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Cell Respiration Notes

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy through the breakdown of glucose or other food molecules in the presence or absence of oxygen. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce significantly more ATP, and anaerobic respiration such as fermentation which produces less ATP without oxygen. The key stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration includes lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
95 views7 pages

Cell Respiration Notes

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy through the breakdown of glucose or other food molecules in the presence or absence of oxygen. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce significantly more ATP, and anaerobic respiration such as fermentation which produces less ATP without oxygen. The key stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration includes lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Objectives
▰ Explain coupled reaction processes and describe the role of ATP in
energy coupling and transfer
▰ Describe the major events features and chemical events in cellular
respiration

▰ INTRODUCTION

Recall
o Autotrophs and heterotrophs share the same energy to drive cellular
processes.

o The energy stored as a chemical bond in a molecule (ATP) is produced


after photosynthesis.

Recall
• You have learned from your previous science lessons that metabolism is
of two types: catabolism and anabolism.

• What is the main difference between the two?


▰ Difference
▰ Anabolism
▰ (making use of the energy released by catabolism to build or
synthesize complex molecules from simpler units).

▰ Catabolism
▰ (the breaking down of complex molecules to simpler units to
release energy)
Recall ATP
What can you remember about ATP?

▰ ATP
o Adenosine Triphosphate
o Energy currency of the cell
o Composed of 3 phosphate groups, ribose and adenine
o Bonds easily break by hydrolysis, releasing energy

▰ ATP-ADP Cycle
o ADP is the starting molecule, then phosphorus is added to it in a
process called phosphorylation in cytoplasm or mitochondria

o ADP is charged to form ATP


▰ ADP-ATP CYCLE
▰ What Is Cellular Respiration?

▰ Scientific Equation for


Cellular Respiration

▰ Two types of cellular respiration


▰ Aerobic and Anaerobic
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic- with oxygen
Glycolysis- cytoplasm
Oxidation of Pyruvate
Kreb Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle- mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain- mitochondria
▰ Aerobic respiration is the process in which organic compounds, such
as glucose are oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon
dioxide, water and ATP (energy).
▰ Aerobic respiration is a redox reaction whereby oxidation (removal of
electrons/hydrogen atoms) and reduction (addition of
electrons/hydrogen atoms) take place.

▰ ACTIVITY
▰ Compute for the number of ATPs gained and lost then include the
NADH and FADH2 produced.
▰ ACTIVITY
▰ What are the major features of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, krebs
cycle and ETC?
▰ Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic- without oxygen

Fermentation
- Lactic
- Alcoholic
▰ Anaerobic respiration is the process in which organic compounds are
broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen and other
substrates such as nitrate or sulfate acts as the electron acceptor.
▰ Example: Glucose + 3NO3– + 3H2O → 6HCO3– + 3NH4+
[electron acceptor is nitrate]
▰ Anaerobic respiration is carried out by some prokaryotes that live in
anaerobic environments such as waterlogged soil (obligate
anaerobes) and yeast (facultative anaerobes).
▰ The total ATP produced is lesser than aerobic respiration.
▰ Most common anaerobic respiration is fermentation, of which there
are two types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
▰ Alcoholic Fermentation
▰ Anaerobic pathway that converts pyruvate to ethanol and produces
ATP
▰ Examples: baking; wine/beer production

▰ Lactate/ Lactic Acid Fermentation


▰ Anaerobic pathway that converts pyruvate to lactate and produces
ATP

▰ Examples of Lactate Fermentation


▰ Breakdown of Foods into ATP
▰ Foods rich in carbohydrates and starches are automatically converted
into glucose.

▰ But what about the proteins and fats people and animals eat ‒ how will
they be processed by the cells?
▰ Functions of Cellular Respiration
▰ Source of energy
▰ To move cilia and vesicles
▰ To transport substances across membranes
▰ To perform various chemical reactions or metabolism
▰ SEATWORK: By Pair (same pair last activity)
▰ Considering that the ATP produced during fermentation is lower than
in aerobic respiration, why does this pathway exist? What are the
advantages for fermentation compared to aerobic respiration and vice
versa?
▰ Now that you have learned various steps of cellular respiration, both
aerobic and anaerobic, can you summarize, in three to five
sentences, the importance of oxygen in respiration?

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