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Lab 4 Intro To CSS

This document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and how to use CSS with HTML. It defines CSS, explains the CSS syntax with selectors and declaration blocks, and describes three ways to insert CSS - using external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. It also covers the cascading order of multiple styles and the differences between CSS classes and IDs. Finally, it provides a lab task and link to further resources on the CSS Grid layout module.

Uploaded by

Mehwish Pervaiz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
470 views

Lab 4 Intro To CSS

This document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and how to use CSS with HTML. It defines CSS, explains the CSS syntax with selectors and declaration blocks, and describes three ways to insert CSS - using external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. It also covers the cascading order of multiple styles and the differences between CSS classes and IDs. Finally, it provides a lab task and link to further resources on the CSS Grid layout module.

Uploaded by

Mehwish Pervaiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS University Islamabad

Lab Manual 4
“CSS”

WEB TECHNOLOGIES

Department of Computer Science


COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

1 Goal:
Understanding of “What is CSS?” How
to Use CSS With HTML tags.

2 What is CSS?

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets


• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media
• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

3 CSS Syntax

A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly
braces.

4 Three Ways to Insert CSS

• External style sheet


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COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

• Internal style sheet


• Inline style

4.1 External Style Sheet


With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just
one file!

Each page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the <link> element.
The <link> element goes inside the <head> section:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head>

4.2 Internal Style Sheet


An internal style sheet may be used if one single page has a unique style.

Internal styles are defined within the <style> element, inside the <head> section of an HTML page:

<head>
<style> body
{
background-color: linen;
}

h1 {
color: maroon; margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>

4.3 Inline Styles

An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.

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COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain
any CSS property.

The example below shows how to change the color and the left margin of a <h1> element:

<h1 style="color:blue;margin-left:30px;">This is a
heading</h1>

Class vs ID
In the CSS, a class selector is a name preceded by a full stop (“.”)
and an ID selector is a name preceded by a hash character (“#”).

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COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

The difference between an ID and a class is that an ID can be used to


identify one element, whereas a class can be used to identify more
than one.

5 Cascading Order
What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?

Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the
following rules, where number one has the highest priority:

1. Inline style (inside an HTML element)


2. External and internal style sheets (in the head section)
3. Browser default

So, an inline style (inside a specific HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will
override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or a browser default value.

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COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

CSS Grid Layout Module

https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_grid.asp

<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-item">1</div>
<div class="grid-item">2</div>
<div class="grid-item">3</div>
<div class="grid-item">4</div>
<div class="grid-item">5</div>
<div class="grid-item">6</div>
<div class="grid-item">7</div>
<div class="grid-item">8</div>
<div class="grid-item">9</div>
</div>

6 Lab Task

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COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Web Technologies

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