limiting reactant
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Percent Yield
• Percentage yield – the percentage of the
theoretical amount of a product actually
produced by a reaction.
• Actual yield – the mass product obtained in an
experiment.
• Theoretical yield – the mass calculated to give
the maximum amount of product.

% yield = Actual yield X 100


Theoretical yield

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Learning Check

A chemist wants to produce urea (N2CH4O) by reacting


ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The balanced
equation for the reaction is

2NH3(g) + CO2 (g) Æ N2CH4O(s) + H2O(l)

The chemist reacts 5.11 g NH3 with excess CO2 and


isolates 3.12 g of solid N2CH4O. Calculate the
percentage yield of the experiment.

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Solution

To answer this question, calculate first the theoretical


yield of N2CH4O that should be made. Then use the
actual yield to calculate the percentage yield.

5.11 g of X 1 mol of NH3 1 mol of N2CH4O 60.1 g of N2CH4O


NH3 17.0 g of NH3 X 2 mol of NH3 X
1 mol of N2CH4O
= 9.03 grams of N2CH4O is the theoretical yield

The actual yield was 3.12 g of N2CH4O, so the % yield is


% yield = Actual yield X 100 = 3.12 g X 100 = 34.6%
Theoretical yield 9.03 g

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Learning Check
• Methanol (CH3OH), also called methyl
alcohol, is the simplest alcohol. It is used as
a fuel in race cars and is a potential
replacement for gasoline. Methanol can be
manufactured by combination of gaseous
carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Suppose
68.5 kg CO(g) is reacted with 8.60 kg H2(g).
Calculate the theoretical yield of methanol. If
3.57x104 g CH3OH is actually produced, what
is the percent yield of methanol?

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