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    Microbiology and Parasitology Mnemonics

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    Elnic Talam
    1. The most common causes of meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (known by the acronym NHS). Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe meningitis. 2. H. ducreyi causes painful ulcers of chancroid while syphilis causes painless ulcers, helping distinguish between the two diseases. 3. Diphtheria toxin properties are summarized by the acronym ABCDEF, covering its classification and mechanism of action.

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    Microbiology and Parasitology Mnemonics

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    Elnic Talam
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    1. The most common causes of meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (known by the acronym NHS). Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe meningitis. 2. H. ducreyi causes painful ulcers of chancroid while syphilis causes painless ulcers, helping distinguish between the two diseases. 3. Diphtheria toxin properties are summarized by the acronym ABCDEF, covering its classification and mechanism of action.

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    1. The most common causes of meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (known by the acronym NHS). Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe meningitis. 2. H. ducreyi causes painful ulcers of chancroid while syphilis causes painless ulcers, helping distinguish between the two diseases. 3. Diphtheria toxin properties are summarized by the acronym ABCDEF, covering its classification and mechanism of action.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views5 pages

    Microbiology and Parasitology Mnemonics

    Uploaded by

    Elnic Talam
    1. The most common causes of meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (known by the acronym NHS). Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe meningitis. 2. H. ducreyi causes painful ulcers of chancroid while syphilis causes painless ulcers, helping distinguish between the two diseases. 3. Diphtheria toxin properties are summarized by the acronym ABCDEF, covering its classification and mechanism of action.

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    The text provides several mnemonics and pneumonics to help remember microbiology concepts related to organisms, diseases, and antibiotic properties.

    Some examples of mnemonics mentioned are NHS, ABCDEF, PEECoRnA, COMPS, SPACE, PUNCH, STARCH, FORT ABC and others.

    Viruses mentioned that cause disease include HIV, influenza, hepatitis A, rhinovirus and others. Bacteria mentioned that cause disease include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and others.

    MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY MNEMONICS:

    Meningitis: most common organisms NHS:


    • Neisseria meningitidis
    • Hemophilus Influenzae
    • Streptococcus pneumonia
    ·The cause of the most Severe meningitis is Streptococcus.
    · Note: NHS is an acronym for National Health Service in several countries.

    Syphilis vs. H. ducreyi (chancroid): which ulcer is painful


    "In du-crey-i, you do cry (because it is painful)":
    In H. ducreyi, the ulcer is painful, in syphilis the ulcer is painless.

    Diphtheria toxin properties ABCDEF:


    A/B-type toxin. Made by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which binds to EF-2 (elongation
    factor 2).

    RNA viruses: negative stranded "Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication":


    • Arena
    • Bunya
    • Paramyxo
    • Orthomyxo
    • Filo
    • Rhabdo
    Note: Negative RNA viruses need there own polymerase.

    Picorna viridae: members PEECoRnA (Picorna is pronounced 'pee-corna')


    • Poliovirus
    • Echovirus
    • Enterovirus
    • Coronavirus
    • "R'novirus" (Rhinovirus)
    • Hepatitis A

    Streptococcus pneumoniae: diseases caused COMPS:


    • Conjunctivitis
    • Otitis media
    • Meningitis
    • Pneumonia
    • Sinusitis

    Catalase positive organims SPACE:


    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Pseudomonas
    • Aspergillus
    • Candida
    • Enterobacter

    Urease positive organisms PUNCH:


    • Proteus (leads to alkaline urine)
    • Ureaplasma (renal calculi)
    • Nocardia
    • Cryptoccocus (the fungus)
    • Helicobacter pylori
    Placenta-crossing organisms/ antenatal Infections STARCH:
    • Syphilis
    • Toxoplasmosis
    • AIDS (HIV)
    • Rubella
    • CMV
    • Herpes/ Hepatitis

    RNA enveloped viruses FORT ABC, Puerto Rico:


    •Flavivirus/ Filo
    • Orthomyxo
    • Retro
    • Toga
    • Arena
    • Bunya
    • Corona
    •Paramyxo
    • Rhabdo

    Capsulated bacteria "Some Bacteria Have An Effective Paste Surrounding Membrane


    Yielding Pseudo Fort, Bypassing Killing":
    • Strep pneumonia
    • Bacteroides
    • H. influenza
    • Anthrax (B. anthracis)
    • E. coli
    • Pasteurella
    • Salmonella
    • Menigitidis (N. Menigitidis)
    • Yersinia pestis
    • Pseudomonas
    • Francisella
    • Brucella
    • Klebsiella

    Influenza infection: clinical Manifestations "Having Flu Symptoms Can Make Moaning
    Children A Nightmare":
    •Headache
    • Fever
    • Sore throat
    • Chills
    • Myalgias
    • Malaise
    • Cough
    • Anorexia
    • Nasal congestion

    UTI-causing microorganisms KEEPS:


