DAY ONE PACKET

GEOMETRY NAME___________________________
Worksheet - Do You Remember? Date__________________Period______

Simplify each expression.

1. 9  7  2  8  4 2. 32  8  3  7  6 3. 4  6  16  2  7

Evaluate each expression if e=2, f=3, g=4, u=0, v=5, and w=1.
gv  5e 5. e  f(w  g) = g
4. = 6. f ( we  v )  =
5  3u e

Solve
7. 5(x + 3) = -10 8. -2x + 5 = -13 9. 9x – 7 = 6x + 23

10. -2x – (x + 4) = 2x – 14 2 3x 4
11. x  6 12. 
5 5 3

Simplify.
13. (x+5)(x-4) = 14. (x+3)2 =

15. (x+6)(x-6) = 16. (2x-3)(x+5) =

Simplify.

a 2b3c a 2 a2c 2 19. (a2b5 c3 )(abc5 )

17. 18.
a5bc2d0 b5c3

20. 8 3  3 27  300 21. 10 6  2 2  3 3 22.

2 2 3 3 5 2  4 3 2 3

1
Factor each expression or equation, if possible. Solve for x if you are working with an equation.

23. 3x 3  15x 2 24. x 2  7x  12 25. x 2  25

26. x2  4 27. 16x 2  9y 2 28. 4x  10x 2  24x 3

Write the ordered pair for each point shown at the right.

29. M 30. A

31. T 32. H

33. E 34. I

35. You are given x- and y-coordinates for 14 points. y

A(1,5) B(2,2) C(2,8) D(3,1) E(3,9) F(6,0) G(6,10)
H(7,-1) I(7,11) J(9,1) K(9,9) L(10,2) M(10,8) N(11,5)
a. Graph each point
b. Most of the points fit a pattern. Which points do not?

c. Describe the figure that fits the pattern.

Points M(1, -3) and N(-2, -15) lie on the graph of y = 4x -7. Determine whether each point is
collinear with M and N.
36. Q(0, -7) 37. R(0.5, -5) 38. S(-1, 11)

Determine the ordered pair that represents each point in the

coordinate plane on the right.

39. A 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. E 44. F

2
Find the coordinates of three points that lie on the graph of each equation. Graph the points
and the line representing the equation. Then name the coordinates of one point not on the line.
y y

45. y = x + 5 46. y = 6x – 9

x y x y

x x

Solve each system of equations.

47. y = x + 5 48. y = 2x – 4 49. y = 2x
Y = -x + 7 y = 4x – 10 y = -x + 15

50. A CD player costs $129.95 with a sales tax 51. A car rental agency charges a fee of $35
rate of 8%. What is the total cost of the CD per day plus $.20 for each mile driven. How
player? much will it cost to rent the car for 4 days and
drive 730 miles?

52. A chef cooks 1 ½ potatoes for each serving 53. Suppose you are selling stuffed animals for
of mashed potatoes. How many servings can he $4 each to raise money for your club. You sold
make from 18 potatoes? six more rabbits than monkeys. If you sold
$120 worth of stuffed animals, how many of
each type did you sell?

54. Suppose a video store charges non-member 55. Suppose you decide to make and sell silk
$4 to rent a video. A membership costs $21 flower arrangements. You spend $220.00 on
and then videos cost only $2.50 to rent. How materials. You sell each flower arrangement
many videos would you need to rent in order to for $10.50 each. How much profit would you
justify a membership? make if you sold 23 silk flower arrangements?

3
2-5 Reasoning in Algebra and Geometry

Algebraic properties of equality are used in geometry. They will help you solve problems and
justify each step you take.

Addition Property of Equality If a = b, then a + c = b + c

Subtraction Property of Equality If a = b, then a – c = b - c
Multiplication Property of Equality If a = b, then a × c = b × c
Division Property of Equality
If a = b and c ≠ 0, then

Reflexive Property of Equality a=a

Symmetric Property of Equality If a = b, then b = a
Transitive Property of Equality If a = b and b = c, then a = c
Substitution Property of Equality If a = b, then b can replace a in any
expression.
Distributive Property** Use multiplication to distribute a to each
term of the sum or difference within the
parentheses.
Sum:
a( b + c) = ab + ac
Difference:
a( b – c) = ab – ac
**Use the Distributive Property to justify combining like terms. If you think of the
Distributive Property as ab + ac = a( b + c) or ab + ac = (b + c)a, then 2x + x = (2 + 1)x = 3x

Proof - a convincing argument that uses deductive reasoning. A proof logically shows why a
conjecture is true.

