Chapter 6

Work, Energy and Power

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
(Work)
g
1. A string is used to pull a block of mass m vertically up by a distance h at a constant acceleration . The
3
work done by the tension in the string is

2 −mgh 4
(1) mgh (2) (3) mgh (4) mgh
3 3 3
Sol. Answer (4)
T – mg = ma T
T = m(g + a)

4 mg
= mg
3
Work (w) = T.h

4
= mgh
3

2. A body constrained to move in z direction is subjected to a force given by F = (3iˆ − 10 jˆ + 5kˆ )N . What is the
work done by this force in moving the body through a distance of 5 m along z-axis?
(1) 15 J (2) – 15 J (3) –50 J (4) 25 J
Sol. Answer (4)

( )
W = 3 iˆ − 10 ˆj + 5 kˆ .5 kˆ

= 25 J

3. If 250 J of work is done in sliding a 5 kg block up an inclined plane of height 4 m. Work done against friction
is (g = 10 ms–2)
(1) 50 J (2) 100 J (3) 200 J (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (1)

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56 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

WTotal = Wfriction + Wgravity

–250 = Wf – 50(4)
Wf = –50 J

4. A man carries a load on his head through a distance of 5 m. The maximum amount of work is done when
he
(1) Moves it over an inclined plane (2) Moves it over a horizontal surface
(3) Lifts it vertically upwards (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Displacement is maximum while moving it vertically upwards.

5. A body moves a distance of 10 m along a straight line under the action of a force 5 N. If the work done is
25 joule, the angle which the force makes with the direction of motion of body is
(1) 0° (2) 30° (3) 60° (4) 90°
Sol. Answer (3)
 
F . S = 25

FS cosθ = 25
(5) (10) cosθ = 25

1
cos θ =
2
θ = 60°

6. A block of mass m is pulled along a circular arc by means of a constant horizontal force F as shown. Work
done by this force in pulling the block from A to B is

60° R
B
R F

A F
FR 3
(1) (2) FR (3) FR (4) mgR
2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
Work = Force × (Displacement in the direction of force)

3
= F(Rsin 60°) = FR
2

60° R
Rcos 60°
Rsin 60°

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 57

7. A particle is displaced from a position ( 2iˆ − jˆ + kˆ ) metre to another position ( 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2 kˆ ) metre under the
action of force ( 2iˆ + jˆ − kˆ ) N. Work done by the force is
(1) 8 J (2) 10 J (3) 12 J (4) 36 J
Sol. Answer (1)
 
W = F .S

( )
Displacement vector S = (3i + 2j – 2k) – (2i – j + k)

= i + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ
W = (2i + j – k) . (i + 3j – 3k)
= 2 + 3 + 3 = 8J

g
8. A string is used to pull a block of mass m vertically up by a distance h at a constant acceleration . The
4
work done by the tension in the string is

g/4
m

3mgh mgh 5
(1) + (2) − (3) + mgh (4) + mgh
4 4 4
Sol. Answer (3)
T – mg = ma
⎛ g⎞ 5
T = m ( g + a ) ⇒ T = m ⎜ g + ⎟ = mg
⎝ 4⎠ 4
5
W = T .h = mgh
4

9. Work done by frictional force

(1) Is always negative (2) Is always positive
(3) Is zero (4) May be positive, negative or zero
Sol. Answer (4)
Frictional force can act in the direction of displacement, opposite to it and sometimes not let the body move.
So the work can be positive, negative or zero.
(Kinetic Energy)
10. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 have same kinetic energy. The ratio of their momentum is
m2 m1 m12 m22
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m1 m2 m22 m12
Sol. Answer (2)

P12 P2
= 2
2m1 2m2

P1 m1
=
P2 m2

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58 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

11. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 have same momentum. The ratio of their KE is

m2 m1 m1 m2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m1 m2 m2 m1

Sol. Answer (4)

2m1k1 = 2m2 k2

k1 m2
=
k2 m1

12. KE of a body is increased by 44%. What is the percent increase in the momentum?
(1) 10% (2) 20% (3) 30% (4) 44%
Sol. Answer (2)

1.44K =
(P ) 1 2

2m

P1 = 1.2 P

P1 − P 1.2P − P
× 100 = = 20%
P P

13. When momentum of a body increases by 200%, its KE increases by

(1) 200% (2) 300% (3) 400% (4) 800%
Sol. Answer (4)
P1 = 3P

K1 =
( 3P )2 =
9P 2
2m 2m

9P 2 P 2
1 −
K −K
× 100 = 2m 2 2m × 100 = 800%
K P
2m
14. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are moving with same kinetic energy. If P1 and P2 are their respective
P1
momentum, the ratio is equal to
P2
2
m1 m2 m1 m1
(1) m (2) m1 (3) (4) 2
2 m2 m2
Sol. Answer (3)

P12 P2
= 2
2m1 2m2

P1 m1
=
P2 m2

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 59
(Work Done by a Variable Force)

15. A particle moves along X-axis from x = 0 to x = 1 m under the influence of a force given by F = 3 x 2 + 2 x − 10 .
Work done in the process is
(1) +4 J (2) –4 J (3) +8 J (4) –8 J
Sol. Answer (4)

1
(
W = ∫ 3 x 2 + 2 x − 10 dx )
0

1
= ⎡⎣ x 3 + x 2 − 10 x ⎤⎦ = −8 J
0

16. A particle moves along x-axis from x = 0 to x = 5 metre under the influence of a force F = 7 – 2x + 3x2. The
work done in the process is
(1) 70 (2) 135 (3) 270 (4) 35
Sol. Answer (2)
5  5

∫ ( 7 − 2x + 3 x )dx
2
W = ∫ F .dx =
0 0

= [7x – x2 + x3]05 = 135

(Notion of Work and Kinetic Energy : The Work-Energy Theorem)
17. Under the action of a force, a 2 kg body moves such that its position x as a function of time t is given by
t2
x= , where x is in metre and t in second. The work done by the force in first two seconds is
3
16
(1) 1600 J (2) 160 J (3) 16 J (4) J
9
Sol. Answer (4)

t2 2t
x= ⇒ v=
3 3

1 ⎡⎛ 4 ⎞2 ⎤
W = ΔK.E. = ( 2) ⎢⎜ ⎟ − 0 ⎥ = 16 J
2 ⎢⎣⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 9

⎛ 1 ⎞
18. A rifle bullets loses ⎜ ⎟ th of its velocity in passing through a plank. Assuming that the plank exerts a
⎝ 20 ⎠
constant retarding force, the least number of such planks required just to stop the bullet is
(1) 11 (2) 20 (3) 21 (4) Infinite
Sol. Answer (1)
Let the retarding force by one block is F and displacement inside one block is x.
So using work energy theorem for one block

2
1 ⎡ ⎛ 19 ⎞ ⎤
− F .x = m ⎢ ⎜ v ⎟ − v 2 ⎥ …(1)
2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎥⎦

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60 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

1 ⎡
Applying work energy theorem for n blocks, −F .nx = m o − v 2 ⎤⎦
2 ⎣
Using value of Fx from …(1)
2
1 ⎡ 2 ⎛ 19 ⎞ ⎤ 1
m ⎢v − ⎜ v ⎟ ⎥ n = m ⎣⎡o − v 2 ⎦⎤
2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 2

Solving for n, n = 10.25

So, 11 planks

19. A particle of mass 2 kg travels along a straight line with velocity v = a x , where a is a constant. The work
done by net force during the displacement of particle from x = 0 to x = 4 m is

(1) a2 (2) 2a2 (3) 4a2 (4) 2 a2

Sol. Answer (3)

v =a x
1 1
W = mv 2 − mu 2
2 2
1
( )
2
= ( 2) ⎡⎢ a 4 ⎤
− 0⎥
2 ⎣ ⎦
= 4a2

20. The position x of a particle moving along x-axis at time (t) is given by the equation t = x + 2 , where x is in
metres and t in seconds. Find the work done by the force in first four seconds.

(1) Zero (2) 2 J (3) 4 J (4) 8 J

Sol. Answer (1)

x = (t – 2)2

dx
= v = 2 ( t − 2)
dt

1 1
W = mv 2 − mu 2
2 2

m⎡ 2
= 4 − 42 ⎤⎦ = 0
2⎣

21. KE acquired by a mass m in travelling a certain distance d, starting from rest, under the action of a constant
force F is
(1) Directly proportional to m (2) Directly proportional to m
1
(3) Directly proportional to (4) None of these
m
Sol. Answer (4)
F.d = ΔK
F.d = Kf
K is independent of mass here.

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 61
22. A simple pendulum with bob of mass m and length x is held in position at an angle θ1 and then angle θ2 with
the vertical. When released from these positions, speeds with which it passes the lowest positions are v1 &
v1
v2 respectively. Then, is
v2
1 − cos θ1 1 − cos θ1 2gx(1 − cos θ1 ) 1 − cos θ1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 − cos θ2 1 − cos θ2 1 − cos θ2 2gx(1 − cos θ2 )
Sol. Answer (2)
Ui + ki = Uf + kf (Mechanical energy conservation)

1
mgl (1 − cos θ ) = mv 2
2

v12 1 − cos θ1
=
v 22 1 − cos θ2

v1 1 − cos θ1
=
v2 1 − cos θ2

23. The total work done on a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. This is applicable
(1) Always (2) Only if the conservative forces are acting on it
(3) Only in inertial frames (4) Only when pseudo forces are absent
Sol. Answer (1)
W = Δk is always applicable

24. A particle of mass 0.1 kg is subjected to a force which varies with distance as shown. If it starts its journey
from rest at x = 0, then its velocity at x = 12 m is
(1) 0 m/s F (N)
(2) 20 2 m/s 10 N

(3) 20 3 m/s
(4) 40 m/s x (m)
x=4 x = 8 x = 12
Sol. Answer (4)
Total work done = Area under F – x curve
= ΔK.E.
1 1
( 4 )(10 ) + ( 4 ) 10 + 40 = Δ K
2 2
1
80 J = ( 0.1) v 2 ⇒ v = 40 m/s
2

25. An unloaded bus can be stopped by applying brakes on straight road after covering a distance x. Suppose,
the passenger add 50% of its weight as the load and the braking force remains unchanged, how far will the
bus go after the application of the brakes? (Velocity of bus in both case is same)
(1) Zero (2) 1.5x (3) 2x (4) 2.5x
Sol. Answer (2)
1
F .x = mv 2
2
1
F .x 1 = (1.5m ) v 2 ⇒ x1 = 1.5 x
2
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62 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

(The Concept of Potential Energy)

26. Potential energy is defined
(1) Only in conservative fields
(2) As the negative of work done by conservative forces
(3) As the negative of workdone by external forces when ΔK = 0
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)

27. A stick of mass m and length l is pivoted at one end and is displaced through an angle θ. The increase in
potential energy is

l l l l
(1) mg (1 − cos θ) (2) mg (1 + cos θ) (3) mg (1 − sin θ) (4) mg (1 + sin θ)
2 2 2 2

