Category:Computing and electronics - Engineering and Technology History Wiki 7/2/20, 10(48 pm

Category:Computing and electronics

Background
Computers and electronics play an enormous role in
today's society, impacting everything from
communication and medicine to science.

Although computers are typically viewed as a modern

invention involving electronics, computing predates the
use of electrical devices. The ancient abacus was perhaps
the first digital computing device. Analog computing
dates back several millennia as primitive computing
devices were used as early as the ancient Greeks and
Romans, the most known complex of which being the
Antikythera mechanism. Later devices such as the castle
clock (1206), slide rule (c. 1624) and Babbage's Difference
Engine (1822) are other examples of early mechanical
analog computers.

The introduction of electric power in the 19th century led

to the rise of electrical and hybrid electro-mechanical
devices to carry out both digital (Hollerith punch-card
machine) and analog (Bush’s differential analyzer) (/File:0025_-_ENIAC.jpg)
calculation. Telephone switching came to be based on The ENIAC
this technology, which led to the development of
machines that we would recognize as early computers.

The presentation of the Edison Effect in 1885 provided the theoretical background for electronic devices. Originally
in the form of vacuum tubes, electronic components were rapidly integrated into electric devices, revolutionizing
radio and later television. It was in computers however, where the full impact of electronics was felt. Analog
computers used to calculate ballistics were crucial to the outcome of World War II, and the Colossus and the ENIAC,
the two earliest electronic digital computers, were developed during the war.

With the invention of solid-state electronics, the transistor and ultimately the integrated circuit, computers would
become much smaller and eventually affordable for the average consumer. Today “computers” are present in
nearly every aspect of everyday life, from watches to automobiles.

STARS Articles
STARS articles are peer-reviewed articles on the history of major developments in technology. Available in the
computers and information processing category are:

Differential Analyzers (/Differential_Analyzers)

Early Punched Card Equipment, 1880 - 1951 (/Early_Punched_Card_Equipment,_1880_-_1951)
Early Popular Computers, 1950 - 1970 (/Early_Popular_Computers,_1950_-_1970)
Electronic Calculators: Desktop to Pocket (/Electronic_Calculators:_Desktop_to_Pocket)
IBM System/360 (/IBM_System/360)
Inventing the Computer (/Inventing_the_Computer)
Software Industry (/Software_Industry)
Word Processing for the Japanese Language (/Word_Processing_for_the_Japanese_Language)

Subcategories
Automation (/Category:Automation) - The use of information technologies and control systems to reduce
the need for human labor in the production of goods and services
Circuitry (/Category:Circuitry) - Included are topics which deal with the workings and issues dealing with
circuitry, such as circuit noise, silicon on insulator technology and circuit synthesis
Computational and artificial intelligence (/Category:Computational_and_artificial_intelligence) -
Covers aspects dealing with artificial intelligence from a computational standpoint
Computer applications (/Category:Computer_applications) - Various practical applications of computing
such as computer aided design and telecommunications community
Computer architecture (/Category:Computer_architecture) - The inner workings of computers, including
data structures, system buses and distributed computing
Computer classes (/Category:Computer_classes) - Different kinds of computers, such as calculators,
analog and digital computers.
Computer networks (/Category:Computer_networks) - Topics dealing with networking, such as IP
networks, multicasting and WAN.
Computer science (/Category:Computer_science) - The mathematical, algorithmic and scientific elements
of computing are included here, such as algorithm analysis, programming and graph theory.
Computing (/Category:Computing) - Various types of computing such as high performance, mobile and
optical computing
Consumer electronics (/Category:Consumer_electronics) - Electronic devices designed for consumer
purchases such as sound systems

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Contacts (/Category:Contacts) - Electrical contacts for joining electrical circuits

