Cell Respiration Notes
Cell Respiration Notes
▰
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Objectives
▰ Explain coupled reaction processes and describe the role of ATP in
energy coupling and transfer
▰ Describe the major events features and chemical events in cellular
respiration
▰ INTRODUCTION
Recall
o Autotrophs and heterotrophs share the same energy to drive cellular
processes.
Recall
• You have learned from your previous science lessons that metabolism is
of two types: catabolism and anabolism.
▰ Catabolism
▰ (the breaking down of complex molecules to simpler units to
release energy)
Recall ATP
What can you remember about ATP?
▰ ATP
o Adenosine Triphosphate
o Energy currency of the cell
o Composed of 3 phosphate groups, ribose and adenine
o Bonds easily break by hydrolysis, releasing energy
▰ ATP-ADP Cycle
o ADP is the starting molecule, then phosphorus is added to it in a
process called phosphorylation in cytoplasm or mitochondria
▰ ACTIVITY
▰ Compute for the number of ATPs gained and lost then include the
NADH and FADH2 produced.
▰ ACTIVITY
▰ What are the major features of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, krebs
cycle and ETC?
▰ Cellular Respiration
▰
Anaerobic- without oxygen
Fermentation
- Lactic
- Alcoholic
▰ Anaerobic respiration is the process in which organic compounds are
broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen and other
substrates such as nitrate or sulfate acts as the electron acceptor.
▰ Example: Glucose + 3NO3– + 3H2O → 6HCO3– + 3NH4+
[electron acceptor is nitrate]
▰ Anaerobic respiration is carried out by some prokaryotes that live in
anaerobic environments such as waterlogged soil (obligate
anaerobes) and yeast (facultative anaerobes).
▰ The total ATP produced is lesser than aerobic respiration.
▰ Most common anaerobic respiration is fermentation, of which there
are two types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
▰ Alcoholic Fermentation
▰ Anaerobic pathway that converts pyruvate to ethanol and produces
ATP
▰ Examples: baking; wine/beer production
▰ But what about the proteins and fats people and animals eat ‒ how will
they be processed by the cells?
▰ Functions of Cellular Respiration
▰ Source of energy
▰ To move cilia and vesicles
▰ To transport substances across membranes
▰ To perform various chemical reactions or metabolism
▰ SEATWORK: By Pair (same pair last activity)
▰ Considering that the ATP produced during fermentation is lower than
in aerobic respiration, why does this pathway exist? What are the
advantages for fermentation compared to aerobic respiration and vice
versa?
▰ Now that you have learned various steps of cellular respiration, both
aerobic and anaerobic, can you summarize, in three to five
sentences, the importance of oxygen in respiration?