Sol. Answer (1)

mgl
Using mechanical energy conservation, U = (1 − cos θ)
2

28. A spring with spring constants k when compressed by 1 cm, the potential energy stored is U. If it is further
compressed by 3 cm, then change in its potential energy is
(1) 3U (2) 9U (3) 8U (4) 15U
Sol. Answer (4)
1 k
k (1) =
2
U=
2 2
1 1
k ( 4) = k (16) = 16U
2
U1 =
2 2
ΔU = U1 − U = 16U − U = 15U
29. Two springs have force constant K1 and K2 (K1 > K2). Each spring is extended by same force F. It their elastic
E1
potential energy are E1 and E2 then E is
2

K1 K2 K1 K2
(1) K (2) K (3) (4)
2 1 K2 K1
Sol. Answer (2)
F
x=
K
2
1 2 1 ⎛F⎞
U= Kx = K ⎜ ⎟
2 2 ⎝K⎠

F2
U=
2K

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 63

1
U∝
K

U1 K 2
=
U2 K1

30. Initially mass m is held such that spring is in relaxed condition. If mass m is suddenly released, maximum
elongation in spring will be

mg 2mg mg mg
(1) (2) (3) (4)
k k 2k 4k
Sol. Answer (2)
Ei = Ef

1 2
⇒ 0 = −mgx + kx
2

2mg
x=
k

31. The potential energy of a particle of mass 5 kg moving in x-y plane is given by equation,
U = –7x + 24y joule. Here x and y are in metre at t = 0, the particle is at origin and moving with velocity
( 2iˆ + 3 ˆj ) m/s. The magnitude of acceleration of particle is

(1) 3 m/s2 (2) 5 m/s2 (3) 31 m/s2 (4) 15 m/s2

Sol. Answer (2)

32. On a particle placed at origin a variable force F = –ax (where a is a positive constant) is applied. If U(0) = 0,
the graph between potential energy of particle U(x) and x is best represented by

U(x) U(x) U(x)

U(x)

x x
(1) (2) (3) (4) O
x x
O O

Sol. Answer (2)

U
−dU
F = −ax =
dx
Integrating both sides

ax 2 x
U=
2

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64 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

33. The variation of potential energy U of a system is shown in figure. The force acting on the system is best
represented by
U (x)

O x1 x2 x3 x

F F

x1 x2 x3
(1) x (2) x
O x1 x2 x3 O

F
x1 x2 x3
O x
x2 x3
(3) O x (4)
x1

Sol. Answer (1)

−dU
F= ⇒ Slope of U–x curve will represent force
dx
from 0 → x1 Slope is positive and non zero
from x1 → x2 Slope is zero
from x2 → x3 Slope is negative and non zero

34. The variation of potential energy U of a body moving along x-axis varies with its position (x) as shown in figure
U
B

C x
O A
The body is in equilibrium state at
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) Both A & C
Sol. Answer (2)

dU
at B, = 0 (Slope of U – x curve)
dx
⇒ F = 0 at B, So its a position of equilibrium

(The Conservation of Mechanical Energy)

35. A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table and one third of its length is hanging
vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is acceleration due to gravity, the minimum work required to
pull the hanging part of the chain on the table is

MgL MgL MgL

(1) MgL (2) (3) (4)
3 9 18
Sol. Answer (4)

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 65

L M
Mass of part will be 2L/3
3 3

L L L/3
Centre of mass of part is below the table
3 6
So total displacement of C.M. to bring it on the table

M ⎛ L ⎞ MgL
W = g⎜ ⎟ =
3 ⎝ 6⎠ 18

36. A block of mass m moving with velocity v0 on a smooth horizontal surface hits the spring of constant k as
shown. The maximum compression in spring is
v0
k
m

2m m m m
(1) ⋅v0 (2) ⋅v0 (3) ⋅v (4) ⋅v
k k 2k 0 2k 0
Sol. Answer (2)
Ei = Ef
1 1
m v 02 = kx 2
2 2

m
x= v
k 0

37. For a particle moving under the action of a variable force, kinetic energy-position graph is given, then
K
B
A D
C
x
(1) At A particle is decelerating (2) At B particle is accelerating
(3) At C particle has maximum velocity (4) At D particle has maximum acceleration
Sol. Answer (4)
F.dx = dK

dK
=F
dx

⇒ Slope of K – x curve gives force

So slope is max at D, hence acceleration is maximum at D

38. A particle of mass 200 g is moving in a circle of radius 2 m. The particle is just ‘looping the loop’. The speed
of the particle and the tension in the string at highest point of the circular path are
(g = 10 ms–2)
(1) 4 ms–1, 5 N (2) 4.47 ms–1, zero (3) 2.47 ms–1, zero (4) 1 ms–1, zero

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66 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (2)

v = gL = 4.47 m/s
T=0

39. A particle of mass 200 g, is whirled into a vertical circle of radius 80 cm using a massless string. The speed
of the particle when the string makes an angle of 60° with the vertical line is 1.5 ms–1. The tension in the string
at this position is

(1) 1 N (2) 1.56 N (3) 2 N (4) 3 N

Sol. Answer (2)

mv 2
T − mg cos θ =
R
θ = 60°

Solving this T = 1.56 N

40. A stone of mass 1 kg is tied with a string and it is whirled in a vertical circle of radius 1 m. If tension at the
highest point is 14 N, then velocity at lowest point will be

(1) 3 m/s (2) 4 m/s (3) 6 m/s (4) 8 m/s

Sol. Answer (4)

mv 2
T + mg = (at the highest point)
R

14 =
( ) + 10
1 v2
R (1)
v2 = 4 ⇒ v = 2 m/s
Using mechanical energy conservation

1
2
1
( )
(1) u 2 = (1) 22 + 1(10)( 2)
2

u2 = 64 ⇒ u = 8 m/s

(Power)
41. The power of water pump is 4 kW. If g = 10 ms–2, the amount of water it can raise in 1 minute to a height of 20 m
is
(1) 100 litre (2) 1000 litre
(3) 1200 litre (4) 2000 litre
Sol. Answer (3)

Work mgh
Power = =
time t

m (10)( 20)
= 4000 ⇒ m = 1200 litre
60

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 67

42. A particle moves with the velocity v = (5i + 2 j − k )ms –1 under the influence of a constant force,

F = (2iˆ + 5 jˆ − 10kˆ ) N. The instantaneous power applied is

(1) 5 W (2) 10 W (3) 20 W (4) 30 W

Sol. Answer (4)
 
P = F .V

= (2i + 5j – 10k) . (5i + 2j – k)

= 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 W

43. A body is projected from ground obliquely. During downward motion, power delivered by gravity to it
(1) Increases (2) Decreases
(3) Remains constant (4) First decreases and then becomes constant
Sol. Answer (1)
Power = Fv cosθ θ < 90°
Velocity of particle will increase

So power will increase as F is constant

44. The blades of a wind mill sweep out a circle of area A. If wind flows with velocity v perpendicular to blades of
wind mill and its density is ρ, then the mechanical power received by wind mill is

ρAv 3 ρAv 2
(1) (2) (3) ρAv2 (4) 2ρAv2
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)

dk d ⎡1 ⎤
P= = ⎢ mv 2 ⎥
dt dt ⎣ 2 ⎦

1 2 dm PAv 3
= v =
2 dt 2

45. A body of mass m accelerates uniformly from rest to velocity v1 in time interval T1. The instantaneous power
delivered to the body as a function of time t is
2
mv 12 mv1 ⎛ mv1 ⎞ 2
(1) t (2) t (3) ⎜ ⎟ t (4) mv1 t 2
T12 T12 ⎝ T1 ⎠ T1
Sol. Answer (1)

v1
v1 = u + at1 ⇒a=
t1
again v = u + at

⎛v ⎞
⇒ v = 0 + ⎜ 1⎟ t
⎝ T1 ⎠

mv1 mv1 ⎛ v1 ⎞
F = ma = ⇒P = t
T1 T1 ⎜⎝ T1 ⎟⎠
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68 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

46. The power of a pump, which can pump 500 kg of water to height 100 m in 10 s is
(1) 75 kW (2) 25 kW (3) 50 kW (4) 500 kW
Sol. Answer (3)
500 (1)(100)
P= = 50,000 = 50 kW
10

47. A pump is used to pump a liquid of density ρ continuously through a pipe of cross section area A. If liquid
is flowing with speed V, then power of pump is

1 1 1
(1) ρAV 2 (2) ρAV 2 (3) 2ρAV2 (4) ρAV 3
3 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)

v 2 dm 1
Pavg = = ρAv 3
2 dt 2

48. A car of mass m has an engine which can deliver power P. The minimum time in which car can be accelerated
from rest to a speed v is

mv 2 mv 2
(1) (2) Pmv2 (3) 2Pmv2 (4) P
2P 2
Sol. Answer (1)
K .E.
P=
t
m 2
Pt = v
2
mv 2
t=
2P

49. From a water fall, water is pouring down at the rate of 100 kg/s, on the blades of a turbine. If the height of
the fall is 100 m, the power delivered to the turbine is approximately equal to
(1) 100 kW (2) 10 kW (3) 1 kW (4) 100 W

Sol. Answer (1)

W mgh
Pavg = =
t t
⎛ m⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ gh
⎝ t ⎠

= 100 × 10 × 100 = 100 kW

(Collision)
50. A U–238 nucleus originally at rest, decays by emitting an α-particle, say with a velocity of v m/s. The recoil
velocity (in ms–1) of the residual nucleus is
4v 4v v 4v
(1) (2) – (3) (4) –
238 238 4 234
Sol. Answer (4)

−4v
Using momentum conservation, 0 = 4v + 234 v′⇒ v ′ =
234

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 69
51. An object of mass 80 kg moving with velocity 2 ms–1 hit by collides with another object of mass 20 kg moving
with velocity 4 ms–1. Find the loss of energy assuming a perfectly inelastic collision

(1) 12 J (2) 24 J (3) 30 J (4) 32 J

Sol. Answer (4)

Loss in kinetic energy

m1m2
Δk =
2 ( m1 + m2 )
( u1 − u2 )
2

Δk = 32 J

52. A ball of mass m moving with velocity v collides head-on with the second ball of mass m at rest. If the
coefficient of restitution is e and velocity of first ball after collision is v1 and velocity of second ball after collision
is v2 then

(1 − e )u (1 + e )u (1 + e )u (1 − e )u
(1) v1 = , v2 = (2) v1 = , v2 =
2 2 2 2
u u
(3) v1 = , v2 = − (4) v1 = (1 + e)u, v2 = (1 – e)u
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)

Velocity of separation
e=
Velocity of approach

(1 − e) u , v (1 + e) u
So, V1 = 2 =
2 2

53. Particle A makes a perfectly elastic collision with another particle B at rest. They fly apart in opposite direction
with equal speeds. If their masses are mA & mB respectively, then

(1) 2mA = mB (2) 3mA = mB (3) 4mA = mB (4) 3mA = mB

Sol. Answer (2)

From conservation of momentum and mechanical energy conservation

3mA = mB

m
54. A shell of mass m moving with a velocity v breakes up suddenly into two pieces. The part having mass
3
remains stationary. The velocity of the other part will be