    • Klebsiella
    • Enterococcus faecalis/ Enterobacter cloacae
    • E. coli
    • Pseudomonas aeroginosa/ Proteus mirabilis
    • Staphylococcus saprophyticcus/ Serratia marcescens
    Obligate anaerobes: members worth knowing ABC:
    • Actinomyces
    • Bacteroides
    • Clostridium

    Psedomonas aeruginosa: features AERUGINOSA:


    • Aerobic
    • Exotoxin A
    • Rod/ Resistance
    • UTIs, burns, injuries
    • Green-blue dressings
    • Iron-containing lesions
    • Negative gram
    • Odor of grapes
    • Slime capsule sometimes (in CF pt)
    • Adherin pili

    Toxoplasma gondii: manifestations "My Cat Eats Mice":


    • Mononucleosis-like illness
    • Chorioretinits/ Congenital infection
    • Encephalitis
    • Myocarditis

    Common cold: viral causes "Common cold (acute infectious rhinitis, coryza) is
    PRIMArily caused by":
    • Paramyxoviruses
    • Rhinoviruses
    • Influenza viruses
    • Myxoviruses
    • Adenoviruses

    Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused NIPPLES:


    • Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
    • Impetigo
    • Pharyngitis
    • Pneumonia
    • Lymphangitis
    • Erysipelas and cellulitis
    • Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSS

    RNA viruses: negative stranded "Orthodox Rhabbi's Party Around Fine Bunnies":
    • Orthomyxo
    • Rhabdo
    • Paramyxo
    • Arena
    • Filo
    • Bunya

    RNA viruses: positive stranded "Pico Called Flavio To Return Renzo's Corona":
    • Picorna
    • Calici
    • Flavi
    • Toga
    • Retro
    • Reo
    • Corona
    HIV infection: high-risk groups HIV:
    • Homosexuals/ Hemophiliacs
    • IVdrug abusers

    Trichomaniasis: features · 5 F's:


    • Flagella
    • Frothy discharge
    • Fishy odor (sometimes)
    • Fornication (STD)
    • Flagyl (metronidazole) Rx

    Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors SMASHED:


    • Streptolysins
    • M protein
    • Anti-C5a peptidase
    • Streptokinase
    • Hyaluronidase
    • Exotoxin
    • DNAses
    Gram+: bacterial cell wall · Gram+ has:
    +hick pepidoglycan layer.
    +eichoic acid in wall.
    Listeria: motility Istanbul sounds like Listambul = list + tumble.
    Listeria has tumbling motility.

    Streptococci: classification by hemolytic ability :


    Gamma: Garbage (no hemolytic activity).
    Alpha: Almost (almost lyse, but incomplete).
    Beta: Best (complete lysis).

    Endotoxin features ENDOTOXIN:


    • Endothelial cells/ Edema
    • Negative (gram- bacteria)
    • DIC/ Death
    • Outer membrane
    • TNF
    • O-antigen
    • X-tremely heat stable
    • IL-1
    • Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxis

    Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused SOFT PAINS:


    • Skin infections
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Food poisoning
    • Toxic shock syndrome
    • Pneumonia
    • Acute endocarditis
    • Infective arthritis
    • Necrotizing fasciitis
    • Sepsis
    Zoonotic bacteria: Big Bad Bugs From Your Pet named Ella
    • Bartonella
    • Boriella burdorferi
    • Brucella
    • Francisella tularensis
    • yersinia Pestis
    • pasturElla"
    • C. diptheria culture
    TELL yoUR InTErn not to "Loeff" around
    Tellurite Agar, Loeffler's test
    Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy:
    • SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care
    • Sulfonamides
    • Aminoglycosides
    • Fluoroquinolones
    • Erythromycin,
    • Metronidazole
    • Tetracyclines,
    • Ribavirin
    • Griseofulvin,
    • Chloramphenicol

    Metronidazole use:
    • GET GAP on the METRO
    • Giardia
    • Entamoeba
    • Trichomonas,
    • Gardnerella vaginalis
    • Anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium)
    • H. Pylori (use with bismuth and amoxicillin or tetracyclin for triple therapy)

    Bacteriostatic antibiotics:
    • We're ECSTaTiC
    • Erythromycin
    • Clindamycin
    • Sulfamethoxazole
    • Trimethoprim
    • Tetracyclines
    • Chloramphenicol
    • Aminoglycosides
    • Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
    • Gentamicin
    • Neomycin
    • Amikacin,
    • Tobramycin
    • Streptomycin
    • Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Teratogen
    • Bloody Diarrhea
    • Bloody diarrhea is SEECSY
    • Salmonella
    • EIEC/EHEC
    • Enteroamoeba
    • Campylobacter
    • Shigella
    • Yersinia enterocolitica
    • Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
    • macConKEE's
    • Citrobacter
    • Klebsiella
    • E. coli
    • Enterobacter
    • Serratia

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