Data systems (/Category:Data_systems) - Topics dealing with systems that process data
Digital systems (/Category:Digital_systems) - Systems like metropolitan area networks and token
networks are covered under this category
Distributed computing (/Category:Distributed_computing) - All aspects of distributed computing
including client-server systems, peer to peer computing and file servers are included in this category
Electron devices (/Category:Electron_devices) - Electron devices and tubes such as cathode ray tubes,
vacuum tubes and electron guns
Electronic components (/Category:Electronic_components) - Topics pertaining to components such as
capacitors, resistors, diodes and switches
Electronic equipment manufacture (/Category:Electronic_equipment_manufacture) - Various elements
related to the manufacturing element of components, circuitry and devices are included in this category
Filtering (/Category:Filtering) - Different types of filtering methods such as active, Bragg and harmonic
filters
High-speed electronics (/Category:High-speed_electronics) - Includes integrated circuits, networks, and
Ultrafast electronics.
Image processing (/Category:Image_processing) - Topics relating to processing of computer images
Imaging (/Category:Imaging) - Devices which display an object's outward appearance
Industrial electronics (/Category:Industrial_electronics) - Power electronics used in an industrial setting
Information display (/Category:Information_display) - Electronic and liquid screens and displays
Information theory (/Category:Information_theory) - The processing of information via the use of applied
mathematics and electrical engineering
Integrated circuits (/Category:Integrated_circuits) - One of the 20th century's largest breakthroughs in
electronics, integrated circuits paved the way for miniaturized electronics
Logic devices (/Category:Logic_devices) - Logic gates and arrays are among the concepts which provide a
foundation for digital circuits
Memory (/Category:Memory) - Computer memory such as analog memory, flash memory and read only
memory are included
Multitasking (/Category:Multitasking) - Multitasking is the act of performing two or more tasks at the
same time
Open systems (/Category:Open_systems) - Computer systems which provide a platform of interoperability
Oscillators (/Category:Oscillators) - Various kinds of oscillators and their applications related to electric
devices
Pattern recognition (/Category:Pattern_recognition) - Methods of using computers to recognize patterns
such as character recognition, data mining and text recognition
Pervasive computing (/Category:Pervasive_computing) - A ubiquitous computing model in which
information processing is integrated with common objects
Sensors (/Category:Sensors) - A sensor is a measurement device which produces a readable signal
Software & software engineering (/Category:Software_%26_software_engineering) - Topics dealing with
various elements of software and its design
Solid state circuits (/Category:Solid_state_circuits) - Devices composed of a solid material where the flow
of electronics is confined to the solid material
System recovery (/Category:System_recovery) - Various aspects of system recovery and backup such as
core dumps and debugging
Thermal management of electronics (/Category:Thermal_management_of_electronics) - Topics dealing
with heat in electronics
Tunable circuits and devices (/Category:Tunable_circuits_and_devices) - Topics dealing with circuits and
devices which may be tuned such as RLC circuits

Pages in category "Computing and

electronics"
The following 1,399 pages are in this category, out of 1,399 total.

1
New Technologies in the Summer of 1959 (/New_Technologies_in_the_Summer_of_1959)

3
First-Hand:39 years with IBM (/First-Hand:39_years_with_IBM)

A
First-Hand:A Birth of Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) and Early Days of Its Promotion Activities
(/First-
Hand:A_Birth_of_Gapless_Metal_Oxide_Surge_Arrester_(MOSA)_and_Early_Days_of_Its_Promotion_Activities)
First-Hand:A Brief Account of Spell Checking as Developed by Houghton Mifflin Company (/First-
Hand:A_Brief_Account_of_Spell_Checking_as_Developed_by_Houghton_Mifflin_Company)
First-Hand:A Hidden Voltage Source (/First-Hand:A_Hidden_Voltage_Source)
First-Hand:A Look Back over the First 50 Years of IEEE (/First-

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First-Hand:A Look Back over the First 50 Years of IEEE (/First-

