TUGAS

PEMROSESAN SINYAL

Dosen Pengampu : Dwi Kuswanto, S.Pd.,M.T

Oleh :

Elfira Putri Sudrajat

150411100005

PRODI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS TRUNOJOYO MADURA

2018
 LAPORAN

BAB 1

Program 1.1 Square signal

% Square signal

A=[1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0];

fs=10; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set (30 values)

plot(t,A,'*k'); %plots figure

axis([0 3 -0.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('square wave samples');

Hasil Running :
Program 1.2 Sine signal

Sinyal sinusoidal dengan periode 1 detik menggunakan fungsi sinus.

% Sine signal

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=60; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

Hasil Running :
Program 1.3 Sine and cosine signals

Sinyal sinus dan cosinus dengan frekuensi yang sama 1 Hz.

% Sine & cosine signals

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=60; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set

ys=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,ys,'k'); hold on; %plots figure

axis([0 3 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds');

yc=cos(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,yc,'--k'); %plots figure

axis([0 3 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sine (solid) & cosine (dashed)');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.4 Square signal

Square signal dengan periode 0.01 detik (frekuensi 100Hz). Dengan menggunakan
fungsi Square().

% Square signal

fy=100; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

duy=0.03; %signal duration in seconds

fs=20000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(duy-tiv); %time intervals set

y=square(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('square signal');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.5 Sawtooth signal

Generate 0.03 detik Sinyal sawtooth dengan periode 0.01 (frekuensi 100Hz).

% Sawtooth signal

fy=100; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

duy=0.03; %signal duration in seconds

fs=20000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(duy-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sawtooth(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.6 Sawtooth signals

% Sawtooth signals

fy=100; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

duy=0.03; %signal duration in seconds

fs=20000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(duy-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sawtooth(wy*t,0.1); %signal data set (width 0.1)

subplot(2,2,1); plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal');

y=sawtooth(wy*t,0.3); %signal data set (width 0.3)

subplot(2,2,2); plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal');

y=sawtooth(wy*t,0.5); %signal data set (width 0.5)

subplot(2,2,3); plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal');

y=sawtooth(wy*t,0.9); %signal data set (width 0.9)

subplot(2,2,4); plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 duy -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal');

Hasil Running :
Program 1.7 Sine audio signal

Sinyal sinusoidal dengan frekuensi 300Hz selama 5 detik.

Dengan menggunakan fungsi sound() dapat mengirim sinyal dengan daya yang
cukup untuk pengeras suara.

% Sine signal sound

fy=900; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=6000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(5-tiv); %time intervals set (5 seconds)

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

sound(y,fs); %sound

t=0:tiv:(0.01-tiv); %time intervals set (0.01 second)

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 0.01 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sine signal');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.8 Sum of sines signal

% Sum of sines signal

fy=300; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=6000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(5-tiv); %time intervals set (5 seconds)

y=0.6*sin(wy*t)+0.3*sin(3*wy*t)+0.2*sin(5*wy*t); %signal data set

sound(y,fs); %sound

t=0:tiv:(0.01-tiv); %time intervals set (0.01 second)

nn=length(t);

plot(t,y(1:nn),'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 0.01 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sum of sines signal');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.9 Multiplication of sines

Perkalian sinyal

Pada satu sinyal memiliki frekuensi 70Hz dan pada sinyal lain memiliki frekuensi
2Hz

% Multiplication of sines signal

fx=70; %signal frequency in Hz

wx=2*pi*fx; %signal frequency in rad/s

fz=2; %signal frequency in Hz

wz=2*pi*fz; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=6000; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(8-tiv); %time intervals set (8 seconds)

 y=sin(wx*t).*sin(wz*t); %signal data set

sound(y,fs); %sound

t=0:tiv:(1-tiv); %time intervals set (1 second)

y=sin(wx*t).*sin(wz*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 1 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('multiplication of sines signal');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.10 Sawtooth signal to be analyzed

%sawtooth signal to be analyzed

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:((3*Ty)-tiv); %time intervals set (3 periods)

y3=sawtooth(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y3,'k');

xlabel('seconds'); title('sawtooth signal (3 periods)');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.11 Fourier transform of sawtooth signal

