Class Test (RAC Unit 1) – 4th Feb.

2020
SET 1 (Q6,7 is Compulsory. Attempt any three questions out of Q1-5)
1) What are the limitations of reversed Carnot cycle? Separately explain the cases of using gas or vapour as
refrigerant.
2) Derive the value of unit of refrigeration effect in S.I units.
3) Name the main components of a refrigeration system.
4) How are refrigerants numbered? Illustrate with an example.
5) What is reversed cycle heating?
6) Determine the power consumption of a domestic refrigerator if its refrigerating capacity is 1/8 TR. It is operating
at an ambient of 40°C. Temperature in the freezer must be maintained at -15°C. COP of the system is half the
Carnot COP. Assume suitable condensing and evaporating temperatures.
7) A boot-strap system coupled with an evaporative cooler is used in an air-craft moving with Mach number 1.3 to
take 18 TR load from the cabin. The pressure and temperaure maintained in the cabin are 1 bar and 27°C. The
pressure of air coming out of the main compressor and auxiliary compressor are 4.2 bar and 5.2 bar respectively.
The air is cooled from each compressor in a heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 0.42. The temperaure of air
leaving the evaporator and entering the turbine is 100°C. Taking ηc1 = 0.88, ηc2 = 0.82, ηt = 0.80 and ηr = 0.90,
find the following when ambient condition is 0.52 bar and 12°C:
(a) Mass of air passed though the cabin
(b) Power required to run the system
(c) COP

Class Test (RAC Unit 1) – 4th Feb. 2020

SET 2 (Q6,7 is Compulsory. Attempt any three questions out of Q1-5)
1) Define the term COP of a refrigeration system. What are factors affecting COP of a refrigeration system?
2) Enumerate the desirable properties of refrigerants commonly employed in refrigeration and air conditioning
applications.
3) How can we use a refrigerating system that gives cooling in summer for heating purposes in winter?
4) Why do we call a closed air refrigeration system a dense air refrigeration system?
5) How actual Brayton cycle differs from ideal Brayton cycle? Explain using T-s diagram.
6) Derive an expression for C.O.P. of Bell-Coleman cycle.
7) A reduced ambient air-refrigeration system consists of two cooling turbines, one for expanding the rammed air
used for cooling the air coming out from main compressor and other is used to supply cooled air to the cabin. The
speed of the aircraft is 1500 km/hr and ambient condition is 0.24 bar and -38°C. The air passing throught the heat
exchanger is discharged through an exhaust fan. The power of both the turbines is used to run the exhaust fan.
The pressure ratio of the main compressor is 4.2. There is a pressure loss of 0.06 bar between the supply nozzle
and the cabin. The cabin is maintained at 1 bar and 22°C. The compressed air is cooled in the heat exchanger to
48°C before enetering the cooling turbine and supplying the air to the cabin. Take the following additional data:
η(ram) = 0.88, η(comp) = 0.82, η(turbine1,2) = 0.8
Find out:
(a) The mass flow rate supplied to the cabin if the cooling load in the cabin is 22 TOR.
(b) The mass flow rate passed through the heat exchanger used to cool the air coming out from the main
compressor is the rise in temperature is limited to 12°C.
(c) Power used to run the fan
(d) COP of the system
 Class Test (RAC Unit 1) – 4th Feb. 2020
SET 3 (Q6,7 is Compulsory. Attempt any three questions out of Q1-5)
1) What do you understand by term DART? What is its significance?
2) How do traditional CFCs and HCFCs affect ozone layer? Describe briefly the effects of ozone depletion on
environment?
3) What are the disadvantages of air refrigeration system?
4) Is it more economical to use electric resistance heater rather than a heat pump for the purpose of heating?
Explain.
5) Derive the relationship between COP of a refrigerator and COP of a heat pump.
6) A cold storage is to be maintained at -4°C when the ambient temperature is 34°C. The heat leakage in the cold
storage from surrounding is 30kW. The actual COP is 1/3 of the ideal COP. Find the power required to run the
plant.
7) A boot-strap system coupled with an evaporative cooler is used in an air-craft moving with Mach number 1.3 to
take 18 TR load from the cabin. The pressure and temperaure maintained in the cabin are 1 bar and 27°C. The
pressure of air coming out of the main compressor and auxiliary compressor are 4.2 bar and 5.2 bar respectively.
The air is cooled from each compressor in a heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 0.42. The temperaure of air
leaving the evaporator and entering the turbine is 100°C. Taking ηc1 = 0.88, ηc2 = 0.82, ηt = 0.80 and ηr = 0.90,
find the following when ambient condition is 0.52 bar and 12°C:
(a) Mass of air passed though the cabin
(b) Power required to run the system
(c) COP