Two-Column Proof – lists each statement on the left. The justification, or the reason for each
statement, is on the right. The first statement is usually the given statement. Each statement
must follow logically from the steps before it. The last statement is what you want to prove.

Ex. 1
Given: 2x + 30 + x = 180
Prove: x = 50

Statements Reasons
2x + 30 + x = 180 Given
3x + 30 = 180 Distributive Property of Equality
3x = 150 Subtraction Property of Equality
x = 50 Division Property of Equality

4
Ex. 2

Given: 3(2x – 5) - 1 = 4(x + 2) + 2

Prove: x = 13

Statements Reasons
3(2x – 5) – 1 = 4(x + 2) + 2 Given
6x – 15 – 1 = 4x + 8 + 2
6x – 16 = 4x + 10
2x – 16 = 10
2x = 26
x = 13

Ex. 3

Given: 13 = -2 – 4x

Prove: x = -

Statement Reason
Given
15 = -4x
Division Property of Equality
x = -

Ex. 4

Given: A =

Prove:

Statement Reason

5
PreAP Geometry Name_________________________________
2-5 Reasoning in Algebra & Geometry Period_________Date____________________

Page 68 #1, 2, 9, 10, 12, 17-20

Fill in the reason that justifies each step.

1. ½x – 5 = 10 Given 2. 5(x + 3) = -4 Given

2(½x – 5) = 2(10) a. ____________ 5x + 15 = -4 a. _____________
x – 10 = 20 b. ____________ 5x = -19 b. _____________
x = 30 c. ____________ x = -19/5 c. _____________

9. The steps below “show” that 1 = 2. Describe the error.

a=b Given
2
ab = b Multiplication Property of Equality
2 2 2
ab – a = b – a Subtraction Property of Equality
a(b – a) = (b + a)(b – a) Distributive Property
a=b+a Division Property of Equality
a=a+a Substitution Property
a = 2a Simplify
1=2 Division Property of Equality

Name the property of equality that justifies going from the first statement to the second
statement.
10. 5x = 20 12. AB – BC = 12
x=4 AB = 12 + BC

17. Use the Distributive Property to complete the statement.

3(x – 1) = 3x - _______

Consider the following relationships among people. Tell whether each relationship is reflexive,
symmetric, transitive, or none of these. Explain.

Sample: The relationship “is younger than” is not reflexive because Sue is not younger than
herself. It is not symmetric because if Sue is younger than Fred, then Fred is not younger
than Sue. It is transitive because if Sue is younger than Fred and Fred is younger than Alana,
then Sue is younger than Alana.

18. has the same birthday as

19. is taller than

20. lives in a different state than

6
GEOMETRY NAME___________________________
Worksheet – Algebraic Proofs Date__________________Period______

1. You are given that . Show that by filling in the blanks.

(a) (a) Given
(b) (b)________________and_________________
(c) (c)________________and Distributive Property
(d)___________________ (d) Subtraction of Equality Property
(e) (e)______________________

2. Fill in the reasons that justifies each step.

(a) 5(3 + x) + 2 = 8x – 3 (a) Given
(b) 15 + 5x + 2 = 8x – 3 (b)___________________
(c) 5x + 17 = 8x – 3 (c)___________________
(d) 5x + 20 = 8x (d)___________________
(e) 20 = 3x (e)___________________
(f) 20/3 = x (f)___________________
(g) x = 20/3 (g)___________________

3. Fill in the reasons that justifies each step

(a) (2/3)x + 1 = (1/4)x – 3 (a) Given
(b) 12[(2/3)x + 1] = 12[(1/4)x – 3] (b) __________________
(c) 8x + 12 = 3x – 36 (c) __________________
(d) 8x = 3x – 48 (d) __________________
(e) 5x = -48 (e) __________________
(f) x = -48/5 (f) __________________

Write a 2 column proof solving each of the following

4. 5(x + 3) = -10 5. -2x + 5 = -13

6. 9x – 7 = 6x + 23 7. -2x – (x + 4) = 2x – 14

7
 8. (2/5)x = -6 9. (3/5)x = 4/3

Identify each of the following as reflexive, symmetric, or transitive.

10. x + 2 = 8 Given
8=x+2 _______________

11. 4a = 4a _______________

12. x = 18 Given
2y = 18 Given
x = 2y _______________

Consider the following relationships among people. Tell whether each relationship is
reflexive, symmetric, transitive, or none of these. Explain.