2 3
(1) v (2) 2 v (3) v (4) v
3 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Momentum will be conserved, Pi = Pf
m 2m 1 3
mv =
3
( 0) +
3
( )
v ⇒ v1 = v
2

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70 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

55. A particle of mass m moving towards west with speed v collides with another particle of mass m moving towards
south. If two particles stick to each other, the speed of the new particle of mass 2 m will be

v v
(1) v 2 (2) (3) (4) v
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
Using conservation of momentum, Pi = Pf


( ) ( )
mv −iˆ + mv − jˆ = 2m v 1

v
v1 =
2

56. A body of mass 10 kg moving with speed of 3 ms–1 collides with another stationary body of mass 5 kg. As a
result, the two bodies stick together. The KE of composite mass will be
(1) 30 J (2) 60 J (3) 90 J (4) 120 J
Sol. Answer (1)
Using momentum conservation
10(3) = 15 V
V = 2 m/s

1 1 2
K.E. = mv 2 = (15 )( 2 ) = 30 J
2 2

57. A stationary particle explodes into two particles of masses x and y, which move in opposite directions with
velocity v1 and v2. The ratio of their kinetic energies (E1 : E2) is

xv 2 x y
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
yv1 y x

Sol. Answer (4)

Momentum will be conserved
0 = xv1 + yv2
–xv1 = yv2 …(1)

1 2
k1 2 xv1
=
k2 1 2
yv
2 2

2
⎛ v1 ⎞ y2
Using (1) ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ v2 ⎠ x2

k1 x ⎛ y 2 ⎞
= .⎜ 2 ⎟ = y
k2 y ⎝ x ⎠ x

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 71
58. Select the false statement
(1) In elastic collision, KE is not conserved during the collision
(2) The coefficient of restitution for a collision between two steel balls lies between 0 and 1
(3) The momentum of a ball colliding elastically with the floor is conserved
(4) In an oblique elastic collision between two identical bodies with one of them at rest initially, the final
velocities are perpendicular
Sol. Answer (3)
Momentum will be conserved.

59. A bullet of mass m moving with a velocity u strikes a block of mass M at rest and gets embedded in the block.
The loss of kinetic energy in the impact is

1 1 mMu 2 ⎛m+M ⎞ 2
(1) mMu 2 (2) (m + M )u 2 (3) (4) ⎜ ⎟u
2 2 2(m + M ) ⎝ 2mM ⎠
Sol. Answer (3)

1 m1M 2 mMx 2
Δk =
2 ( m1 + M 2 )
( u1 − u2 ) =
2

2(m + M )

60. A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M. If the block rises
to height h, the initial velocity of the bullet will be
m M +m
(1) 2gh (2) M + m 2gh (3) 2gh (4) 2gh
m M +m M
Sol. Answer (2)
Pi = Pf
mv + 0 = mv1 + Mv1
mv = (m + M)v1

mv
v1 = = 2gh
m+M

v=
(m + M ) 2gh
m

61. A ball is allowed to fall from a height of 10 m. If there is 40% loss of energy due to impact, then after one
impact ball will go up by
(1) 10 m (2) 8 m (3) 4 m (4) 6 m
Sol. Answer (4)
When ball just reaches the ground
k1 = mg (10)
40 % of energy is lost after impact. Using mechanical energy conservation
Ui + ki = Uf + kf
0 + (0.6) k1 = mgh + 0
(0.6) mg (10) = mgh
h=6m

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72 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

62. A bullet weighing 10 g and moving with a velocity 300 m/s strikes a 5 kg block of ice and drop dead. The
ice block is kept on smooth surface. The speed of the block after the collision is
(1) 6 cm/s (2) 60 cm/s (3) 6 m/s (4) 0.6 cm/s
Sol. Answer (2)
Using conservation of momentum
Pi = Pf

10 ⎛ 10 ⎞
.( 300) = ⎜ 5 + ⎟v
1000 ⎝ 1000 ⎠

10
5+ ≈5
1000
So, v = 0.6 m/s Or 60 cm/s

63. A particle of mass m moving eastward with a speed v collides with another particle of the same mass moving
northwards with same speed v. The two particles coalesce on collision. The new particle of mass 2m will move
with velocity.

v v v v
(1) North-East (2) South-West (3) North-West (4) North-East
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
m
m

Using momentum conservation

N
mv

2mv

E
mv

2mv 1 = 2mv
v
v1 = North-East
2
64. Two perfectly elastic particles A and B of equal masses travelling along the line joining them with velocity
15 m/s and 10 m/s respectively, collide. Their velocities after the elastic collision will be (in m/s), respectively

(1) 0, 25 (2) 3, 20 (3) 10, 15 (4) 20, 5

Sol. Answer (3)

Velocities will interchange as mass is same and collision is elastic

u1 = 10 m/s , u2 = 15 m/s

v1 = 15 m/s , v2 = 10 m/s

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 73
65. Two balls of equal mass undergo head on collision while each was moving with speed 6 m/s. If the coefficient

1
of restitution is , the speed of each ball after impact will be
3

(1) 18 m/s (2) 2 m/s

(3) 6 m/s (4) 4 m/s

Sol. Answer (2)

u
v= (1 − e )
2
6⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜ 1 − ⎟⎠ = 2 m/s
2⎝ 3

66. Select the false statement

(1) In elastic collision, kinetic energy during the collision is not conserved

(2) The coefficient of restitution for a collision between two steel balls lies between zero and one

(3) The momentum of a ball colliding elastically with the floor is conserved

(4) In an oblique elastic collision between two identical bodies with initially one of them at rest, final velocities
are perpendicular

Sol. Answer (3)

67. A ball of mass M moving with speed v collides perfectly inelastically with another ball of mass m at rest. The
magnitude of impulse imparted to the first ball is

Mm M2
(1) Mv (2) mv (3) v (4) v
M +m M +m

Sol. Answer (3)

Mmv
Impulse = Change in momentum of first ball=
M+m

SECTION - B

Objective Type Questions

(Work)

1. A force F = ( 3 i + 4 j ) N acts on a particle moving in x-y plane. Starting from origin, the particle first goes along
x-axis to the point (4, 0)m and then parallel to the y-axis to the point (4, 3)m. The total work done by the force
on the particle is
y (4, 3) m

x
(0, 0) (4, 0) m

(1) + 12 J (2) – 6 J (3) + 24 J (4) – 12 J

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74 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (3)


F = 3iˆ + 4 jˆ

Displacement vector ( x ) = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj
 
( )( )
F . x = 3i + 4 jˆ . 4iˆ + 3 jˆ = 12 + 12 = 24 J

g
2. A body of mass m is allowed to fall with the help of string with downward acceleration to a distance x. The work
6
done by the string is

mgx mgx 5mgx 5mgx

(1) (2) – (3) (4) –
6 6 6 6

Sol. Answer (4)

mg
mg − T =
6
5
⇒T = mg
6
−5
W = mgx
6
3. A particle of mass m is projected with speed u at angle θ with horizontal from ground. The work done by gravity on
it during its upward motion is

−mu 2 sin2 θ mu 2 cos2 θ mu 2 sin2 θ

(1) (2) (3) (4) Zero
2 2 2

Sol. Answer (1)

u 2 sin2 θ
Height covered by projectile =
2g

⎛ u 2 sin2 θ ⎞
W = − mg ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2g ⎠

−mu 2 sin2 θ
=
2
(Kinetic Energy)
4. If net force on a system is zero then
(1) Its momentum is conserved
(2) Its kinetic energy may increase
(3) The acceleration of its a constituent particle may be non-zero
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Due to internal forces kinetic energy or acceleration of its constituent particle may be non-zero.

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 75
5. Internal forces acting within a system of particles can alter
(1) The linear momentum as well as the kinetic energy of the system
(2) The linear momentum of the system, but not the kinetic energy of the system
(3) The kinetic energy of the system, but not the linear momentum of the system
(4) Neither linear momentum nor kinetic energy of the system
Sol. Answer (3)
The kinetic energy of the system, but not the linear momentum of the system as
Fext = 0. So momentum will be conserved.
(Notion of Work and Kinetic Energy : The Work-Energy Theorem)

6. A chain is on a frictionless table with one fifth of its length hanging over the edge. If the chain has length L and
mass M, the work required to be done to pull the hanging part back onto the table is

MgL MgL MgL MgL

(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 50 18 10

Sol. Answer (2)

1 L
part is hanging, so C.M. is length below the table
5 10

m L MgL
W =
5
( 8) 10 = 50

7. A bullet of mass 20 g leaves a riffle at an initial speed 100 m/s and strikes a target at the same level with
speed 50 m/s. The amount of work done by the resistance of air will be
(1) 100 J (2) 25 J (3) 75 J (4) 50 J
Sol. Answer (3)
W = ΔK

1 20 ⎡ ⎛ 50 ⎞
W = (⎣ 100)2 − ( 50)2 ⎤⎦ = (150 ) ⎜ 100 ⎟ = 75 J
2 1000 ⎝ ⎠
8. A stone with weight w is thrown vertically upward into the air from ground level with initial speed v0. If a constant
force f due to air drag acts on the stone throughout its flight. The maximum height attained by the stone is

v 02 v 02 v 02 v 02
(1) h = (2) h = (3) h = (4) h =
⎛ f ⎞ ⎛ f ⎞ ⎛ w⎞ ⎛ w⎞
2g ⎜1 + ⎟ 2g ⎜1 − ⎟ 2g ⎜1 + ⎟ 2g ⎜1 − ⎟
⎝ w ⎠ ⎝ w ⎠ ⎝ f ⎠ ⎝ f ⎠

Sol. Answer (1)

Using work energy theorem, Wf + Wg = ΔK
1
−f .h − Wh = 0 − m v 02
2
v 02
h=
⎛ f ⎞
2g ⎜ 1 + ⎟
⎝ w⎠
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76 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

9. Figure shows the variation of a force F acting on a particle along x-axis. If the particle begins at rest at
x = 0, what is the particle’s coordinate when it again has zero speed?
F (N)

20
10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x (m)
–10
–20

(1) x = 3 (2) x = 6 (3) x = 5 (4) x = 7

Sol. Answer (2)
Using work energy thorem
WF = ΔK

∫ Fdx = ΔK
Given that ΔK = 0

⇒ ∫ Fdx = 0 (Area under F – x curve)

Positive area = Negative area

So at x = 6 Total area = 0

10. A spring of force constant K is first stretched by distance a from its natural length and then further by distance b.
The work done in stretching the part b is

1 1 1 1
(1) Ka(a − b ) (2) Ka(a + b ) (3) Kb(a − b ) (4) Kb (2a + b )
2 2 2 2

Sol. Answer (4)