Class Test (RAC Unit 1) – 4th Feb. 2020

SET 4 (Q6,7 is Compulsory. Attempt any three questions out of Q1-5)
1) Which type of aircraft refrigeration system is preferred for very high speed planes & why?
2) What is change in COP and power consumption of a refrigerator if we lower the refrigeration temperature?
3) How dense air refrigeration systems are more advantageous?
4) What piping material is favorable while using ammonia as refrigerant.
5) Will there be any effect on the performance of Carnot refrigerator when season changes from winter to summer?
Explain.
6) Derive an expression for C.O.P. of Bell-Coleman cycle when the process is carried out polytropically.
7) A reduced ambient air-refrigeration system consists of two cooling turbines, one for expanding the rammed air
used for cooling the air coming out from main compressor and other is used to supply cooled air to the cabin. The
speed of the aircraft is 1500 km/hr and ambient condition is 0.24 bar and -38°C. The air passing throught the heat
exchanger is discharged through an exhaust fan. The power of both the turbines is used to run the exhaust fan.
The pressure ratio of the main compressor is 4.2. There is a pressure loss of 0.06 bar between the supply nozzle
and the cabin. The cabin is maintained at 1 bar and 22°C. The compressed air is cooled in the heat exchanger to
48°C before enetering the cooling turbine and supplying the air to the cabin. Take the following additional data:
η(ram) = 0.88, η(comp) = 0.82, η(turbine1,2) = 0.8
Find out:
(a) The mass flow rate supplied to the cabin if the cooling load in the cabin is 22 TOR.
(b) The mass flow rate passed through the heat exchanger used to cool the air coming out from the main
compressor is the rise in temperature is limited to 12°C.
(c) Power used to run the fan
(d) COP of the system
Differentiate between Refrigerator and Heat pump.

Name various methods to produce refrigeration effect.

Why do we call a closed air refrigeration system a dense air refrigeration system?

Sketch T-s diagram for regenerative air evaporative cooling system.

What are the disadvantages of air refrigeration system?

What is boot strap with reference to aircraft refrigeration systems?

What do you understand by term DART?

Differentiate between natural and mechanical refrigeration.

Define energy performance ratio (EPR) & express its relationship with COP.
Discuss the nomenclature used for classifying the refrigerants.

What is a secondary refrigerant? Give two examples.

Write the name of the refrigerant to be used in ice plants.

What piping material is favorable while using ammonia as refrigerant.

How are refrigerants numbered? Illustrate with an example.

Enumerate the desirable properties of refrigerants commonly employed in refrigeration and air conditioning
applications.

Enumerate the alternative refrigerants proposed for the R-12 and R-22 refrigerants.

How do traditional CFCs and HCFCs affect ozone layer? Describe briefly the effects of ozone depletion on
environment?
In a bell Coleman refrigeration cycle, air is drawn from cold chamber at 1 bar and compressed to 6 bar in the
compressor. The compression and expansion indices are 1.25 and 1.30 respectively. Obtain COP and Tonnage
of the unit for an air flow rate of 0.5 kg/sec. Neglect the clearance volume and take temperatures at the
beginning of compression and expansion to be 7°C and 37°C respectively. If the compression and expansion
are isentropic, how the results will be modified?