%Fourier Transform of sawtooth signal

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

N=256;

fs=N*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(Ty-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sawtooth(wy*t); %signal data set

fou=fft(y,fs); %Fourier Transform (set of complex numbers)

hmag=imag(fou); bh=hmag/N; %get set of harmonic amplitudes

stem(0:9,bh(1:10)); %plot of first 10 harmonics

axis([0 10 0 1]);

xlabel('Hz'); title('sawtooth signal harmonics');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.12 Rectified signal to be analyzed

%rectified sine signal to be analyzed

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:((3*Ty)-tiv); %time intervals set (3 periods)

y3=abs(sin(wy*t)); %signal data set

plot(t,y3);

xlabel('seconds'); title('rectified sine signal (3 periods)');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.13 Fourier transform of rectified signal

%Fourier Transfom of rectified sine signal

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %%number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(Ty-tiv); %time intervals set (1 period)

y=abs(sin(wy*t)); %signal data set

fou=fft(y); %Fourier Transform (set of complex numbers)

%get set of harmonic amplitudes:

ah(1)=fou(1)/Ns;

hmag=real(fou);

ah(2:Ns)=(hmag(2:Ns)*2)/Ns;

stem(0:9,ah(1:10)); hold on; %plot of first 10 harmonics

plot([0 10],[0 0],'k');

xlabel('Hz'); title('rectified sine signal harmonics');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.14 Triangular signal to be analyzed

%triangular signal to be analyzed

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

 tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:((3*Ty)-tiv); %time intervals set (3 periods)

y3=-sawtooth(wy*t,0.5); %signal data set

plot(t,y3);

xlabel('seconds'); title('triangular signal (3 periods)');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.15 Fourier transform of triangular signal

%Fourier Transfom of triangular signal

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %%number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(Ty-tiv); %time intervals set (1 period)

y=-sawtooth(wy*t,0.5); %signal data set

fou=fft(y); %Fourier Transform (set of complex numbers)

%get set of harmonic amplitudes:

ah(1)=fou(1)/Ns;

hmag=real(fou);

ah(2:Ns)=(hmag(2:Ns)*2)/Ns;

stem(0:9,ah(1:10)); hold on; %plot of first 10 harmonics

plot([0 10],[0 0],'k');

xlabel('Hz'); title('triangular signal harmonics');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.16 Pulse train signal

pulse train signal to be analyzed

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

 Ns=256; %number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:((3*Ty)-tiv); %time intervals set (3 periods)

W=20;

y1=zeros(256,1); y1(1:W)=1; y1((256-W):256)=1; %signal first part

yt=cat(1,y1,y1,y1); %signal to be plotted

plot(t,yt);

axis([0 3 -0.1 1.1]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('pulse train signal (3 periods)');

Hasil Running :

Program 1.17 Fourier transform of pulse train signal

%Fourier Transform of pulse train signal

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; W=20;

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

y1=zeros(256,1); y1(1:W)=1; y1((256-W):256)=1; %signal period

fou=fft(y1); %Fourier Transform (set of complex numbers)

%get set of harmonic amplitudes:

ah(1)=fou(1)/Ns;

hmag=real(fou);

ah(2:Ns)=(hmag(2:Ns)*2)/Ns;

stem(0:49,ah(1:50)); hold on; %plot of first 50 harmonics

plot([0 50],[0 0],'k');

xlabel('Hz'); title('pulse train signal harmonics');

Hasil Running :
Program 1.18 Sinc function

%sinc function

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

Ty=1/fy; %signal period in seconds

Ns=256; %number of samples per signal period

fs=Ns*fy; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=-((6*Ty)-tiv):tiv:((6*Ty)-tiv); %time intervals set (12 periods)

y=sinc(t); %signal data set

plot(t,y); hold on;

plot([0 0],[-0.4 1.2],'k');

xlabel('seconds'); title('sinc function');

Hasil Running :
Program 1.19 Sine signal and low sampling frequency

% Sine signal & slow sampling frequency

fy=1; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

fs=7; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

plot(t,y,'-kd'); %plots figure

axis([0 3 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds'); title('sine signal');

Hasil Running :
Program 1.20 Sine signal and aliasing

% Sine signal & aliasing

fy=3; %signal frequency in Hz

wy=2*pi*fy; %signal frequency in rad/s

% good sampling fequency

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,y,'k'); %plots figure

axis([0 3 -1.5 1.5]);

title('3Hz sine signal');

ylabel('fs=100');

% too slow sampling fequency

fs=4; %sampling frequency in Hz

tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;

t=0:tiv:(3-tiv); %time intervals set

y=sin(wy*t); %signal data set

subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,y,'-kd'); %plots figure

axis([0 3 -1.5 1.5]);

xlabel('seconds');

ylabel('fs=4');

