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    Frogeye Leaf Spot of Tobacco

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Ahmad
    This document summarizes frogeye leaf spot, a fungal disease of tobacco caused by Cercospora nitotianae. The fungus reproduces asexually via conidia spores and sexually via stroma fruiting bodies. Symptoms start as small white or tan lesions on lower leaves that enlarge with dark margins and stroma in the center. Warm, humid conditions promote disease spread as conidia are dispersed by water and air to infect new leaves. Crop rotation, removal of debris, and fungicide application can help manage the disease, which historically affected ripe tobacco and more recently is causing greater yield losses and damage under conducive environmental conditions.

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    Frogeye Leaf Spot of Tobacco

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Ahmad
    157 views5 pages
    This document summarizes frogeye leaf spot, a fungal disease of tobacco caused by Cercospora nitotianae. The fungus reproduces asexually via conidia spores and sexually via stroma fruiting bodies. Symptoms start as small white or tan lesions on lower leaves that enlarge with dark margins and stroma in the center. Warm, humid conditions promote disease spread as conidia are dispersed by water and air to infect new leaves. Crop rotation, removal of debris, and fungicide application can help manage the disease, which historically affected ripe tobacco and more recently is causing greater yield losses and damage under conducive environmental conditions.

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    This document summarizes frogeye leaf spot, a fungal disease of tobacco caused by Cercospora nitotianae. The fungus reproduces asexually via conidia spores and sexually via stroma fruiting bodies. Symptoms start as small white or tan lesions on lower leaves that enlarge with dark margins and stroma in the center. Warm, humid conditions promote disease spread as conidia are dispersed by water and air to infect new leaves. Crop rotation, removal of debris, and fungicide application can help manage the disease, which historically affected ripe tobacco and more recently is causing greater yield losses and damage under conducive environmental conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    157 views5 pages

    Frogeye Leaf Spot of Tobacco

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Ahmad
    This document summarizes frogeye leaf spot, a fungal disease of tobacco caused by Cercospora nitotianae. The fungus reproduces asexually via conidia spores and sexually via stroma fruiting bodies. Symptoms start as small white or tan lesions on lower leaves that enlarge with dark margins and stroma in the center. Warm, humid conditions promote disease spread as conidia are dispersed by water and air to infect new leaves. Crop rotation, removal of debris, and fungicide application can help manage the disease, which historically affected ripe tobacco and more recently is causing greater yield losses and damage under conducive environmental conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Frogeye Leaf Spot Of Tobacco

    Etiology
    Causal Organism : Cercospora nitotianae
    Class : Ascomycete
     This is the most important fungus in tobacco
    economically.
     This fungus can reproduce on many common
    weeds.
     Like other pathogen of leaf spot of tobacco the
    suitable conditions for this fungus is warm and
    humid envirnmnt
     Asexual spores(conidia) can land on the surface of
    host tissues germinate and form new lesions that
    contain the hyphae of this fungus.
     Conidiophore bear conidia spores erupt from plant
    tissues via stroma(asexual reproductive structure)
     Conidia spores are produced on each
    conidiophores.
     Conidia are long, multi-septate brown pigmented.
     Spores dispersed to susceptible host conidia
    germinate

    Symptoms
    Symptoms are usually found on lower leaves.
    These spots spread on all the leaves of plant.
    In start lesions are small and spots are sunken
    white or sunken tan color.
    Spots on mature leaf are round in shape and
    its diameter is 1cm.
    Middle area of spot is pale white/tan with
    dark brown margin.
    Yellow halo seen on green leaves which can
    extended out from dark margin.
    Stroma(dark color fruiting bodies) are created
    black area in the center of spot seen which
    resemble to pepper flakes.
    Fruiting bodies emerge conidia and under
    magnification appear as long, thin and hair
    like gradually curve is uniform along its
    length.

    Epidemology
    When warm temperature (25-30C*) combine with
    high humidity are suitable condition for
    reproduction and growth of Cercospora nicotianae.

    Disease Cycle
     Conidia are present in the debris of plant and soil.
     Water and air are the source of dispersion of these
    spores to new host.
     Spores germinate and infect leaf tissues.
     Leaf tissues dies when hyphae spread in the tissues
    of leaf and form necrotic lesions.
     Within the lesion of leaf the stroma (fruiting body)
    are formed that erupt plant tissues to release
    spores.

    Management
    Cultural practices are very important to reduce
    damages of this pathogen.
    Destruction of crop residue at the end of growing
    season which is helpful to reduced the incidence
    and severity of frogeye leaf spot from one to next
    season by limiting inoculum build-up.
    Crop rotation with non-host plants are helpful to
    break the life cycle of disease.
    Avoid transplanting of new plants from near more
    mature plants which are harbor and spread disease.
    Not common in greenhouse.
    By the transplanting of infected plant the disease
    can transfer into previously unaffected field.
    Row spacing reduce severity and incidence of
    disease.
    No conventional fungicides are available
    (Strobilurin) in North Carolina
    Cultural practices used are important to reduce the
    loss of this disease.

    Economic Importance
    Historically this disease is main issue for ripe tobacco, in
    the last couple of years become more common.This
    disease is mostly found on lower or more mature leaves
    and effect the green tissues.Severe infection not only
    impact on yield of tobacco but in conducive
    environmental conditions caused severe damage of
    leaves.

    Reference
    From NC State Publications from google net

    Authors
    Andrew Ernst (Research Assistant
    Entomology and Plant Pathology)

    Lindsey Thiessen (Assistant Professor


    Entomology and Plant Pathology)

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