Hand:A_Look_Back_over_the_First_50_Years_of_IEEE)
First-Hand:A Memorable Period (/First-Hand:A_Memorable_Period)
A Small-C cross-compiler for the IBM 1401 (/A_Small-C_cross-compiler_for_the_IBM_1401)
Archives:A Survey of MOS Process Technologies (/Archives:A_Survey_of_MOS_Process_Technologies)
M. Robert Aaron (/M._Robert_Aaron)
Abbey Road Studios (/Abbey_Road_Studios)
ACE Computer (/ACE_Computer)
Jeanne Clare Adams (/Jeanne_Clare_Adams)
Robert W. Adams (/Robert_W._Adams)
Oral-History:Willis Adcock (/Oral-History:Willis_Adcock)
Oral-History:Michael Adler (/Oral-History:Michael_Adler)
Archives:Aerospace Computer Characteristics and Design Trends
(/Archives:Aerospace_Computer_Characteristics_and_Design_Trends)
Howard Aiken (/Howard_Aiken)
Oral-History:William Ross Aiken (/Oral-History:William_Ross_Aiken)
Oral-History:Rachid Alami (/Oral-History:Rachid_Alami)
Alan Conrad Bovik (/Alan_Conrad_Bovik)
Samuel N. Alexander (/Samuel_N._Alexander)
Oral-History:Alicia Casals (/Oral-History:Alicia_Casals)
Oral-History:Royal P. Allaire (/Oral-History:Royal_P._Allaire)
Oral-History:Frances "Fran" Allen (/Oral-History:Frances_%22Fran%22_Allen)
Oral-History:Allison Okamura (/Oral-History:Allison_Okamura)
Saul Amarel (/Saul_Amarel)
Amateur Radio (/Amateur_Radio)
Milestones:American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII, 1963
(/Milestones:American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange_ASCII,_1963)
First-Hand:An Eclectic Electrical Engineer (/First-Hand:An_Eclectic_Electrical_Engineer)
Oral-History:Fred Andrews (/Oral-History:Fred_Andrews)
Oliver L. Angevine (/Oliver_L._Angevine)
Antenna Measurements (/Antenna_Measurements)
Dimitri A. Antoniadis (/Dimitri_A._Antoniadis)
Antun Domic (/Antun_Domic)
Tomonori Aoyama (/Tomonori_Aoyama)
Milestones:Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) (/Milestones:Apollo_Guidance_Computer_(AGC))
Milestones:Apollo Guidance Computer, 1962-1972 (/Milestones:Apollo_Guidance_Computer,_1962-1972)
Erdal Arikan (/Erdal_Arikan)
Oral-History:Ronald Arkin (/Oral-History:Ronald_Arkin)
ARPANET (/ARPANET)
Milestones:Inception of the ARPANET, 1969 (/Milestones:Inception_of_the_ARPANET,_1969)
ASCII (/ASCII)
Oral-History:Eric Ash (/Oral-History:Eric_Ash)
Kevin Ashton (/Kevin_Ashton)
Oral-History:William Aspray (/Oral-History:William_Aspray)
Mansour H. Assaf (/Mansour_H._Assaf)
Morton M. Astrahan (/Morton_M._Astrahan)
Oral-History:Karl Astrom (/Oral-History:Karl_Astrom)
Karl J. Astrom (/Karl_J._Astrom)
Archives:Karl Aström Interview (/Archives:Karl_Astr%C3%B6m_Interview)
John V. Atanasoff (/John_V._Atanasoff)
Milestones:Atanasoff-Berry Computer, 1939 (/Milestones:Atanasoff-Berry_Computer,_1939)
Archives:Mike Athans Interview (/Archives:Mike_Athans_Interview)
Oral-History:Chris Atkeson (/Oral-History:Chris_Atkeson)
De Forest Audion (/De_Forest_Audion)
Isaac L. Auerbach (/Isaac_L._Auerbach)
Oral-History:Werner F. Auerbacher (/Oral-History:Werner_F._Auerbacher)
David H. Auston (/David_H._Auston)
Electrical Power Connectors - Australia (/Electrical_Power_Connectors_-_Australia)
Archives:Jack Avins, The Essence of Engineering (/Archives:Jack_Avins,_The_Essence_of_Engineering)
Oral-History:Ayanna Howard (/Oral-History:Ayanna_Howard)
Hertha Ayrton (/Hertha_Ayrton)

B
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: Garry J. Tee Discusses Charles Babbage
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_Garry_J._Tee_Discusses_Charles_Babbage)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: Garry J. Tee Discusses Charles Babbage, segment 1
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_Garry_J._Tee_Discusses_Charles_Babbage,_segment_1)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: Garry J. Tee Discusses Charles Babbage, segment 2
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_Garry_J._Tee_Discusses_Charles_Babbage,_segment_2)
Giorgio Baccarani (/Giorgio_Baccarani)
Richard J. Backe (/Richard_J._Backe)
John Backus (/John_Backus)
Oral-History:Jean Bacon (/Oral-History:Jean_Bacon)

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Oral-History:Jean Bacon (/Oral-History:Jean_Bacon)