Hasil Running :
 LAPORAN

BAB II

Program 2.1 Random signal with uniform PDF

% Normal PDF with shaded zone

v=-1.3:0.01:1.3;
mu=0; sigma=0.4;
ypdf=normpdf(v,mu,sigma);
plot(v,ypdf); hold on;
axis([-1.5 1.5 0 1.1]);
xlabel('values'); title('normal PDF');
for n=1:2:50,
plot([v(150+n) v(150+n)],[0 ypdf(150+n)],'g','linewidth',2);
end;

Hasil Running :

Program 2.2 Uniform PDF

% Random signal with uniform PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(2-tiv); %time intervals set (200 values)
N=length(t); %number of data points
 y=rand(N,1); %random signal data set
plot(t,y,'-k'); %plots figure
axis([0 2 0 1.2]);
xlabel('seconds'); title('random signal with uniform PDF');

Hasil Running :

Program 2.3 Histogram of a random signal with uniform PDF

% Uniform PDF
v=0:0.01:1; %values set
ypdf=unifpdf(v,0,1); %uniform PDF
plot(v,ypdf); hold on; %plots figure
axis([-0.5 1.5 0 1.1]);
xlabel('values'); title('uniform PDF');
plot([0 0],[0 1],'--k');
plot([1 1],[0 1],'--k');
Hasil Running :
Program 2.4 Random signal with normal PDF

% Histogram of a random signal with uniform PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(100-tiv); %time intervals set (10000 values)
N=length(t); %number of data points
y=rand(N,1); %random signal data set
v=0:0.02:1; %value intervals set
hist(y,v); colormap(cool); %plots histogram
xlabel('values'); title('Histogram of random signal with uniform PDF');

Hasil Running :

Program 2.5 Normal PDF

% Random signal with normal PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(2-tiv); %time intervals set (200 values)
N=length(t); %number of data points
y=randn(N,1); %random signal data set
plot(t,y,'-k'); %plots figure
axis([0 2 -3 3]);
xlabel('seconds'); title('random signal with normal PDF');
Hasil Running :

Program 2.6 Histogram of a random signal with normal PDF

% Normal PDF
v=-3:0.01:3; %values set
mu=0; sigma=1; %random variable parameters
ypdf=normpdf(v,mu,sigma); %normal PDF
plot(v,ypdf); hold on; %plots figure
axis([-3 3 0 0.5]);
xlabel('values'); title('normal PDF');

Hasil Running :

Program 2.7 Random signal with log-normal PDF

% Histogram of a random signal with normal PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(100-tiv); %time intervals set (10000 values)
 N=length(t); %number of data points
y=randn(N,1); %random signal data set
v=-4:0.1:4; %value intervals set
hist(y,v); colormap(cool); %plots histogram
xlabel('values'); title('Histogram of random signal with normal PDF');

Hasil Running :

Program 2.8 Log-normal PDF

% Random signal with log-normal PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(2-tiv); %time intervals set (200 values)
N=length(t); %number of data points
mu=0; sigma=1; %random signal parameters
y=lognrnd(mu,sigma,N,1); %random signal data set
plot(t,y,'-k'); %plots figure
axis([0 2 0 12]);
xlabel('seconds'); title('random signal with log-normal PDF');
Hasil Running :

Program 2.9 Histogram of a random signal with log-normal PDF

% Log-normal PDF
v=-3:0.01:6; %values set
mu=0; sigma=1; %random variable parameters
ypdf=lognpdf(v,mu,sigma); %log-normal PDF
plot(v,ypdf); hold on; %plots figure
axis([0 6 0 0.7]);
xlabel('values'); title('log-normal PDF');

Hasil Running :
Program 2.10 A skewed PDF with mean, median and mode

% Histogram of a random signal with log-normal PDF

fs=100; %sampling frequency in Hz
tiv=1/fs; %time interval between samples;
t=0:tiv:(100-tiv); %time intervals set (10000 values)
N=length(t); %number of data points
mu=0; sigma=1; %random signal parameters
y=lognrnd(mu,sigma,N,1); %random signal data set
v=0:0.1:12; %value intervals set
hist(y,v); colormap(cool); %plots histogram
axis([0 8 0 700]);
xlabel('values'); title('Histogram of random signal with log-normal PDF');

Hasil Running :