1 2 1 2
W1 = kx = ka
2 2

1
k (a + b)
2
W2 =
2

1
ΔW = W2 − W1 = kb ( 2a + b )
2
11. A knife of mass m is at a height x from a large wooden block. The knife is allowed to fall freely, strikes the block and
comes to rest after penetrating distance y. The work done by the wooden block to stop the knife is
(1) mgx (2) – mgy (3) – mg (x + y) (4) mg (x – y)
Sol. Answer (3)
Wall = ΔK
Wg + Wblock = 0
+mg (x + y) + Wblock = 0
Wblock = –mg (x + y)
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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 77
12. A man is running on horizontal road has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half of his mass. When man speeds
up by 1 m/s, then his KE becomes equal to KE of the boy, the original speed of the man is

(1) 2 m/s (2) ( )

2 – 1 m/s (3) 2 m/s (4) ( )
2 + 1 m/s

Sol. Answer (4)

According to problem
KB = 2 Km

1 ⎛1 2⎞
mBv B2 = 2 ⎜ mmv m ⎟⎠
2 ⎝2

1 ⎛1 2⎞
m v 2 = 2 ⎜ mm (v m + 1) ⎟
2 B B ⎝2 ⎠

Solving

v m = 2 + 1 m/s

13. A particle of mass m starts moving from origin along x-axis and its velocity varies with position (x) as v = k x .
The work done by force acting on it during first "t " seconds is

mk 4 t 2 mk 2t mk 4 t 2 mk 2t 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 8 4
Sol. Answer (3)

v=k x
Square both sides
v2 = k2 x …(1)
v2 = (0)2 + 2ax …(2)
Compare (1) and (2)
2a = k2

k2
a=
2

1 2
Displacement x = at
2
1 k2 2
= t
2 2
W = Fx
= ma x

mk 2 1 k 2 2
= . t
2 2 2

mk 4 t 2
=
8

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78 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

14. The kinetic energy K of a particle moving along x-axis varies with its position (x) as shown in figure
K (J)
20

10

O x (m)
2 4 6 8 10
The magnitude of force acting on particle at x = 9 m is
(1) Zero (2) 5 N (3) 20 N (4) 7.5 N
Sol. Answer (2)
Slope of K–x curve is F
Fdx = dK

dK
F=
dx

at x = 9 m, Slope of the curve is 5

Hence F = 5 N

15. The rate of doing work by force acting on a particle moving along x-axis depends on position x of particle and
is equal to 2x. The velocity of particle is given by expression
1/3 1/3 1/2 1/2
⎡ 3x 2 ⎤ ⎡ 3x2 ⎤ ⎛ 2mx ⎞ ⎡ mx 2 ⎤
(1) ⎢ ⎥ (2) ⎢ ⎥ (3) ⎜ ⎟ (4) ⎢ ⎥ .
⎢⎣ m ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 2m ⎦⎥ ⎝ 9 ⎠ ⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦

Sol. Answer (1)

F .dx
P=
dt

⎛ vdv ⎞
= m⎜ v = 2x
⎝ dx ⎟⎠

m∫ v 2dv = ∫ 2xdx

mv 3
= x2
3

1
⎛ 3x 2 ⎞ 3
v=⎜ ⎟
⎝ m ⎠
(The Concept of Potential Energy)

16. If F = 2x2 – 3x – 2, then select the correct statement

1
(1) x = – is the position of stable equilibrium (2) x = 2 is the position of stable equilibrium
2
1
(3) x = – is the position of unstable equilibrium (4) x = 2 is the position of neutral equilibrium
2

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 79
Sol. Answer (1)
F = 2x2 – 3x – 2
Putting F = 0
2x2 – 3x – 2 = 0
2x2 – 4x + x – 2 = 0
2x (x – 2) + (x – 2) = 0
(x – 2) (2x + 1) = 0

−1
⇒ x = 2, x =
2

d 2v −dF
2
= = − ( 4 x − 3)
dx dx

−1
at x =
2

d 2v
>0 ⇒ Stable equilibrium
dx 2

17. When a conservative force does positive work on a body, then the
(1) Potential energy of body increases (2) Potential energy of body decreases
(3) Total mechanical energy of body increases (4) Total mechanical energy of body decreases
Sol. Answer (2)

−dU
F=
dx

∫ dU = −∫ Fdr
⇒ U will decrease

18. The variation of force F acting on a body moving along x-axis varies with its position (x) as shown in figure

x
P O Q

The body is in stable equilibrium state at

(1) P (2) Q (3) R (4) Both P & Q
Sol. Answer (2)

−dU dF −d 2U
F= ⇒ =
dx dx dx 2

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80 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

dF d 2U
If <0 ⇒ > 0 Point of minima and stable equilibrium
dx dx 2

dF
at Q < 0 (Slope of F – x curve)
dx
So Q is point of stable equilibrium

a b
19. A particle located in one dimensional potential field has potential energy function U ( x ) = 2
− , where a
x x3
and b are positive constants. The position of equilibrium corresponds to x =

3a 2b 2a 3b
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2b 3a 3b 2a

Sol. Answer (4)

a b
U= −
x2 x3

−dU
F= = 0 at equilibrium
dx

dU −2a 3b
= 3 + 4 =0
dx x x

3b
x=
2a

(The Conservation of Mechanical Energy)

20. A block of mass 2 kg is released from the top of an inclined smooth surface as shown in figure. If spring
constant of spring is 100 N/m and block comes to rest after compressing the spring by
1 m, then the distance travelled by block before it comes to rest is
2 kg

45°

(1) 1 m (2) 1.25 m (3) 2.5 m (4) 5 m

Sol. Answer (4)
Ui + ki = Uf + kf h

1 H
(mgh sin 45°) + 0 = k(1)2 + 0
2

by solving h = 5 m 45°

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 81
21. In the figure shown, a particle is released from the position A on a smooth track. When the particle reaches at B, then
normal reaction on it by the track is
A
B

3h h

2 m 2g
(1) mg (2) 2mg (3) mg (4)
3 h
Sol. Answer (1)
Using Mechanical energy conservation

1
mg ( 3h ) = mg ( 2h ) + mv 2
2

1
mgh = mv 2
2

v 2 = 2gh

mv 2 m ( 2gh )
mg + N = =
h h
N = mg
22. A particle is moving along a vertical circle of radius R. At P, what will be the velocity of particle (assume critical
condition at C)?
C
P
60°
D B
R
A

3
(1) gR (2) 2gR (3) 3gR (4) gR
2
Sol. Answer (2)
At critical condition at C

v = gR
Using mechanical energy conservation between points P and C (taking P.E. = 0 at P)
Ui + ki = Uf + kf

1 1
( )
2
0+ mv 2 = mgR (1 − cos 60°) + m gR
2 2

1 mgR mgR
mv 2 = +
2 2 2

v = 2gR

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82 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

23. A particle of mass m attached to the end of string of length l is released from the horizontal position. The
particle rotates in a circle about O as shown. When it is vertically below O, the string makes contact with a
nail N placed directly below O at a distance h and rotates around it. For the particle to swing completely around
the nail in a circle,

m O

3 3 2 2
(1) h < l (2) h ≥ l (3) h < l (4) h ≥ l
5 5 5 5
Sol. Answer (2)
Using mechanical energy conservation
1
( )
2
mgl = m 5g ( l − h )
2

5g ( l − h )
gl =
2
2gl = 5gl – 5gh
3l
h=
5

⎛ x3 x2 ⎞
24. The PE of a 2 kg particle, free to move along x-axis is given by V ( x ) = ⎜ − ⎟ J . The total mechanical
⎜ 3 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
energy of the particle is 4 J. Maximum speed (in ms–1 ) is

1 3 5
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4)
2 2 6
Sol. Answer (4)

x3 x2
U ( x) = − …(1)
3 2

−dU 3 x 2 2 x
F= = − =0
dx 3 2
x2 – x = 0
⇒ x = 1, 0
Potential energy is minimum at x = 1 m and the value of this minimum P.E. will be
−1
U= J (Putting x = 1 in (1))
6

Now, E = U + K
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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 83

Kinetic energy will be maximum, when potential energy will be minimum

−1
4= +K
6

25
K=
6

1 2 25
mv m =
2 6

5
vm =
6
(Power)

25. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius r under the action of a force F. If at an instant velocity of particle
is v, and speed of particle is increasing, then
   
(1) F .v = 0 (2) F .v > 0 (3) F .v < 0 (4) F .v ≥ 0

Sol. Answer (2)

Net force will be in the direction of net acceleration.
v θ
Here accelerations are of two types
F
(i) Centripetal (ii) Tangential
θ < 90° always
 
⇒ F .v > 0

26. The force required to row a boat at constant velocity is proportional to square of its speed. If a speed of v
km/h requires 4 kW, how much power does a speed of 2v km/h require?

(1) 8 kW (2) 16 kW (3) 24 kW (4) 32 kW

Sol. Answer (4)

F ∝ v2
P = F. v, So P ∝ v3

P1 4 v3
= = 3
P2 P2 8v

⇒ P2 = 32 kW

27. A body of mass m is projected from ground with speed u at an angle θ with horizontal. The power delivered
by gravity to it at half of maximum height from ground is

mgu cos θ mgu sin θ mgu cos(90 + θ)

(1) (2) (3) (4) Both (2) & (3)
2 2 2

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84 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (4)

vy

A α B
Hmax
2 θ

mg

u 2 sin2 θ
Hmax =
2g

2gu 2 sin2 θ
v y2 = ( u sin θ ) −
2
4g

u sin θ
vy =
2

   ⎛ u sin θ ⎞ − mgu sin θ

At point A, P = F . V = ( mg ) ⎜ ⎟ cos π =
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2

 +umg sin θ
At point B, P =
2

28. A particle of mass m moves in a circular path of radius r, under the action of force which delivers it constant
power p and increases its speed. The angular acceleration of particle at time (t) is proportional

1
(1)
t
(2) t

(3) t 0 (4) t3/2

Sol. Answer (1)

Work = Pt

Using W = ΔK

1
m ( rw )
2
Pt =
2

1 2 2
Pt = mr w
2

1 ⎛ w⎞
Pt = mr 2 α 2t 2 ⎜⎝∵ α = ⎟⎠
2 t

2 1 1
So α ∝ ⇒α ∝
t t

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 85
(Collision)

29. A shell at rest on a smooth horizontal surface explodes into two fragments of masses m1 and m2. If just after
explosion m1 move with speed u, then work done by internal forces during explosion is

1 m 1 1 ⎛ m1 ⎞ 1
(1) ( m1 + m2 ) 2 u 2 (2) ( m1 + m2 ) u 2 (3) m u2 ⎜⎝ 1 + m ⎟⎠ (4) ( m2 − m1 ) u 2
2 m1 2 2 1 2 2

Sol. Answer (3)

Using momentum conservation, m1u = m2v

P12 P 22
Now using work energy theorem, W = +
2m1 2m2

m12u 2 ⎛ m1 + m2 ⎞
W =
2 ⎜⎝ m1m2 ⎟⎠

30. A small ball of mass m moving with speed v (< 2gL ) undergoes an elastic head on collision with a stationary
bob of identical mass of a simple pendulum of length L. The maximum height h, from the equilibrium position,
to which the bob rises after collision is

L
m
v m

v2 v2 v2 3v 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2g 4g 8g 8g

Sol. Answer (1)