Victor Bahl (/Victor_Bahl)
Oral-History:James J. Bailey and Rosalie Dunn (/Oral-History:James_J._Bailey_and_Rosalie_Dunn)
Oral-History:Robert Baim (/Oral-History:Robert_Baim)
Oral-History:Kenneth T. Bainbridge (/Oral-History:Kenneth_T._Bainbridge)
John Logie Baird (/John_Logie_Baird)
Oral-History:Ruzena Bajcsy (2002) (/Oral-History:Ruzena_Bajcsy_(2002))
Oral-History:Jack Balde (/Oral-History:Jack_Balde)
Henry Baltes (/Henry_Baltes)
Amir Ban (/Amir_Ban)
Kaustav Banerjee (/Kaustav_Banerjee)
Sanjay Kumar Banerjee (/Sanjay_Kumar_Banerjee)
First-Hand:Banging the Large Drum Slowly (/First-Hand:Banging_the_Large_Drum_Slowly)
Avram Bar-Cohen (/Avram_Bar-Cohen)
Oral-History:Paul Baran (/Oral-History:Paul_Baran)
John S. Baras (/John_S._Baras)
Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley invent the transistor (/Bardeen,_Brattain,_Shockley_invent_the_transistor)
William S. Barstow (/William_S._Barstow)
Oral-History:Lionel Barthold (/Oral-History:Lionel_Barthold)
Jean Bartik (/Jean_Bartik)
Oral-History:Jean Bartik (/Oral-History:Jean_Bartik)
Tamer Basar (/Tamer_Basar)
Archives:Batch-Processed Alphanumeric Displays (/Archives:Batch-Processed_Alphanumeric_Displays)
George A. Bekey (/George_A._Bekey)
Bell Labs (/Bell_Labs)
Archives:Bell Labs & The Origins of the Multimedia Artist
(/Archives:Bell_Labs_%26_The_Origins_of_the_Multimedia_Artist)
Oral-History:Maurice Bellanger (/Oral-History:Maurice_Bellanger)
Richard Bellman (/Richard_Bellman)
Oral-History:Ottorino Beltrami (/Oral-History:Ottorino_Beltrami)
Oral-History:Leo Beranek (1996) (/Oral-History:Leo_Beranek_(1996))
Leo L. Beranek (/Leo_L._Beranek)
Horst H. Berger (/Horst_H._Berger)
Berger Publishes Paper on Electroencephalogram (/Berger_Publishes_Paper_on_Electroencephalogram)
Oral-History:Fran Berman (/Oral-History:Fran_Berman)
Oral-History:Mary Lee Berners-Lee (/Oral-History:Mary_Lee_Berners-Lee)
Oral-History:Tim Berners-Lee (/Oral-History:Tim_Berners-Lee)
Claude Berrou (/Claude_Berrou)
Oral-History:Harold H. Beverage and H. O. Peterson (/Oral-History:Harold_H._Beverage_and_H._O._Peterson)
Marek E. Bialkowski (/Marek_E._Bialkowski)
Oral-History:Gottfried Biegelmeier (/Oral-History:Gottfried_Biegelmeier)
Dieter Bimberg (/Dieter_Bimberg)
Biology and Computers: A lesson in what is possible
(/Biology_and_Computers:_A_lesson_in_what_is_possible)
Joel S. Birnbaum (/Joel_S._Birnbaum)
Birth of Radio Location in the United States Navy - Chapter 4 of Radar and the Fighter Directors
(/Birth_of_Radio_Location_in_the_United_States_Navy_-_Chapter_4_of_Radar_and_the_Fighter_Directors)
Oral-History:Harold S. Black (/Oral-History:Harold_S._Black)
Nora Stanton Blatch (/Nora_Stanton_Blatch)
Oral-History:Woodrow Wilson Bledsoe (/Oral-History:Woodrow_Wilson_Bledsoe)
Milestones:Code-breaking at Bletchley Park during World War II, 1939-1945 (/Milestones:Code-
breaking_at_Bletchley_Park_during_World_War_II,_1939-1945)
First-Hand:Bletchley Park, Station X - Memories of a Colossus Operator (/First-
Hand:Bletchley_Park,_Station_X_-_Memories_of_a_Colossus_Operator)
Oral-History:Ron Blicq (/Oral-History:Ron_Blicq)
Erich Bloch (/Erich_Bloch)
Richard M. Bloch (/Richard_M._Bloch)
Manuel Blum (/Manuel_Blum)
Alan Dower Blumlein (/Alan_Dower_Blumlein)
First-Hand:BMEWS (/First-Hand:BMEWS)
Oral-History:Bob Bolles (/Oral-History:Bob_Bolles)
Andrew H. Bobeck (/Andrew_H._Bobeck)
Oral-History:Jim Bobrow (/Oral-History:Jim_Bobrow)
Oral-History:Susan Bond (/Oral-History:Susan_Bond)
Oral-History:Gary Boone (/Oral-History:Gary_Boone)
Henry A. H. Boot (/Henry_A._H._Boot)
Oral-History:Anita Borg (/Oral-History:Anita_Borg)
Yan Borodovsky (/Yan_Borodovsky)
Oral-History:Berthold Bosch (/Oral-History:Berthold_Bosch)
Jagadish Chandra Bose (/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose)
Otis Boykin (/Otis_Boykin)
Nasser Bozorg-Grayeli (/Nasser_Bozorg-Grayeli)
John G. Brainerd (/John_G._Brainerd)
Oliver Brand (/Oliver_Brand)

