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The IMRaD Structure

The document discusses the IMRaD format, which is a common structure for scientific articles in health care and natural sciences. It consists of an Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion section. The Introduction provides background on the topic and states the research question or hypothesis. The Methods section explains how the study was conducted. The Results section presents the findings of the study. Finally, the Discussion section analyzes and interprets the results and discusses their implications and areas for future research. The IMRaD format aims to be concise and unambiguous without personal views.

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178 views1 page

The IMRaD Structure

The document discusses the IMRaD format, which is a common structure for scientific articles in health care and natural sciences. It consists of an Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion section. The Introduction provides background on the topic and states the research question or hypothesis. The Methods section explains how the study was conducted. The Results section presents the findings of the study. Finally, the Discussion section analyzes and interprets the results and discusses their implications and areas for future research. The IMRaD format aims to be concise and unambiguous without personal views.

Uploaded by

Gioia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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S&S » Writing » Structure and argumentation » The IMRaD format

The IMRaD format


IMRaD is an acronym for Introduction – Method – Results – and –
Discussion
Discussion.

The IMRaD format is a way of structuring a scientific article. It is often used in


health care and the natural sciences. Unlike theses in the social sciences, the
IMRaD format does not include a separate theory chapter.

Theses structured using the IMRaD format are usually short and concise. The
language will be as plain and as unambiguous as possible. There is no place in
this type of writing for personal views and fanciful language.

Introduction
Use the introduction to show that you are knowledgeable about your field of
study and existing research. Your introduction should contain:

A summary of existing research on the subject


Your thesis statement, hypothesis or research question
Theory (if relevant)
An introduction to the field, the current situation or to prevailing practice

The introduction should explain what we know, and what we are uncertain
about
about. It should explain and summarise, but it should also ask questions,
clarify, compare etc. Everything you write here must relate to your
research question.

Method
Use your method chapter to show that you arrived at your results by applying
valid and reliable methods. Explain what you did; your research, treatment or
professional intervention, and how you did it.

Account for …
Document …
… for what you did and did not do

Your method chapter shows how you arrived at your results

Results

A relatively large part of your paper/thesis should be devoted to your results


(findings, data, empirical evidence). In this section you should:

Present the findings


Organise, classify, analyse and (if relevant) categorise
Explain and interpret (e.g., differences between various studies)
Assess and evaluate .

Your results = the essence of your paper. The Introduction and Methods
chapter should build up to your Results by showing how you arrived at your
results (Methods) and their significance (Introduction).

Discussion

In this chapter you discuss the results of your study/project.

Is it possible to generalise?
Make comparisons with other studies
Are there alternative explanations?
What are the strong and weak aspects of your paper?
What are the practical implications?
Is more research needed?
Make recommendations (to be applied in practice).

For your conclusion: What answer(s) have you found to your research
question? If you have a hypothesis, has it been strengthened, weakened or
falisified? Do not introduce issues here that have not been mentioned earlier. If
the results of your study do not allow you to draw any conclusions, you can end
with a summing up
up.

Articles based on the IMRaD format can be found in Helsebiblioteket. For more
reading about the IMRAD format, try searching in Bibsys.

References: Aveyard, H. (2007) Doing a literature review in health and social


care. Maidenhead : Open University Press.

Last updated: December 19, 2017

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