Sample: The relationship “is younger than” is not reflexive because Sue is not
younger than herself. It is not symmetric because if Sue is younger than
Fred, then Fred is not younger than Sue. It is transitive because if Sue is
younger than Fred and Fred is younger than Alana, then Sue is younger than
Alana.

13. goes to the same school as

14. lives in a different city than

15. made a higher grade on the test than

8
 Conditional Sentences and Venn Diagrams

A conditional sentence can be translated into “if-then” form: If _____, then _____. Each of the blanks
stands for a sentence. The first blank holds the condition or hypothesis, and the second blank holds the
conclusion. If hypothesis, then conclusion. In the following examples, the hypothesis is underlined once, and
the conclusion is underlined twice.

Examples: Original Sentences If-then form

All birds lay eggs. If it is a bird, then it lays eggs.
A square is a quadrilateral. If it is a square, then it is a quadrilateral.
An insect is not an animal. If it is an insect, then it is not an animal.
Triangles are polygons. If it is a triangle, then it is a polygon.

Key Point: The hypothesis does not include the word “if,” and the conclusion does not include the word
“then.”

Traditionally, the small letters, p, q, r, s, and t, represent sentences. We can form two conditionals from the
two sentences, p and q:
(1) If p, then q. (p → q) and
(2) If q, then p. (q → p)

Let each circle in a Venn diagram represent a sentence. “p” means being inside the circle representing p, and
“q” means being inside the circle representing q. There are four possible Venn diagrams to consider for the
circle representing p and the circle representing q.

q p
p q p
p q q

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

Consider the case (1): If p, then q. (p → q)

If it is inside the circle representing p, then it is inside the circle representing q.

Look for the “X” in each of the duplicate figures below. The “X” is inside the circle representing p, but it is
not inside the circle representing q.

p
p q p q
q X X X

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

Therefore, these figures do not illustrate the sentence p → q, and Figure 1 matches p → q. The conditional
“if p, then q” is represented by circle p lying inside circle q as in Figure 1.

After studying this example, which figure, 1, 2, 3, or 4, represents q → p (if q, then p)? ________

9
Class Exercises

1. Draw a Venn diagram to represent the following statement:

All pelicans eat fish.

2. Several “if-then” statements are listed below. Which of them seem to be true if the diagram you have
drawn represents a true statement?
A) If a bird is a pelican, then it eats fish.
B) If a creature eats fish, then it is a pelican.
C) If a bird is not a pelican, then it doesn’t eat fish.
D) If a creature doesn’t eat fish, then it is not a pelican.

3. Draw a Venn diagram to represent the following statement:

Professional basketball players are not short.

4. Which of the statements below are true if your diagram represents a true statement?
A) If a fellow is a professional basketball player, then he is not short.
B) If a fellow is not a professional basketball player, then he is not short.
C) If a fellow is not short, then he is a professional basketball player.
D) If a fellow is short, then he is not a professional basketball player.

5. Draw a Venn diagram for the general conditional statement: p → q.

What other “if-then” statement does it represent?

6. Given this Venn diagram, write the “if-then” statements it represents.

____________________
w

t ____________________

7. Every Venn diagram represents _______ conditional statements.

8. Given this Venn diagram, write the “if-then” statements that it represents.

____________________
r s
____________________

10
PreAP Geometry Name_________________________________
2-2 Conditional Statements Period_________Date____________________

Page 52-53 #1-15, 17, 19-21

Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional.

1. If you are an American citizen, then you have the right to vote.

2. If a figure is a rectangle, then it has four sides.

3. If you want to be healthy, then you should eat vegetables.

Write each statement as a conditional.

4. “We’re half the people; we should be half the Congress.” - Jeanette Rankin, former U.S.
congresswoman, calling for more women in office.

5. “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” – Albert Einstein

6. An event with probability 1 is certain to occur.

7. Your Classmate claims that the conditional and contrapositive of the following statement
are both true. Is he correct? Explain.
If x = 2, then x2 = 4.

Write each sentence as a conditional.

8. A counterexample shows that a conjecture is false.

9. A point in the first quadrant has two positive coordinates.

11
Write a conditional statement that each Venn diagram illustrates.

10. 11. 12.

Colors  Grains
Integers

Blue  Whole  Wheat

numbers 

Determine whether the conditional is true or false. If it is false, find a counterexample.