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Oliver Brand (/Oliver_Brand)

Walter H. Brattain (/Walter_H._Brattain)
Karl Braun (/Karl_Braun)
Robert K. Brayton (/Robert_K._Brayton)
Paul Breimyer (/Paul_Breimyer)
A Brief History of Early British Computers (/A_Brief_History_of_Early_British_Computers)
History of Broadband Impedance Matching (/History_of_Broadband_Impedance_Matching)
Robert W. Brodersen (/Robert_W._Brodersen)
Rodney A. Brooks (/Rodney_A._Brooks)
Gordon Stanley Brown (/Gordon_Stanley_Brown)
Walter L. Brown (/Walter_L._Brown)
William C. Brown (/William_C._Brown)
Oral-History:Herbert Bruch (/Oral-History:Herbert_Bruch)
Michel Bruel (/Michel_Bruel)
Oral-History:Per Bruel (/Oral-History:Per_Bruel)
Oral-History:Herman Bruyninckx (/Oral-History:Herman_Bruyninckx)
Randal E. Bryant (/Randal_E._Bryant)
Buckyballs and Nanotubes (/Buckyballs_and_Nanotubes)
First-Hand:Building the U.S. Navy's First Seagoing Digital System - Chapter 4 of the Story of the Naval Tactical
Data System (/First-Hand:Building_the_U.S._Navy%27s_First_Seagoing_Digital_System_-
_Chapter_4_of_the_Story_of_the_Naval_Tactical_Data_System)
Bulletin Board Systems (/Bulletin_Board_Systems)
Oral-History:Richard Burden (/Oral-History:Richard_Burden)
U.S. Census Bureau (/U.S._Census_Bureau)
Mark L. Burgener (/Mark_L._Burgener)
Oral-History:Arthur Burks (/Oral-History:Arthur_Burks)
Robert Page Burr (/Robert_Page_Burr)
William Burroughs (/William_Burroughs)
Oral-History:C. Sidney Burrus (/Oral-History:C._Sidney_Burrus)
Vannevar Bush (/Vannevar_Bush)
Dennis D. Buss (/Dennis_D._Buss)

