WORKSHEET:SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

SET A:

1. Find the molarity of all ions in a solution that contains 0.165 moles of aluminum chloride in 820. ml
solution.
Answer: [Al 3+]= 0.201 M , (Cl-] = 0.603M.

2. Find the molarity of each ion present after mixing 27 ml of 0.25 M HNO3 with 36 ml of 0.42 M Ca(NO3)2
(Note: There is no reaction taking place.)

Answer: [H+]= 0.11 M, [NO3-]= 0.59M, [Ca2+]= 0.24 M .

4. Calculate the concentration of each ion and the mass of any precipitate when a 0.300 mole of
aluminum hydroxide is added to 50.0 ml of 2.5 M nitric acid solution ( Assume that there is no volume
change upon the addition of the aluminum hydroxide to the solution).
Hint: Write a balanced equation for the reaction taking place.
Answer: 20 g Al(OH)3 left over, [Al3+]=0.83 M, [NO3-]= 2.5M

5. A solution consists of 3.88 g benzene,C6H6 , and 2.45 g toluene ,C6H5CH3. The vapor pressure of pure
benzene at 20. ° C is 75 mm Hg and that of toluene at 20.0 ° C is 22 mm Hg. Assume that Raoult’s law
holds for each component of the solution, calculate the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor. ( molar mass
of benzene= 78.0 g/mole and toluene = 92.0 g/mole.)
Answer= 0.87

6. The freezing point of a glucose solution ( C6H12O6;molar mass= 180.0 g/mole) is - 10.3 ° C . The
density of the solution is 1.50 g/ml. What is the molarity of the glucose solution? ( Kf for water is
1.86 ° C.kg/mole)
Answer: 4.16 mole/L

7. What is the normal boiling point of a 2.70 M solution of KBr that has a density of 1.80 g/ml?( KB for
H2O is 0.512 ° C .kg/mole) Answer=: 101.9 ° C

8. 28.00 ml of 0.670 M potassium carbonate solution is mixed with 15.00 ml of 0.940 M cobalt(III) chloride
a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

b. Write the total-ionic and net-ionic equations for the above reaction.
Total ionic:
Net-ionic:
c. Give the name and mass of any precipitate(s)that may have formed.
Answer: 1.87 g of Co2(CO3)3 precipitate.
Calculate the molar concentration of each ion remaining in solution after the reaction is complete.
Answer:concentration of potassium ions= 0.874 M,
concentration of cobalt (III) ions= 0.0372 M
concentration of carbonate ions= 0 M
concentration of chloride ions= 0.986 M
SET B:
1. A solution that contains 12.6 g of a nonvolatile nondissociating solute in 400. g of benzene freezes at 3.6
° C . The normal freezing point of benzene is 5.5 ° C. What is the molar mass of the solute? ( KF for
benzene= 4.96 ° C .kg/mole)
Answer: 82 g/mole

2. Chloroform and methanol form an ideal solution. The solution boils at 22 ° C and 0.255 atm . At 22 ° C ,
the vapor pressure of pure methanol is 0.192 atm and the vapor pressure of pure chloroform is 0.311 atm.
What is the mole fraction of chloroform in the solution?
Answer: 0.529
3. What is the normal boiling point of 1.21 M solution of CaI2 that has a density of 1.92 g/ml? ( KB for H2O
=0.512 ° C .kg/mole) Answer: 101.2 ° C

4. Calculate the freezing point of a 36.0 % by mass Na3PO4 solution. ( Kf for H2O = 1.86 ° C .kg/mole)
Answer: -25.5 ° C

5. 32.00 ml of 0.311 M aluminum nitrate is mixed with 64.00 ml of 0.177 M sodium carbonate and allowed
to react.
a. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
b. Write total-ionic and net-ionic equations for the above reaction.
Total-ionic:
Net-ionic:
c. Give the name and mass of any precipitate that may have formed.
Answer: 0.884 g of Al2(CO3)3 precipitate
d. Calculate the molar concentration of each ion remaining in solution after reaction is complete.
Answer: Concentration of carbonate ions= 0 M
Concentration of aluminum ions = 0.0252 M
Concentration of nitrate ions= 0.312 M
Concentration of sodium ions = 0.236 M

SET C:

1. What is the molarity of an aqueous solution of C6H12O6 that has a normal boiling point of 101.40 ° C
and density of 1.68 g/ml? KB for water is 0.512 ° C .kg/mole. ( C6H12O6 is a nonvolatile nondissociating
solute.)
Answer: 3.07 mole/L

2. Calculate the normal freezing point of a 0.6837 M aqueous solution of C12H22O11 that has a density of
1.35 g/ml. ( C12H22O11 is a nonvolatile nondissociating solute.) The molal freezing point depression
constant of water is 1.86 ° C .kg/mole.
Answer: Freezing point= -1.14 ° C

3. Heptane, C7H16, and octane,C8H18, form an ideal solution. At 40. ° C , the vapor pressure of pure
heptane is 0.522 atm , and the vapor pressure of pure octane is 0.238 atm. A solution is made of 5.32 g
heptane and 8.80 g octane. Calculate the mole fraction of octane in the vapor at the above temperature.
Answer: 0.398

4. What is the molar mass and molecular formula of a nondissociating compound whose empirical formula
is C4H2N , if 3.84 g of the compound in 500. g benzene give a freezing point depression of 0.307 ° C? (
The molal freezing point depression constant for benzene is 5.12 ° C .kg/mole.)
Answer: 128 g/mole; C8H4N2

5. Liquids A and B form an ideal solution. The vapor pressure of pure A is 0.700 atm at the normal
boiling point of a solution prepared from 0.250 mole of B and 0.650 mole of A. What is the vapor pressure
of pure B at this temperature?
Answer: 1.77 atm

6. A 0.900 L aqueous solution contains 30.0 g of a protein. The osmotic pressure of the solution is 12.7
torr at 25 ° C. What is the molar mass of the protein?
Answer: 4.88 x 104 g/mole

7. Acetone and methanol form ideal solution. At 25 ° C, the vapor pressures of pure acetone and pure
methanol are 0.342 atm and 0.188 atm respectively. Calculate the mole fraction of methanol in a solution
that boils at 25 ° C and 0.248 atm.
Answer: X= 0.610
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