13. If you live in a country that borders the United States, then you live in Canada.

14. If you play a sport with a ball and a bat, then you play baseball.

15. If an angle measures 80, then it is acute.

Athletes

17. Write three separate conditional statements that the Venn Baseball 
diagram illustrates. players 

Pitchers

Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate each statement.

19. If an angle measures 20. If you are the captain 21. Peace Corps volunteers
100, then it is obtuse. of your team, then you are a want to help other people.
junior or senior.

12
 Name_____________________
Period_________

Section 2-2 Biconditionals

Biconditional : is a statement created from two conditional statements.

Two criteria: 1. p  q must be true. 2. q  p must be true.

If both the statement and its converse are true, then we can write the statement as a
Biconditional. To do this, we put the hypothesis and the conclusion together using the
words “if and only if”.

Ex: Given the statement, identify the hypothesis and the conclusion.

All even numbers are divisible by 2.

p: __________________________________ q: _______________________________

Now write the conditional statement:

________________________________________________________________________

Is the statement true or false?

Write the converse:

________________________________________________________________________

Is the converse true or false?

If they are both true then….

Write the Biconditional with p “if and only if” then q. (symbolically p  q

p:____________________________ if and only if q:_____________________________.

Practice: Check to see if both the conditional statement its converse are true; if they are
write them in their biconditional form.

1. If you live in Texas, then you live in the United States.

2. If a today is Monday, then tomorrow is Tuesday.

3. If a truck weighs 2 tons, then it weighs 4000 lbs.

13
 Name_____________________
Period_________
Variety in If-Then Statements

Some synonyms for “if” Some synonyms for “then”

when only if
because so
provided that therefore
since thus
after implies
due to the fact in order to
in the event to have been
as a result
on account of

Tough Case:

No __________________is ____________________.

translates to:

If ________________, then not _________________.

Example:
Original: No dogs are cats.
If-then form: If an animal is a dog, then it is not a cat.

Watch out for these, they will cause you trouble!

HW:

14
Geometry Name_____________________________
Worksheet – Counterexamples Date___________________Period_______

A counterexample is a broken promise – it preserves the hypothesis but contradicts its conclusion.

Example 1: If a number is greater than 3, then the number is greater than 5.

Which, if any, of these numbers is an example?
2, 4, 5, or 6
Which, if any, of these numbers is a counterexample to that statement?

Example 2: If a number is greater than 5, then the number is greater than 3.

Which, if any, of these numbers is an example?
2, 4, 5, or 6
Which, if any, of these numbers is a counterexample to the statement?

I. Are these conditionals true or false? If false, give a counterexample.

1. If Jane is your sister, then she is older than you.

2. If you are in geometry, then you are a freshman.

3. If you are a freshman, then you are in geometry.

4. If your clothes are wet, then it is raining.

5. If m  E = 36, then  E is an acute angle.

6. If  E is an acute angle, then m  E = 36.

7. If a number is divisible by 2, then it is a multiple of 4.

8. If a number is a multiple of 4, then it is divisible by 2.

9. If two angles are right angles, then they have the same measure.

10. If two angles have the same measure, then they are right angles.

15
 Equivalent Statements

Prerequisite: The negation of a sentence involves putting in a “not” or taking it out.

Original Sentence Negation of this Sentence

The sky is blue. The sky is not blue.
This house is not new. This house is new.
P ~p
~q q

Three conditional statements are defined from an original sentence:

Original Statement p→q If the sky is blue, then it is not raining.
Converse of the Original q→p If it is not raining, then the sky is blue.
Inverse of the Original ~p → ~q If the sky is not blue, then it is raining.
Contrapositive of the Original ~q → ~p If it is raining, then the sky is not blue.

Match each of these four conditionals with its Venn diagram.

q p
p q p
p q q

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4

The original sentence matches figure _______.

The converse of the original matches figure _____.
The inverse of the original matches figure _____. (Where does being outside the circle representing p
guarantee being outside the circle represent q?)
The contrapositive of the original matches figure _____. (Where does being outside the circle
representing q guarantee being outside the circle representing p?)

The two conditionals represented by the same figure are said to be equivalent statements. Figure 1
represents the original conditional statement and the contrapositive of the original.

Key Point: The original conditional statement and the contrapositive of the original are logically
equivalent statements and may be used interchangeably.
p → q is logically equivalent to ~q → ~p.
p → q may be replaced by ~q → ~p.
~q → ~p may be replaced by p → q.