1 v2
mv 2 = mgh ⇒ h =
2 2g

31. Two balls of masses m each are moving at right angle to each other with velocities 6 m/s and 8 m/s respectively.
If collision between them is perfectly inelastic, the velocity of combined mass is
(1) 15 m/s (2) 10 m/s (3) 5 m/s (4) 2.5 m/s
Sol. Answer (3)
Using momentum conservation

6m

8m

m 62 + 82 = 2mv 1
v1 = 5 m/s

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86 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

32. A sphere of mass m moving with a constant velocity u hits another stationary sphere of the same mass. If e
is the coefficient of restitution, then ratio of velocities of the two spheres after collision will be

2 2
1− e 2+e ⎛ 1+ e ⎞ ⎛ 1− e ⎞
(1) (2) (3) ⎜ ⎟ (4) ⎜ ⎟
1+ e 2−e ⎝ 1− e ⎠ ⎝ 1+ e ⎠

Sol. Answer (1)

u
v1 =
2
(1 + e )

u
v2 = (1 − e )
2

v2 1 − e
=
v1 1 + e

33. A neutron travelling with a velocity collides elastically, head on, with a nucleus of an atom of mass number A
at rest. The fraction of total energy retained by neutron is

2 2 2 2
A − 1⎞ ⎛ A + 1⎞ ⎛ A − 1⎞ ⎛ A + 1⎞
(1) ⎛⎜ ⎟ (2) ⎜ ⎟ (3) ⎜ ⎟ (4) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ A + 1⎠ ⎝ A − 1⎠ ⎝ A ⎠ ⎝ A ⎠
Sol. Answer (1)

v1 v2
v
1 A 1 A

⎛ m − m2 ⎞ ⎛ A − 1⎞
v1 = ⎜ 1 u =v⎜
⎝ m1 + m2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ A + 1⎟⎠

1
Initial energy = (1) v 2
2
2
1 1 ⎛ A − 1⎞
Final energy = (1) v1 = (1) ⎜
2
⎟
2 2 ⎝ A + 1⎠

Final energy
Fraction of total energy retained =
Initial energy

34. In the figure shown, a small ball hits obliquely a smooth and horizontal surface with speed u whose x and y
1
components are indicated. If the coefficient of restitution is , then its x and y components vx and vy just
2
after collision are respectively

2 m/s v v
y
y
4 m/s u x
vx

e = 12

(1) 4 m/s, 1 m/s (2) 2 m/s, 1 m/s (3) 2 m/s, 2 m/s (4) 4 m/s, 2 m/s

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 87
Sol. Answer (3)

1
vy = euy = × 4 = 2 m/s
2
vx = ux = 2 m/s

35. Velocity of the ball A after collision with the ball B as shown in the figure is (Assume perfectly inelastic and head-
on collision)

A 5 m/s 2 m/s B

2 kg 5 kg

3 5 1
(1) m/s (2) m/s (3) m/s (4) Zero
7 7 7

Sol. Answer (4)

Using momentum conservation
10 – 10 = 2 mv1
⇒ v1 = 0
36. An object of mass M1 moving horizontally with speed u collides elastically with another object of mass M2
at rest. Select correct statement.

S
M1
u

M2
P Q
C

(1) The momentum of system is conserved only in direction PQ

(2) Momentum of M1 is conserved in direction perpendicular to SR
(3) Momentum of M2 will change in direction normal to CR
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)

( )
Momentum P of mass M1 is conserved in direction ⊥ to SR

37. A ball of mass m moving with speed u collides with a smooth horizontal surface at angle θ with it as shown
in figure. The magnitude of impulse imparted to surface by ball is [Coefficient of restitution of collision is e]

(1) mu(1 + e)cosθ (2) mu(1 – e)sinθ (3) mu(1– e)cosθ (4) mu(1 + e)sinθ

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88 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (4)

u y = −u sin θˆj

v y = + eu sin θˆj
  
(
I = m v y − uy )
= mu(e +1) sinθ

38. A body of mass m falls from height h on ground. If e be the coefficient of restitution of collision between the
body and ground, then the distance travelled by body before it comes to rest is

⎪⎧1 + e ⎪⎫
2
⎧⎪ 1 − e2 ⎫⎪ 2eh 2eh
(1) h ⎨ 2⎬ (2) h ⎨ 2⎬
(3) (4)
⎪⎩ 1 − e ⎪⎭ ⎩⎪1 + e ⎭⎪ 1 + e2 1 − e2

Sol. Answer (1)

S = h + 2e2h + 2e4h + ....
S = h + 2h [e2 + e4 + e6 + ....]

⎡ e2 ⎤
S = h + 2h ⎢ 2⎥
⎣1 − e ⎦

Solving

S=
(
h 1 + e2 )
(1 − e )
2

39. A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M. If the block rises
to height h, then the initial velocity v of the bullet must have been

M +m m M +m
(1) 2gh (2) 2gh (3) 2gh (4) 2gh
m M +m M

Sol. Answer (2)

Using momentum conservation
mu + 0 = (M + m) v1

mu
v1 =
M+m

Now block reaches to height h, using energy conservation.

v 1 = 2gh

M+m
So in (1) u= 2gh
m

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 89

SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. A body initially at rest and sliding along a frictionless track from a height h (as shown in the figure) just
completes a vertical circle of diameter AB = D. The height h is equal to [NEET-2018]

h B

3 5 7
(1) D (2) D (3) D (4) D
2 4 5

Sol. Answer (3)

h
B

vL
A
As track is frictionless, so total mechanical energy will remain constant
T.M.EI =T.M.EF

1
0 + mgh = mv L 2 + 0
2

v L2
h=
2g

For completing the vertical circle, v L ≥ 5gR

5gR 5 5
h= = R= D
2g 2 4
2. A moving block having mass m, collides with another stationary block having mass 4m. The lighter block comes
to rest after collision. When the initial velocity of the lighter block is v, then the value of coefficient of restitution
(e) will be [NEET-2018]
(1) 0.5 (2) 0.25 (3) 0.4 (4) 0.8
Sol. Answer (2)
According to law of conservation of linear momentum,
mv + 4m × 0 = 4mv ′ + 0
v
v′ =
4
v
Relative velocity of separation 4
e= =
Relative velocity of approach v
1
e= = 0.25
4

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90 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

3. Consider a drop of rain water having mass 1 g falling from a height of 1 km. It hits the ground with a speed
of 50 m/s. Take g constant with a value 10 m/s2. The work done by the (i) gravitational force and the (ii)
resistive force of air is [NEET-2017]
(1) (i) – 10 J (ii) –8.25 J
(2) (i) 1.25 J (ii) –8.25 J
(3) (i) 100 J (ii) 8.75 J
(4) (i) 10 J (ii) –8.75 J
Sol. Answer (4)
wg + wa = Kf – Ki

1
mgh + wa = mv 2 − 0
2

1
10–3 × 10 × 103 + wa = × 10 −3 × (50)2
2
wa = –8.75 J
i.e. work done due to air resistance and work done due to gravity = 10 J
4. A spring of force constant k is cut into lengths of ratio 1 : 2 : 3. They are connected in series and the new force
constant is k′. Then they are connected in parallel and force constant is k′′. Then k′ : k′′ is [NEET-2017]

(1) 1 : 6 (2) 1 : 9

(3) 1 : 11 (4) 1 : 14

Sol. Answer (3)

1
Spring constant ∝
length

1
k∝
l
i.e, k1 = 6k

k2 = 3k

k3 = 2k

1 1 1 1
In series, = + +
k ' 6k 3k 2k

1 6
=
k ' 6k

k' = k

k'' = 6k + 3k + 2k

k'' = 11k

k' 1
= i.e k ' : k '' = 1: 11
k '' 11

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 91
5. Two blocks A and B of masses 3m and m respectively are connected by a massless and inextensible string.
The whole system is suspended by a massless spring as shown in figure. The magnitudes of acceleration of
A and B immediately after the string is cut, are respectively [NEET-2017]

A 3m

B m
g g g g
(1) g, (2) ,g (3) g, g (4) ,
3 3 3 3
Sol. Answer (2)
kx

3m

3mg
Before the string is cut
kx = T + 3mg ...(1)
T = mg ...(2)
T
kx
m

mg 3m
⇒ kx = 4mg

After the string is cut, T = 0 3mg

kx − 3mg
a=
3m
m
4mg − 3mg
a= ↓a=g
3m
mg
g
a= ↑
3
6. A particle moves from a point ( −2iˆ + 5 jˆ) to (4 jˆ + 3kˆ ) when a force of (4iˆ + 3 jˆ) N is applied. How much work
has been done by the force? [NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
(1) 8 J (2) 11 J (3) 5 J (4) 2 J
Sol. Answer (3)
  
s = r2 − r1 = (4 ˆj + 3kˆ ) − ( −2iˆ + 5 jˆ) = 2iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ

F = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj
 
W = F ⋅s = 8 − 3 = 5 J
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92 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

7. A bullet of mass 10 g moving horizontally with a velocity of 400 ms–1 strikes a wood block of mass 2 kg which
is suspended by light inextensible string of length 5 m. As a result, the centre of gravity of the block found
to rise a vertical distance of 10 cm. The speed of the bullet after it emerges out horizontally from the block
will be [NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
(1) 100 ms–1 (2) 80 ms–1
(3) 120 ms–1 (4) 160 ms–1
Sol. Answer (3)
Apply conservation of linear momentum.

CM rises through height h, so its velocity after collision = 2gh

0.01 × 400 = 2 × 2gh + 0.01 × v ⇒ v = 120 m/s

8. Two identical balls A and B having velocities of 0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s respectively collide elastically in one
dimension. The velocities of B and A after the collision respectively will be [NEET (Phase-2) 2016]
(1) –0.5 m/s and 0.3 m/s (2) 0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s
(3) –0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s (4) 0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s
Sol. Answer (2)
They will exchange their velocity, so vB = 0.5 m/s and vA = –0.3 m/s
9. What is the minimum velocity with which a body of mass m must enter a vertical loop of radius R so that it
can complete the loop? [NEET-2016]

(1) 5gR (2) gR (3) 2gR (4) 3gR

Sol. Answer (1)
v min = 5 gR

10. A body of mass 1 kg begins to move under the action of a time dependent force F = (2tiˆ + 3t 2 jˆ)N , where iˆ

and ĵ are unit vectors along x and y axis. What power will be developed by the force at the time t?