C
C (/C)
C.L. Liu (/C.L._Liu)
Oral-History:James Thomas Cain (/Oral-History:James_Thomas_Cain)
Oral-History:Betty Campbell (/Oral-History:Betty_Campbell)
Archives:Can Direct Interaction With A Computer Serve You?
(/Archives:Can_Direct_Interaction_With_A_Computer_Serve_You%3F)
I. Muzaffer Canay (/I._Muzaffer_Canay)
Federico Capasso (/Federico_Capasso)
Oral-History:Norm Caplan (/Oral-History:Norm_Caplan)
Oral-History:Brian Carlisle (/Oral-History:Brian_Carlisle)
Oral-History:Carme Torras (/Oral-History:Carme_Torras)
E. Finley Carter (/E._Finley_Carter)
William S. Carter (/William_S._Carter)
Altair (/Altair)
Aileen Cavanagh (/Aileen_Cavanagh)
Cavity Magnetron (/Cavity_Magnetron)
Archives:A Century of Electricals (/Archives:A_Century_of_Electricals)
Oral-History:Vinton Cerf (/Oral-History:Vinton_Cerf)
Vinton Cerf (/Vinton_Cerf)
First-Hand:Chad is Our Most Important Product: An Engineer's Memory of Teletype Corporation (/First-
Hand:Chad_is_Our_Most_Important_Product:_An_Engineer%27s_Memory_of_Teletype_Corporation)
Oral-History:John Chadwick (/Oral-History:John_Chadwick)
E. Leon Chaffee (/E._Leon_Chaffee)
Oral-History:Britton Chance (/Oral-History:Britton_Chance)
Anantha P. Chandrakasan (/Anantha_P._Chandrakasan)
Morris Chang (/Morris_Chang)
Richard A. Chapman (/Richard_A._Chapman)
Oral-History:Charles Maerfeld (/Oral-History:Charles_Maerfeld)
Oral-History:John C. Chato (/Oral-History:John_C._Chato)
Robert S. Chau (/Robert_S._Chau)
Tze-Chiang Chen (/Tze-Chiang_Chen)
Anne Chiang (/Anne_Chiang)
Shang-Yi Chiang (/Shang-Yi_Chiang)
Oral-History:Marvin Chodorow (/Oral-History:Marvin_Chodorow)
Archives:Choosing a Minicomputer (/Archives:Choosing_a_Minicomputer)
Henry R. Chope (/Henry_R._Chope)
Oral-History:Howie Choset (/Oral-History:Howie_Choset)
Stephen Y. Chou (/Stephen_Y._Chou)
Sunlin Chou (/Sunlin_Chou)
John Chowning (/John_Chowning)

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John Chowning (/John_Chowning)

Clayton M. Christensen (/Clayton_M._Christensen)
Oral-History:Chuck Thorpe (/Oral-History:Chuck_Thorpe)
Oral-History:Fan Chung-Graham (/Oral-History:Fan_Chung-Graham)
Archives:Circuit Design Using Personal Computers (/Archives:Circuit_Design_Using_Personal_Computers)
First-Hand:Circuit Design, Fiber Optics, Games, Detector Arrays, Voice Communications: A Journal of an
Electrical Engineer (/First-
Hand:Circuit_Design,_Fiber_Optics,_Games,_Detector_Arrays,_Voice_Communications:_A_Journal_of_an_Electrical_Engineer)
IEEE Circuits and Systems Society History (/IEEE_Circuits_and_Systems_Society_History)
Kimberly Claffy (/Kimberly_Claffy)
Oral-History:Judy Clapp (/Oral-History:Judy_Clapp)
David D. Clark (/David_D._Clark)
CMOS (/CMOS)
Oral-History:John Coales (/Oral-History:John_Coales)
John Cocke (/John_Cocke)
Edgar F. Codd (/Edgar_F._Codd)
Carlos A. Coello Coello (/Carlos_A._Coello_Coello)
Danny Cohen (/Danny_Cohen)
Jean-Pierre Colinge (/Jean-Pierre_Colinge)
Colossus (/Colossus)
First-Hand:Commercialization of Embedded RISC Cores (/First-
Hand:Commercialization_of_Embedded_RISC_Cores)
Communication Technologies and Liberation Movements
(/Communication_Technologies_and_Liberation_Movements)
Archives:Communications and the Computer (/Archives:Communications_and_the_Computer)
IEEE Electronics Packaging Society History (/IEEE_Electronics_Packaging_Society_History)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: An Experiment in Video Oral History Part One: Origins of Electronic
Computation During World War II
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_An_Experiment_in_Video_Oral_History_Part_One:_Origins_of_Electronic_Computation_During_World_War_II)
IEEE Computational Intelligence Society History (/IEEE_Computational_Intelligence_Society_History)
Archives:Workshop on Computer Languages for Process Control
(/Archives:Workshop_on_Computer_Languages_for_Process_Control)
Archives:Computer Aided Network and Circuit Analysis and Design
(/Archives:Computer_Aided_Network_and_Circuit_Analysis_and_Design)
First-Hand:Computer Hot Flashes and Cold Feet (/First-Hand:Computer_Hot_Flashes_and_Cold_Feet)
Computer Language Compiler (/Computer_Language_Compiler)
Archives:Computer Timesharing - What Is It, and What Can it do for the Electrical Engineer
(/Archives:Computer_Timesharing_-_What_Is_It,_and_What_Can_it_do_for_the_Electrical_Engineer)
Computer Viruses (/Computer_Viruses)
Computing in Poland (/Computing_in_Poland)
Oral-History:Charles Concordia (/Oral-History:Charles_Concordia)
Frank Conrad (/Frank_Conrad)
Oral-History:Anthony Constantinides (/Oral-History:Anthony_Constantinides)
First-Hand:Contributions of Russell E. Theisen (/First-Hand:Contributions_of_Russell_E._Theisen)
Lynn Conway (/Lynn_Conway)
Oral-History:Mary Coombs (/Oral-History:Mary_Coombs)
Oral-History:Betty Cooper (/Oral-History:Betty_Cooper)
John A. Copeland (/John_A._Copeland)
Oral-History:Joel Burdick (/Oral-History:Joel_Burdick)
Oral-History:Peter Corke (/Oral-History:Peter_Corke)
Oral-History:William E. Cory (/Oral-History:William_E._Cory)
Patrick Cousot (/Patrick_Cousot)
Oral-History:Wayne Cowell (/Oral-History:Wayne_Cowell)
M. George Craford (/M._George_Craford)
John H. Crawford (/John_H._Crawford)
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Archives:The Computer Pioneers: Electronic Developments During World War II, segment 1
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(/Milestones:Electronic_Numerical_Integrator_and_Computer,_1946)
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Archives:The Computer Pioneers: ENIAC (/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_ENIAC)
The encryption war of WWII: the Enigma encryption machine
(/The_encryption_war_of_WWII:_the_Enigma_encryption_machine)
Ephraim Suhir (/Ephraim_Suhir)
Epilog - What is the “Right Stuff” for a fighter director? - Chapter 14 of Radar and the Fighter Directors
(/Epilog_-_What_is_the_%E2%80%9CRight_Stuff%E2%80%9D_for_a_fighter_director%3F_-
_Chapter_14_of_Radar_and_the_Fighter_Directors)
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ETA Systems Hardware Technologies (1983-88) (/ETA_Systems_Hardware_Technologies_(1983-88))
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Hand:Experiences_and_Reflections_of_a_Computer_Pioneer)