Key Point: When the conditional, p → q, and its converse, q → p, are both true, then they may be
combined in one statement called a biconditional statement, p ↔ q.
p ↔ q is read “p if and only if q”
p if q is the q → p (if q, then p) part so p only if q is the p → q (if p, then q) part. (“only if”
means “then.”)

16
Exercises

I. Write the original statement in “if-then” form. Then write its converse, inverse, and contrapositive.

Example:
Original: An odd number cannot be an even number.

If-then form of the original: If a number is an odd number, then it cannot be an even number.

Converse of the original: If a number is not an even number, then it is an odd number.

Inverse of the original: If a number is not an odd number, then it can be an even number.

Contrapositive of the original: If a number is an even number, then it is not an odd number.

1. Original: All right angles are congruent.

If-then form of the original: ______________________________________________________

Converse of the original: _________________________________________________________

Inverse of the original: __________________________________________________________

Contrapositive of the original: _____________________________________________________

2. Original: Every equilateral triangle is also an isosceles triangle.

If-then form of the original: ______________________________________________________

Converse of the original: _________________________________________________________

Inverse of the original: __________________________________________________________

Contrapositive of the original: _____________________________________________________

3. Original: ~s → ~r

If-then form of the original: ______________________________________________________

Converse of the original: _________________________________________________________

Inverse of the original: __________________________________________________________

Contrapositive of the original: _____________________________________________________

4. Original: a → ~b

If-then form of the original: ______________________________________________________

Converse of the original: _________________________________________________________

Inverse of the original: __________________________________________________________

Contrapositive of the original: _____________________________________________________

17
II.Following each of the numbered statements below are three lettered statements. Identify the
relationship of each of the lettered statements to the numbered statement. Write “original”,
“converse”, “inverse”, “contrapositive”, or “none” as appropriate. Hint: Write each statement in “if-
then” form.

5. If you live in Atlantis, then you need a snorkel.

___________________a) If you do not live in Atlantis, then you do not need a snorkel.

___________________b) If you need a snorkel, then you live in Atlantis.

___________________c) If you do not need a snorkel, then you do not live in Atlantis.

6. If you are over ninety, the Chop Chop Studio will give you free karate lessons.

___________________a) If the Shop Chop Studio won’t give you free karate lessons, then you aren’t
over ninety.
___________________b) If you are ninety or less, the Chop Chop Studio will give you free karate
lessons.
___________________c) The Chop Chop Studio will give you free karate lessons if you are over ninety.

7. All children like pie.

___________________a) If someone likes pie, then he is a child.

___________________b) If someone is not a child, he likes pie.

___________________c) A person who does not like pie is not a child.

8. Lady kangaroos do not need handbags.

___________________a) If a kangaroo is not a lady, it needs a handbag.

___________________b) If it needs a handbag, then it is not a lady kangaroo.

___________________c) A kangaroo does not need a handbag if it is a lady.

9. Terry will study if his brother takes him to the library.

___________________a) If his brother takes him to the library, then Terry will study.

___________________b) Because Terry’s brother is not taking him to the library, he will not study.

___________________c) Terry does not study in the library.

18
10. Terry will study only if his brother takes him to the library.

___________________a) If his brother takes him to the library, then Terry will study.

___________________b) Because Terry’s brother is not taking him to the library, he will not study.

___________________c) Terry does not study in the library.

11. Because teachers are fair, students get the grades they deserve.

___________________a) Because students get the grades they deserve, their teachers are fair.

___________________b) If students don’t get the grades they deserve, then their teachers are not
fair.
___________________c) If teachers are fair, then students get the grades they deserve.

12. Tim will make the bus if he hurries.

___________________a) If Tim hurries, then he will make the bus.

___________________b) Tim did not hurry so he missed the bus.

___________________c) Tim refuses to hurry.

13. Nancy has lunch only if her mother makes it for her.

___________________a) If Nancy’s mother doesn’t make lunch, then Nancy doesn’t have lunch.

___________________b) If Nancy has lunch then her mother makes it for her.

___________________c) Nancy doesn’t buy lunch at the cafeteria.

14. Students who go to Clements High School are fun to teach.

___________________a) If a student is fun to teach, then he goes to Clements High School.

___________________b) If a student doesn’t go to Clements High School, then he is not fun to teach.

___________________c) Students have fun at Clements High School.

15. ~r → s

___________________a) r → s

___________________b) s → ~r

___________________c) ~s → r

19