A simple air cooled system is used for aero plane having load of 10 TR. The atmosphere pressure and
temperature are 0.9 bar and 10ºC. The pressure gets increased to 1 bar due to ramming and to 3.5 bar in the
compressor. The temperature of the air is reduced by 50ºC in the heat exchanger. The pressure in the cabin is
1.03 bar and the temperature o be maintained in the cabin is 25ºC. Determine mass flow rate of air, power
required to take up the load of the cabin, COP of the system. Assume all expansions and compressions to be
isentropic.

An aircraft flying at an altitude of 8000 m, where the ambient air is at 0.341 bar pressure and 263K temperature
has a speed of 900 km/h. The pressure ratio of the air compressor is 5. The cabin pressure is 1.01325bar and
temperature is 27°C. Determine the power requirement of the aircraft for pressurization (excluding the ram
work), additional power required for refrigeration and refrigeration capacity on the basis of 1kg/s flow of air.

Determine the power consumption of a domestic refrigerator if its refrigerating capacity is 1/8 TR. It is
operating at an ambient of 40°C. Temperature in the freezer must be maintained at -15°C. COP of the system is
half the Carnot COP. Assume suitable condensing and evaporating temperatures.

A cold storage is to be maintained at -4°C when the ambient temperature is 34°C. The heat leakage in the cold
storage from surrounding is 30kW. The actual COP is 1/3 of the ideal COP. Find the power required to run the
plant.

Derive an expression for C.O.P. of Bell-Coleman cycle when the process is carried out polytropically.
A boot-strap system coupled with an evaporative cooler is used in an air-craft moving with Mach number 1.3 to
take 18 TR load from the cabin. The pressure and temperaure maintained in the cabin are 1 bar and 27°C. The
pressure of air coming out of the main compressor and auxiliary compressor are 4.2 bar and 5.2 bar
respectively. The air is cooled from each compressor in a heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 0.42. The
temperaure of air leaving the evaporator and entering the turbine is 100°C. Taking ηc1 = 0.88, ηc2 = 0.82, ηt =
0.80 and ηr = 0.90, find the following when ambient condition is 0.52 bar and 12°C:

(d) Mass of air passed though the cabin

(e) Power required to run the system
(f) COP

A reduced ambient air-refrigeration system consists of two cooling turbines, one for expanding the rammed air
used for cooling the air coming out from main compressor and other is used to supply cooled air to the cabin.
The speed of the aircraft is 1500 km/hr and ambient condition is 0.24 bar and -38°C. The air passing throught
the heat exchanger is discharged through an exhaust fan. The power of both the turbines is used to run the
exhaust fan. The pressure ratio of the main compressor is 4.2. There is a pressure loss of 0.06 bar between the
supply nozzle and the cabin. The cabin is maintained at 1 bar and 22°C. The compressed air is cooled in the
heat exchanger to 48°C before enetering the cooling turbine and supplying the air to the cabin. Take the
following additional data:

η(ram) = 0.88, η(comp) = 0.82, η(turbine1,2) = 0.8

Find out:

(e) The mass flow rate supplied to the cabin if the cooling load in the cabin is 22 TOR.
(f) The mass flow rate passed through the heat exchanger used to cool the air coming out from the main
compressor is the rise in temperature is limited to 12°C.
(g) Power used to run the fan
(h) COP of the system

A regenerative type air cooled system is to be designed to take 20 TR load from the cabin of an aircraft moving
at a Mach number 1.4 through an atmosphere at 20°C and 0.8 bar. The pressure of air is increased from 0.8 bar
to 1.2 bar due to ramming. The pressure of air leaving the main compressor is 4.5 bar. 60% of the total heat in
air leaving the main compressor is removed in the heat exchanger and then passed through the cooling
turbine. The temperature of the rammed air used for cooling in heat exchanger is reduced to 40°C by mixing
the air coming out of cooling turbine. The cabin is maintained at 1.03 bar and 25°C. Assuming ηc = 0.90 and ηt
= 0.80, find the following:

(a) Ratio of bypassed air to ram air used for cooling purposes.
(b) Power required to run te system and its COP