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Federico Faggin (/Federico_Faggin)
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(/Fighter_Direction_Spreads_from_the_Carriers_-_Chapter_9_of_Radar_and_the_Fighter_Directors)
Milestones:First Practical Field Emission Electron Microscope, 1972
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Massimo V. Fischetti (/Massimo_V._Fischetti)
Avery Fisher (/Avery_Fisher)
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Oral-History:James L. Flanagan (/Oral-History:James_L._Flanagan)
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FORTRAN (/FORTRAN)
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French Telegraph Cable of 1898 (/French_Telegraph_Cable_of_1898)
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Arrigo Frisiani (/Arrigo_Frisiani)
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Dennis Gabor (/Dennis_Gabor)
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Robert G. Gallager (/Robert_G._Gallager)
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Oral-History:Robert Galvin (/Oral-History:Robert_Galvin)
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Georgios B. Giannakis (/Georgios_B._Giannakis)
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Oral-History:James Gibbons (/Oral-History:James_Gibbons)
First-Hand:Gigabit Wireless Networks (/First-Hand:Gigabit_Wireless_Networks)
First-Hand:Reminiscences on My Career in Control (/First-Hand:Reminiscences_on_My_Career_in_Control)
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Edward L. Ginzton (/Edward_L._Ginzton)
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Ramesh Govindan (/Ramesh_Govindan)
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H
Oral-History:Abraham H. Haddad (/Oral-History:Abraham_H._Haddad)
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Lawrence Hafstad (/Lawrence_Hafstad)
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First-Hand:Howard Wise Gallery Show of Digital Art and Patterns (1965): A 50th Anniversary Memoir (/First-
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I
IBM (/IBM)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: IBM Discussion Group, segment 1
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_IBM_Discussion_Group,_segment_1)
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(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_IBM_Discussion_Group,_segment_2)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: The Development of the IBM 701
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_The_Development_of_the_IBM_701)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: The Development of the IBM 701, segment 1
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_The_Development_of_the_IBM_701,_segment_1)
Archives:The Computer Pioneers: The Development of the IBM 701, segment 2
(/Archives:The_Computer_Pioneers:_The_Development_of_the_IBM_701,_segment_2)
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U
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(/File:ENIAC0025.jpg) (/File:Koenig_Analyzer_Computer_1621a.jpg)
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