[NEET-2016]
(1) (2t3 + 3t5) W (2) (2t2 + 3t2) W

(3) (2t2 + 4t4) W (4) (2t3 + 3t4) W

Sol. Answer (1)

 
( )
F = 2tiˆ + 3t 2 ˆj , a = 2tiˆ + 3t 2 ˆj

v = ∫ adt = t 2iˆ + t 3 ˆj
0

 
P = F ⋅ v = 2t ⋅ t 2 + 3t 2 ⋅ t 3 = 2t 3 + 3t 5
  ωt ωt ˆ
11. If vectors A = cos ωt iˆ + sin ωt ˆj and B = cos iˆ + sin j are functions of time, then the value of t at which
2 2
they are orthogonal to each other is [Re-AIPMT-2015]
π π π
(1) t = 0 (2) t = (3) t = (4) t =
4ω 2ω ω

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 93
Sol. Answer (4)

A = cos ωt iˆ + sin ωt jˆ
 ωt ωt ˆ
B = cos iˆ + sin j
2 2
   
For A and B orthogonal, A.B = 0

⎛ ωt ωt ⎞
(cos ωt iˆ + sin ωt jˆ). ⎜ cos iˆ + sin jˆ ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
ωt ωt
cos ωt .cos + sin ωt .sin =0
2 2
⎛ ωt ⎞
cos ⎜ ωt − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠
ωt
cos =0
2
ωt π
= ⇒ ωt = π
2 2
π
t=
ω
2
12. A ball is thrown vertically downwards from a height of 20 m with an initial velocity v 0 . It collides with the
ground, loses 50 percent of its energy in collision and rebounds to the same height. The initial velocity v0 is
(Take g = 10 ms–2) [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) 10 ms–1 (2) 14 ms–1 (3) 20 ms–1 (4) 28 ms–1
Sol. Answer (3)

⎡1 ⎤ 50
mg (20) = ⎢ mv 02 + mg (20)⎥ ⇒ v 02 = 400 ⇒ v 0 = 20 m/s
⎣2 ⎦ 100
13. On a frictionless surface, a block of mass M moving at speed v collides elastically with another block of same
mass M which is initially at rest. After collision the first block moves at an angle θ to its initial direction and
v
has a speed . The second blocks speed after the collision is [Re-AIPMT-2015]
3

3 2 2 3 3
(1) v (2) v (3) v (4) v
2 3 4 2
Sol. Answer (2)
v
3
M

M M
θ
v 90 – θ
Rest

M
v′
2
1 1 ⎛v ⎞ 1
Mv 2 = M ⎜ ⎟ + Mv ′2
2 2 ⎝3⎠ 2

2 2
v′ = v
3

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94 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

14. The heart of a man pumps 5 litres of blood through the arteries per minute at a pressure of
150 mm of mercury. If the density of mercury be 13.6 × 103 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2 then the power of heart
in watt is [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) 1.50 (2) 1.70
(3) 2.35 (4) 3.0
Sol. Answer (2)
dV 5 × 10 –3
= ( hρg )
dV 3
w= P = 0.15 m × 13.6 × 10 × 10 × W = 1.70 W
dt dt 60
15. Two particles of masses m1, m2 move with initial velocities u1 and u2. On collision, one of the particles
get excited to higher level, after absorbing energy ε. If final velocities of particles be v1 and v2 then we must
have [AIPMT-2015]
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1
(1) m1 u1 + m2 u2 + ε = m12v12 + m22v 22 (2) m12u 1 + m22u2 − ε = m12v1 + m22v 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(3) m1u12 + m2u22 = m1v12 + m2v 22 − ε (4) m1u12 + m2u22 − ε = m1v12 + m2v 22
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
16. Two similar springs P and Q have spring constants KP and KQ such that KP > KQ. They stretched first by
the same amount (case a), then by the same force (case b). The work done by the springs WP and WQ are
related as in case (a) and case (b), respectively [AIPMT-2015]
(1) WP < WQ ; WQ < WP (2) WP = WQ ; WP > WQ
(3) WP = WQ ; WP = WQ (4) WP > WQ ; WQ > WP
Sol. Answer (4)
17. A particle of mass m is driven by a machine that delivers a constant power k watts. If the particle starts from
rest+ the force on the particle at time t is [AIPMT-2015]

1 −1
mk −21 −1 −1
(1) mk t 2 (2) t (3) mk t 2 (4) 2mk t 2
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
18. A block of mass 10 kg moving in x direction with a constant speed of 10 ms–1, is subjected to a retarding force
F = 0.1x J/m during its travel from x = 20 m to 30 m. Its final KE will be [AIPMT-2015]
(1) 250 J (2) 475 J (3) 450 J (4) 275 J
Sol. Answer (2)
19. A body of mass (4m) is lying in x-y plane at rest. It suddenly explodes into three pieces. Two pieces, each of
mass (m) move perpendicular to each other with equal speeds (v). The total kinetic energy generated due to
explosion is [AIPMT-2014]
3
(1) mv 2 (2) mv 2 (3) 2mv 2 (4) 4mv 2
2
Sol. Answer (2)
Momentum of the system will remain conserved
0 = mv 2 − 2mv ′
v
v′ =
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 ⎛ v ⎞ 3 2
Total K.E. = mv + mv + (2m ) ⎜ ⎟ = mv
2 2 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 95

20. A uniform force of (3iˆ + ˆj ) newton acts on a particle of mass 2 kg. Hence the particle is displaced from position
(2iˆ + kˆ ) metre to position (4iˆ + 3 jˆ – kˆ ) metre. The work done by the force on the particle is [NEET-2013]
(1) 6 J (2) 13 J
(3) 15 J (4) 9 J
Sol. Answer (4)

( )( )
W = 3iˆ + ˆj . 2i + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ = 6 + 3 = 9 J

B A
21. The potential energy of a particle in a force field is U = −
, where A and B are positive constants and r is
2
r r
the distance of particle from the centre of the field. For stable equilibrium, the distance of the particle is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

A B B 2A
(1) (2) (3) (4)
B A 2A B
Sol. Answer (4)

A B
U= 2
−
r r

−dU
F= =0
dr
−2 A B
= 3
+ =0
r r2

2A
r =
B
22. Two spheres A and B of masses m1 and m2 respectively collide. A is at rest initially and B is moving with
v
velocity v along x-axis. After collision B has a velocity in a direction perpendicular to the original direction.
2
The mass A moves after collision in the direction [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
(1) θ = tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ to the x-axis (2) θ = tan–1 ⎜ − ⎟ to the y-axis
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
(3) Same as that of B (4) Opposite to that of B
Sol. Answer (1)

v m v
2
B v A 2
m2 m1 B A
Before collision After collision
v 
Using momentum conservation, m2viˆ + 0 = −m2 ˆj + m1v
2

 v
m1v = m2viˆ + m2 jˆ
2
⎛ v ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
θ = tan−1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan−1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2v ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
angle is from x-axis.

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96 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

23. A stone is dropped from a height h. It hits the ground with a certain momentum P. If the same stone is dropped
from a height 100% more than the previous height, the momentum when it hits the ground will change by
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) 68% (2) 41% (3) 200% (4) 100%
Sol. Answer (2)
24. A car of mass m starts from rest and accelerates so that the instantaneous power delivered to the car has a
constant magnitude P0. The instantaneous velocity of this car is proportional to [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

1
(1) t2P0 (2) t1/2 (3) t –1/2 (4)
m
Sol. Answer (2)
1
W = Pt = mv 2
2
1
v2 ∝ t ⇒ v ∝ t 2
25. The potential energy of a system increases if work is done [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Upon the system by a conservative force
(2) Upon the system by a nonconservative force
(3) By the system against a conservative force
(4) By the system against a non conservative force
Sol. Answer (3)
 
dU = − ∫ Fc .dx , where Fc is conservative force.

26. Force F on a particle moving in a straight line varies with distance d as shown in the figure. The work done on
the particle during its displacement of 12 m is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

F (N)

d (m)
0 3 7 12

(1) 13 J (2) 18 J (3) 21 J (4) 26 J

Sol. Answer (1)

1
Work done will be area under F-x curve, W = × 5 ( 2) + 4 × 2 = 13 J
2

27. A body projected vertically form the earth reaches a height equal to earth's radius before returning to the earth.
The power exerted by the gravitational force is greatest [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) At the instant just after the body is projected (2) At the highest position of the body
(3) At the instant just before the body hits the earth (4) It remains constant all through
Sol. Answer (3)
At the instant of projection velocity will be maximum and will be same just before the body hits the earth. But
initially power will be negative, whereas the time of hitting it will be positive.
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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 97
28. An engine pumps water through a hose pipe. Water passes through the pipe and leaves it with a velocity of 2
m/s. The mass per unit length of water in the pipe is 100 kg/m. What is the power of the engine?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
(1) 800 W (2) 400 W
(3) 200 W (4) 100 W
Sol. Answer (1)

dm
= ( 2) (100 × 2) = 800 W
2
P = FV = v 2
dt
29. A particle of mass M starting from rest undergoes uniform acceleration. If the speed acquired in time T is V, the
power delivered to the particle is [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]

MV 2 1 MV 2 MV 2 1 MV 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
T 2 T2 T2 2 T
Sol. Answer (4)

1
W = mv 2
2

W 1 mv 2
=
T 2 T

mv 2
P=
2T
30. An engine pumps water continuously through a hose. Water leaves the hose with a velocity v and m is the mass
per unit length of the water jet. What is the rate at which kinetic energy is imparted water?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

1 1 2 2
(1) mv2 (2) mv2 (3) mv (4) mv3
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)

dP vdM
F= =
dt dt

dM
F .v = v 2
dt

⎛ dx ⎞
= v 2ρA ⎜ ⎟ (M = ρAx)
⎝ dt ⎠

= v 3ρA

⎧ dW dK ⎫
v 3ρA ( l ) dK ⎪∵ = ⎪
= = mv 3 = ⎨ dt dt ⎬ (m : mass per unit length)
l dt ⎪
⎩ = P ⎪⎭

31. A body of mass 1 kg is thrown upwards with a velocity 20 m/s. It momentarily comes to rest after attaining a
height of 18 m. How much energy is lost due to air friction? (g = 10 m/s2) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) 30 J (2) 40 J
(3) 10 J (4) 20 J

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98 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (4)

Wall = Δk

1
Wf + Wg = (1)( 20)2
2
Wf + mg(18) = 200
Wf = 200 – 180 = 20 J

32. A block of mass M is attached to the lower end of a vertical spring. The spring is hung from a ceiling and has force
constant value k. The mass is released from rest with the spring initially unstretched. The maximum extension
produced in the length of the spirng will be: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

2Mg 4Mg Mg Mg
(1) (2) (3) (4)
k k 2k k
Sol. Answer (1)
33. Water falls from a height of 60 m at the rate of 15 kg/s to operate a turbine. The losses due to frictional forces
are 10% of energy. How much power is generated by the turbine? (g = 10 m/s2) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 7.0 kW (2) 8.1 kW
(3) 10.2 kW (4) 12.3 kW
Sol. Answer (2)

⎛ dm ⎞
Energy per unit time on the turbine = ⎜⎝ ⎟ 60 ( g ) = 15(60)(10) = 9000 J/s
dt ⎠

10
Losses per second = 9000 × = 900 J/s
100
So, net power supplied = 9000 – 900 = 8100 J/s
= 8.1 kW

34. A shell of mass 200 gm is ejected from a gun of mass 4 kg by an explosion that generates 1.05 kJ of energy.
The initial velocity of the shell is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 120 ms–1 (2) 100 ms–1
(3) 80 ms–1 (4) 40 ms–1
Sol. Answer (2)
Using momentum conservation
0 = (0.2)v + 4v1

