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Logarithms

The document provides examples and exercises on logarithmic concepts including: 1. Defining logarithms and their properties including changing between exponents and logarithms. 2. Using logarithmic formulas including log(ab) = loga + logb, log(a/b) = loga - logb, and nloga = logan. 3. Solving logarithmic equations involving variables representing logarithmic values. The examples demonstrate how to use logarithmic definitions, properties and formulas to evaluate or simplify logarithmic expressions and solve related problems. The exercises provide additional practice applying these concepts.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
137 views6 pages

Logarithms

The document provides examples and exercises on logarithmic concepts including: 1. Defining logarithms and their properties including changing between exponents and logarithms. 2. Using logarithmic formulas including log(ab) = loga + logb, log(a/b) = loga - logb, and nloga = logan. 3. Solving logarithmic equations involving variables representing logarithmic values. The examples demonstrate how to use logarithmic definitions, properties and formulas to evaluate or simplify logarithmic expressions and solve related problems. The exercises provide additional practice applying these concepts.

Uploaded by

DYAH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject : Mathematics

Date :
Objectives : Student will be able to finish problems related to logarithms.

1.5 Logarithms
Logarithms is defined by the following ilustration :
If a is a positive number (a > 0) and g is a positive number which is not equal to 1 ( 0 < g
< 1 or g >1), so that :
g
log a = x if and only if gx = a
g
log a = x we can read it : logarithm of a to the base g is x.
log a = 10log a
Example :
1. Change the following exponent into logarithms
1
a. 52 = 25 b. 30 = 1 c. 3-1 =
3
Answer :
a. 52 = 25  5log 25 = 2
b. 30 = 1  3log1 = 0
1 1
c. 3-1 =  3log = -1
3 3
2. Change the following logarithms into exponent
2 1
a. log 2 =
2

2 1
b. log = -3
8
Answer:
1 1
a. 2
log 2 =  2= 2
2 2
1 1
b. 2
log = -3  2-3 =
8 8

3. Find values of the following :


1
a. 7log49 b. 3 log3 c. 2
log 4

Answer:
a. Since 72 = 49 then 7log49 = 2
1
1 1
b. Since   = (3-1)-1 = 3 then 3 log3 = -1
 3
4

Since   4  12 
c. 2 
2

 = 22 = 4 then 2
log4  4
 

Exercice!
1. Change the following exponents into logarithms
1
a. b. ab = c
2 = 2 2

2. Change the following logarithms into exponents


1
1 1
a. 2 log 2 b. 5 log  2
4 25

3. Find values of the following


1
a. 2 log b. 4
log 2 c. 10 log0.1
16

Subject : Mathematics
Date :
Objectives : Student will be able to finish problems related to logarithms by
using logarithmic formulae.

1.6 Logarithmic Formulae


Basic formulas of logarithms:
g
1. log gn = n
g
2. log g = 1
g
3. log 1 = 0

Logarithmic formulae:
a
1) log bc = alog b + alog c
b a
2) a
log  logb - a logc
c
Examples :
Find the values of
2
1. log 4 + 2log 8
5
2. log ½ + 5log 50
2
3. log 40 – 2log 10
4. log 0.04 – log 4

Answer:
2
1. log 4 + 2log 8 = 2log (4x8) = 2log 32 = 5
5
2. log ½ + 5log 50 = 5log ( ½ x 50) = 5log 25 = 2
 40  2
3. 2
log 40 – 2log 10 = 2log   = log 4 = 2
 10 

 0.04  1
4. log 0.04 – log 4 = log   = log 0.01 = log = log 10-2 = -2
 4  100

Formulae:
g
3) log an = n x glog a

Examples:
Find the values of:
1. 2.log 25 – 3.log 5 + log 20
2. ½ 2log 81 – 3. 2log 3 + 2log 48

Answer :
1. 2.log 25 – 3.log 5 + log 20 = log 252 – log 53 + log 20
 25 2 
= log  3 x 20  = log 100 = 2
 5 
1
2. ½ 2log 81 – 3. 2log 3 + 2log 48 = 2log 81 2 - 2log 33 + 2log 48

 12 
 81   9 
= log  3 x 48  = 2log 
2 x 48  = 2log 16 = 4
 3   27 
 

Exrcise!
Find the value of
6
1. log 3 + 6log 12
2 2 2
2. log + log 12
3
3
3. log 42 – 3log 14
6
4. log 9 + 2.6log 2 – 2.6log 6
5. log 48 – 2. log 2 – log 3

Subject : Mathematics
Date :
Objectives : Student will be able to finish problems related to logarithms by
using logarithmic formulae.
Subject :
Logarithmic Formulae:
p
g
log a
4) log a = p
log g

g
1
5) log a = a
log g

Example :
If 2log 3 = a, then express the following logarithm in term of a
2
a. log 9 c. 3log 2
8
b. log 3 d. 3log 4

Answer :
a. 2log 9 = 2log 32 = 2. 2log 3 (formula 3)
log 3 log3 log 3 1 log 3 1 1
b. 8log 3 = log 8  log23  3. log 2  3 . log 2  3 . log 3  3 a
2
(formula 4)

1 1
c. 3log 2 = 2
 (formula 5)
log 3 a

1 2
d. 3log 4 = 3log 22 = 2. 3log2 = 2. =
a a

g
6) log a x alog b = glog b
gn
mg
7) log a m = log a
n
gn
8) loga n  g log a

Example:
1. Find the values of : 2log 5 x 5log 64
2. If 2log 3 = a, then express the following logarithm in term of a
(i) 4log 81 (ii) 8log 27

Answer :
2
1. log 5 x 5log 64 = 2log 64 = 2log 26 = 6
22 4 2
2. (i) 4log 81 = log 3 4  . log 3  2a
2
2
23 3
(ii) 8log 27 = log 33  log 3  2 log 3  a
3

Exercise!
1. Find the values of:
a.  5
log 9  9 log 625

b.  3
log 36  6
log 27 
2. If 8log 3 = a, then express the following form in term of a
2
a. log 3 c. 32log (1/3)
4
b. log 3 d. 2log 3
9
3. If 2log 3 = p and 2log 5 = q, then express the following form in term of p and q
a. 6log 50 b. 18log 20

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