−0.2v
v1 =
4
Total energy produced = 1.05 kJ

1 1
( 0.2) v 2 + ( 4) v12 = 1050
2 2

2
1 1 0.2v ⎞
( 0.2) v 2 + ( 4) ⎛⎜⎝ ⎟ = 1050
2 2 4 ⎠

⇒ v =100 m/s

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 99
35. A vertical spring with force constant K is fixed on a table. A ball of mass m at a height h above the free upper
end of the spring falls vertically on the spring so that the spring is compressed by a distance d. The net work
done in the process is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

1 1 2 1 1
(1) mg(h – d) + Kd2 (2) mg(h + d) + Kd (3) mg(h + d) – Kd2 (4) mg(h – d) – Kd2
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
W = Wg + Wspring

1
= mg(h + d) – Kd2
2

36. The potential energy of a long spring when stretched by 2 cm is U. If the spring is stretched by 8 cm the
potential energy stored in it is : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
U
(1) 4U (2) 8U (3) 16U (4)
4
Sol. Answer (3)

1
K ( 2) = 2K
2
U=
2

1
K ( 8 ) = 32K = 16U
2
U′ =
2

37. A body of mass 3 kg is under a constant force which causes a displacement s in metres in it, given by the
1
relation s = t2, where t is in s. Workdone by the force in 2 s is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
3

5 3 8 19
(1) J (2) J (3) J (4) J
19 8 3 5
Sol. Answer (3)
1 2 2t
S= t ⇒ v=
3 3
2
1 ⎛ 4⎞ 8
W = × 3⎜ ⎟ = J
2 ⎝ 3⎠ 3

38. 300 J of work is done in sliding a 2 kg block up an inclined plane of height 10 m. Taking g = 10 m/s2, work
done against friction is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) 200 J (2) 100 J (3) Zero (4) 1000 J
Sol. Answer (2)
300 = wf + 2 (10) (10)
wf = 100 J

39. A bomb of mass 30 kg at rest explodes into two pieces of masses 18 kg and 12 kg. The velocity of 18 kg mass
is 6 ms–1. The kinetic energy of the other mass is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) 256 J (2) 486 J (3) 524 J (4) 324 J
Sol. Answer (2)

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100 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

40. A force F acting on an object varies with distance x as shown here. The force is in N and x in m. The work
done by the force in moving the object from x = 0 to x = 6 m is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

F in (N)
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x in(m)
(1) 4.5 J (2) 13.5 J (3) 9.0 J (4) 18.0 J
Sol. Answer (2)
Work will be area under F-x curve
1
So, W = 3 ( 3) + ( 3)( 3) = 13.5 J
2

41. The angle between the two vectors A = 3iˆ + 4 jˆ + 5kˆ and B = 3iˆ + 4 jˆ − 5kˆ will be
(1) 90° (2) 180° (3) Zero (4) 45°
Sol. Answer (1)
 
a.b
cosθ =  
a b
 
( )(
A.B = 3iˆ + 4 jˆ + 5kˆ . 3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ ) = 9 + 16 – 25 = 0

⇒ A and B are perpendicular

       
42. Vectors A, B and C are such that A ⋅ B = 0 and A ⋅ C = 0 . Then the vector parallel to A is
       
(1) B and C (2) A × B (3) B + C (4) B × C
Sol. Answer (4)
Given that
   
A . B = 0, A . C = 0
   
⇒ A is perpendicular to both B and C and B × C will be a vector
    
which is perpendicular to both B and C , hence A  B × C

43. If a unit vector is represented by 0.5iˆ − 0.8 jˆ + ckˆ then the value of c is

(1) 0.01 (2) 0.11 (3) 1 (4) 0.39

Sol. Answer (2)
Magnitude of unit vector will be 1

( 0.5)2 + ( 0.8)2 + c 2 =1
0.25 + 0.64 +c2 = 1
c2 = 0.11

c = 0.11

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 101

44. If a vector 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 8kˆ is perpendicular to the vector 4 ˆj − 4iˆ + αkˆ , then the value of α is

1 1
(1) (2) − (3) 1 (4) –1
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)

a.b = 0
8 – 12 + 8α = 0

1
α=−
2

45. The work done by an applied variable force F = x + x3 from x = 0 m to x = 2 m, where x is displacement, is
(1) 6 J (2) 8 J (3) 10 J (4) 12 J
Sol. Answer (1)

F = x + x3
2
(
W = ∫ x + x 3 .dx)
0

2
⎡ x2 x4 ⎤
=⎢ + ⎥
⎢⎣ 2 4 ⎥⎦

=6J

46. When a body moves with a constant speed along a circle

(1) No work is done on it (2) No acceleration is produced in it
(3) Its velocity remains constant (4) No force acts on it
Sol. Answer (1)
Displacement is zero, hence no work is done.

47. A position dependent force, F = (7 – 2x + 3x2) N acts on a small body of mass 2 kg and displaces it from
x = 0 to x = 5 m. The work done in joules is
(1) 135 (2) 270 (3) 35 (4) 70
Sol. Answer (1)

∫ (7 − 2x + 3 x ).dx
2
W = ∫ F .dx =

5
⎡ 2x 2 3 x 3 ⎤
= ⎢7 x − + ⎥
⎣ 2 3 ⎦
0

= 135 J

( )
48. A body, constrained to move in y-direction, is subjected to a force given by F = − 2iˆ + 15 jˆ + 6kˆ N . The work
done by this force in moving the body through a distance of 10 m along positive y-axis, is
(1) 150 J (2) 20 J (3) 190 J (4) 160 J

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102 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

Sol. Answer (1)


F = −2iˆ + 15 jˆ + 6kˆ

S = 10 ˆj
 
W = F .S

( )( )
= −2i + 15 ˆj + 6kˆ . 10 ˆj

= 150 J

49. A body moves a distance of 10 m along a straight line under the action of a 5 N force. If the work done is
25 J, then angle between the force and direction of motion of the body is
(1) 60° (2) 75° (3) 30° (4) 45°
Sol. Answer (1)
Fs cosθ = 25
5(10) cosθ = 25

1
cos θ =
2

θ = 60°
50. A force acts on a 3 g particle in such a way that the position of the particle as a function of time is given
by x = 3t – 4t2 + t3, where x is in metres and t is in seconds. The work done during the first 4 second is

(1) 490 mJ (2) 450 mJ (3) 576 mJ (4) 528 mJ

Sol. Answer (4)

x = 3t – 4t2 + t3

dx
= v = 3 − 8t + 3t 2
dt

W = ΔK

1 3 ⎡ 2 2
W = × 3 − 8 ( 4) + 3 ( 4) ⎤ = 528 mJ
2 1000 ⎣ ⎦

51. Two bodies of masses m and 4m are moving with equal K.E. The ratio of their linear momenta is

(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 4 : 1 (4) 1 : 1

Sol. Answer (1)

P = 2mk

P1 m
= = 1: 2
P2 4m

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 103
52. One kilowatt hour is equal to

(1) 36 × 10–5 J (2) 36 × 105 J (3) 36 × 107 J (4) 36 × 103 J

Sol. Answer (2)

1 kW hr = 36 × 105 J

53. Two bodies with kinetic energies in the ratio of 4 : 1 are moving with equal linear momentum. The ratio of
their masses is

(1) 4 : 1 (2) 1 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4

Sol. Answer (4)

K1 P12 .2m2
= (P1 = P2 given)
K 2 2m1.P22

K1 m2 4 m 1
⇒ = = ⇒ 1 =
K 2 m1 1 m2 4

54. A 1 kg stationary bomb is exploded in three parts having masses in ratio 1 : 1 : 3 respectively. Parts having
same mass move in perpendicular direction with velocity 30 m/s, then the velocity of bigger part will be

10 15
(1) 10 2 m/s (2) m/s (3) 15 2 m/s (4) m/s
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Momentum will be conserved.

3
v
5
1
(30)
5

1
30 2
5
1
(30)
5
3 30
v= 2
5 5

55. If kinetic energy of a body is increased by 300% then percentage change in momentum will be
(1) 100% (2) 150% (3) 265% (4) 73.2%
Sol. Answer (1)

k 1
= 4k =
(P )
1 2

2m
P1 = 2P
⇒ 100% increase

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104 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

56. A stationary particle explodes into two particles of masses m1 and m2 which move in opposite directions with
E1
velocities v1 and v2. The ratio of their kinetic energies is
E2
m2 m1 m1v 2
(1) m1 (2) m (3) 1 (4) m v
2 2 1

Sol. Answer (1)

57. A particle of mass m1 is moving with a velocity v1 and another particle of mass m2 is moving with a velocity
v2. Both of them have the same momentum but their different kinetic energies are E1 and E2 respectively. If
m1 > m2, then

E1 m1
(1) E1 < E2 (2) E = m (3) E1 > E2 (4) E1 = E2
2 2

Sol. Answer (1)

1
Eα m1 > m2 ⇒ E1 < E2
m

58. A bomb of mass 30 kg at rest explodes into two pieces of masses 18 kg and 12 kg. The velocity of 18 kg
mass is 6 ms–1. The kinetic energy of the other mass is
(1) 324 J (2) 486 J (3) 256 J (4) 524 J
Sol. Answer (2)
Using momentum conservation
0 = 18(6) + 12 (v)

−18 ( 6)
v= = −9 m/s
12

1
12)( 9) = 486 J
2
K .E. =
2
(

59. A ball whose kinetic energy is E is thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal. Its K.E. at the highest point
of its flight will be

E E
(1) (2) Zero (3) E (4)
2 2

Sol. Answer (4)

1 u
E= mu 2
2 2
u
2
1 ⎛ u ⎞ 45°
E1 = m
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

E
=
2

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 105
60. A body dropped from a height h with initial velocity zero, strikes the ground with a velocity 3 m/s. Another
body of same mass is thrown from the same height h with an initial velocity of 4 m/s. Find the final velocity
of second mass, with which it strikes the ground.

(1) 5 m/s (2) 12 m/s (3) 3 m/s (4) 4 m/s

Sol. Answer (1)

v2 9
v = 2gh h= =
20 20

Now for second case

v2 = u2 + 2(–g) (–h)

9
= 16 + 20 ×
20

= 25

v = 5 m/s

61. A particle with total energy E is moving in a potential energy region U(x). Motion of the particle is restricted
to the region when

(1) U(x) > E (2) U(x) < E (3) U(x) = 0 (4) U( x ) ≤ E

Sol. Answer (4)

Particle will be restricted to the region till when K.E. > 0

Using mechanical energy conservation

E=k+U

E–U=k≥0

E≥U

62. The kinetic energy acquired by a mass m in travelling distance d, starting from rest, under the action of a
constant force is directly proportional to
(1) m (2) m0 (3) m (4) 1/ m
Sol. Answer (2)
v2 = u2 + 2as
F
u = 0, a =
m
2F
v2 = d
m

1 1 2F
K .E. = mv 2 = .m d = Fd
2 2 m

So K.E. ∝ m0

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106 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

63. A simple pendulum with a bob of mass m oscillates from A to C and back to A such that PB is H. If the
acceleration due to gravity is g, then the velocity of the bob as it passes through B is

P
A C
H
B
(1) mgH (2) 2gH (3) Zero (4) 2gH

Sol. Answer (2)

Using energy conservation

1
mv 2 = mgH
2

v = 2gH

64. A car moving with a speed of 40 km/h can be stopped by applying brakes after at least 2 m. If the same
car is moving with a speed of 80 km/h, what is the minimum stopping distance?
(1) 4 m (2) 6 m (3) 8 m (4) 2 m
Sol. Answer (3)
v2 = u2 – 2as
0 = 1600 – 2a (2)

2
1600 ⎛ 5 ⎞
a= ⎜ ⎟ …(1)
4 ⎝ 18 ⎠

Again using v2 = u2 – 2as

Using a from (1)
S = 8m
65. A child is sitting on a swing. Its minimum and maximum heights from the ground are 0.75 m and 2 m
respectively, its maximum speed will be
(1) 10 m/s (2) 5 m/s
(3) 8 m/s (4) 15 m/s
Sol. Answer (2)
Using energy conservation at A and B
Ui + ki = Uf + kf
B
1 A
0 + mv 2 = mg ( 2 − 0.75) + 0
2 2m 0.75 m
v2 = 2g (1.25)
v2 = 25 ⇒ v = 5 m/s

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 107
66. When a long spring is stretched by 2 cm, its potential energy is U. If the spring is stretched by 10 cm, the
potential energy stored in it will

U
(1) (2) 5U (3) 10U (4) 25U
5

Sol. Answer (4)

1 2
U= kx
2
1 U
U= k ( 4) ⇒ k =
2 2
1 1 U
k (10 ) = . . 100 = 25 U
2
U′ =
2 2 2
67. A ball of mass 2 kg and another of mass 4 kg are dropped together from a 60 feet tall building. After a fall
of 30 feet each towards earth, their respective kinetic energies will be in the ratio of

(1) 2 :1 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 2

Sol. Answer (3)

v1 2gh
= ⇒ v1 = v 2
v2 2gh

1
K .E1 m1v12
2 2 1
= = =
K .E2 1 2 4 2
mv
2 2 2
68. A mass of 0.5 kg moving with a speed of 1.5 m/s on a horizontal smooth surface, collides with a nearly
weightless spring of force constant k = 50 N/m. The maximum compression of the spring would be

(1) 0.15 m (2) 0.12 m (3) 1.5 m (4) 0.5 m

Sol. Answer (1)
Ui + ki = Uf + kf

1 1
0+ ( 0.5)(1.5)2 = ( 50) x 2 + 0
2 2
x = 0.15 m
69. One coolie takes 1 minute to raise a suitcase through a height of 2 m but the second coolie takes 30 s to
raise the same suitcase to the same height. The powers of two coolies are in the ratio
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 3 (3) 2 : 1 (4) 3 : 1
Sol. Answer (1)
W
P1 t t 1
= 1 = 2 =
P2 W t1 2
t2

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108 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

70. If a force of 9 N is acting on a body, then find instantaneous power supplied to the body when its velocity
is 5 m/s in the direction of force
(1) 195 watt (2) 45 watt (3) 75 watt (4) 100 watt
Sol. Answer (2)
P = FV = 9(5) = 45 W
71. As shown in figure, a particle of mass m is performing vertical circular motion. The velocity of the particle is
increased, then at which point will the string break?

A C
O

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

Sol. Answer (2)
Tension will be maximum at B
So increasing velocity increases centripetal force and tension.
72. The bob of simple pendulum having length /, is displaced from mean position to an angular position θ with
respect to vertical. If it is released, then velocity of bob at equilibrium position

(1) 2gl (1 − cos θ) (2) 2gl (1 + cos θ)

(3) 2gl cos θ (4) 2gl

Sol. Answer (1)

Using energy conservation

1
mgl (1 − cos θ ) = mv 2
2

v = 2gl (1 − cos θ)

73. A stone is tied to a string of length ‘l’ and is whirled in a vertical circle with the other end of the string as
the centre. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position and has a speed ‘u’. The magnitude
of the change in velocity as it reaches a position where the string is horizontal (g being acceleration due to
gravity) is

(1) 2(u 2 − gl ) (2) u 2 − gl (3) u − u 2 − 2gl (4) 2gl

Sol. Answer (1)

Using conservation of energy
Ui + ki + Uf + kf l

1 1
0+ mu 2 = mgl + mv ′ 2 u
2 2

u 2 − 2gl = v ′

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 109

Change in velocity (Δv) = v ′ jˆ − uiˆ

Δv = v ′ 2 + u 2

= u 2 − 2gl + u 2

= (
2 u 2 − gl )
a b
74. The potential energy between two atoms, in a molecule, is given by U ( x ) = −
; where a and b are
12
x x6
positive constants and x is the distance between the atoms. The atom is in stable equilibrium, when

1/ 6 1/ 6 1/ 6
⎛ 2a ⎞ ⎛ 11a ⎞ ⎛ a ⎞
(1) x = ⎜ ⎟ (2) x = ⎜ ⎟ (3) x = 0 (4) x = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ b ⎠ ⎝ 5b ⎠ ⎝ 2b ⎠

Sol. Answer (1)

a b
U= 12
− 6
x x

−dU
F= =0
dx
−12a 6b
+ 7 =0
x13 x

1
⎛ 2a ⎞ 6
x=⎜ ⎟
⎝ b⎠

75. The coefficient of restitution, e, for a perfectly elastic collision is

(1) 0 (2) –1 (3) 1 (4) ∞
Sol. Answer (3)
e=1
76. A particle of mass m1 moves with velocity v1 and collides with another particle at rest of equal mass. The
velocity of the second particle after the elastic collision is
(1) 2v1 (2) v1 (3) –v1 (4) 0
Sol. Answer (2)
Velocity will be interchanged as mass of colliding particles is same.
77. Two identical balls A and B collide head-on elastically. If velocities of A and B, before the collision, are
+0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s respectively then their velocities, after the collision, are respectively
(1) – 0.5 m/s and + 0.3 m/s (2) + 0.5 m/s and + 0.3 m/s
(3) + 0.3 m/s and – 0.5 m/s (4) – 0.3 m/s and + 0.5 m/s
Sol. Answer (4)
Velocities will be exchanged
u1 = 0.5 m/s u2 = –0.3 m/s
v1 = –0.3 m/s v2 = 0.5 m/s

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110 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

78. A moving body of mass m and velocity 3 km/h collides with a rest body of mass 2m and sticks to it. Now
the combined mass starts to move. What will be the combined velocity?
(1) 3 km/h (2) 4 km/h
(3) 1 km/h (4) 2 km/h
Sol. Answer (3)
Using momentum conservation
m(3) + 0 = 3 mv
v = 1 km/h
79. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 5 m on a plane, where the acceleration due to gravity is not known.
On bouncing, it rises to 1.8 m. The ball loses its velocity on bouncing by a factor of

3 2 16 9
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 5 25 25

Sol. Answer (2)

h2 = e2 h1
1.8 = e2 (5)

18 9 3
e2 = = ⇒e=
50 25 5

3
v = eu = u
5

3u 2u
Velocity lost = u – v = u − =
5 5

2u 2
Lost by a factor =
5 5
u

80. A ball moving with velocity 2 m/s collides head on with another stationary ball of double the mass. If the
coefficient of restitution is 0.5 then their velocities (in m/s) after collision will be
(1) 0, 2 (2) 0, 1
(3) 1, 1 (4) 1, 0.5
Sol. Answer (2)
Using momentum conservation
2m = mv1 + 2mv2

v 2 − v1
and e =
2
Solving (1) and (2)
v1 = 0, v2 =1

81. A metal ball of mass 2 kg moving with speed of 36 km/h has a head on collision with a stationary ball of mass 3
kg. If after collision, both the balls move together, then the loss in K.E. due to collision is
(1) 100 J (2) 140 J (3) 40 J (4) 60 J

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Solutions of Assignment Work, Energy and Power 111
Sol. Answer (4)

1 m1m2
ΔK = ( u − u2 ) 2
2 m1 + m2 1

1 ( 2)( 3)
= (10)2
2 ( 2 + 3)

= 60 J

82. Two springs A and B having spring constant KA and KB (KA = 2KB) are stretched by applying force of equal
magnitude. If energy stored in spring A is EA then energy stored in B will be

EA
(1) 2EA (2)
4

EA
(3) (4) 4EA
2
Sol. Answer (1)
KA = 2KB

F F
xA = , xB =
KA KB

1 F2
vA = KA 2
2 KA
1 F2 F2
vB = KB 2 =
2 KB K A
⇒ UB = 2UA

SECTION - D

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. A : The work done by a force during round trip is always zero.
R : The average value of force in round trip is zero.
Sol. Answer (4)
2. A : The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done on it by the net force.
R : The work-energy theorem can be used only in conservative field.
Sol. Answer (3)
3. A : Internal forces can change the kinetic energy but not the momentum of the system.
R : The net internal force on a system is always zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
4. A : The potential energy can be defined only in conservative field.
R : The value of potential energy depends on the reference level (level of zero potential energy).
Sol. Answer (2)

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112 Work, Energy and Power Solutions of Assignment

5. A : When a body moves in a circle the work done by the centripetal force is always zero.
R : Centripetal force is perpendicular to displacement at every instant.
Sol. Answer (1)
6. A : If net force acting on a system is zero, then work done on the system may be nonzero.
R : Internal forces acting on a system can increase its kinetic energy.
Sol. Answer (1)
7. A : During collision between two objects, the momentum of colliding objects is conserved only in direction
perpendicular to line of impact.
R : The force on colliding objects in direction perpendicular to line of impact is zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
8. A : The potential energy of a system increases when work is done by conservative force.
R : Kinetic energy can change into potential energy and vice-versa.
Sol. Answer (2)
9. A : In inelastic collision, a part of kinetic energy convert into heat energy, sound energy and light energy etc.
R : The force of interaction in an inelastic collision is non-conservative in nature.
Sol. Answer (1)
10. A : Energy dissipated against friction depends on the path followed.
R : Friction force is non-conservative force.
Sol. Answer (1)
11. A : Work done by the frictional force can't be positive.
R : Frictional force is a conservative force.
Sol. Answer (4)
12. A : Impulse generated on one body by another body in a perfectly elastic collision is not zero.
R : In a perfectly elastic collision, momentum of the system is always conserved and not the momentum of
the individual bodies.
Sol. Answer (1)
13. A : Power of the gravitational force on the body in a projectile motion is zero, once during its motion.
R : At the highest point only, the component of velocity along the gravitational force is zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
14. A : Power delivered by the tension in the wire to a body in vertical circle is always zero.
R : Tension in the wire is equal to the centripetal force acting on the body doing vertical circular motion.
Sol. Answer (3)
15. A : When a man is walking on a rough road, the work done by frictional force is zero.
R : Frictional force acts in the direction of the motion of the man in this case.
Sol. Answer (2)
  

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