Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

Tutorial Outline

Course Code & Name : CL301 Structural Mechanics-I

Teaching Scheme : Lecture-3, Tutorial-1, Pratical-0, Credit-4
Course Coordinator : Prof. Digesh D. Joshi

1.0 Course Outcomes (CO)

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to
1. understand behaviour of statically determinate structural elements and apply analysis
methods,
2. analyse statically indeterminate structures like propped cantilever,
3. evaluate stresses for structures like dam, chimney, retaining wall etc.,
4. analyse and describe influence line diagrams for beams and trusses,
5. relate application of analysis methods to real life problems.

2.0 Syllabus
Unit-1: Internal Forces Hours:06
Computation of internal forces and stresses in statically determinate beams and plane frames,
graphical method for principal stress and strains.
Unit-2: Cable and Arches Hours:05
Equilibrium of light cable, uniformly loaded cables at same level and at different levels, analysis
of the three-hinged Circular and Parabolic arches.
Unit-3: Slope and Deflection of Beams Hours:09
Differential equation of elastic curve, relation between moment, slope and deflection, Double
Integration method, Maculay's Method, Moment Area Method, Conjugate Beam Method.
Unit-4: Direct and Bending Stresses Hours:06
Members subjected to eccentric loads, middle third rule, kernel of the section, structures such
as dam, chimney, retaining walls etc. subjected to lateral load.
Unit-5: Columns and Struts Hours:05
Standard cases of end conditions and corresponding effective length, buckling, radius of
gyration, principle axes, Euler’s and Rankine’s formula, eccentrically loaded columns,
columns with lateral loadings.
Unit-6: Influence Lines Hours:08
Influence line diagram for support reactions, shear force, bending moment for statically
determinate beams and axial forces in trusses, criterion for maximum effect due to point loads
and uniformly distributed load.
Unit-7: Planar Structures Hours:03
Statically determinate and indeterminate planar structures, static and kinematics
indeterminacy, principle of superposition, Maxwell’s Reciprocal relation, stable/unstable
structures.
Unit-8: Propped Cantilever Hours:03
Analysis of propped cantilever beams by consistent deformation method, rigid
and elastic supports, beams of varying moment of inertia.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Self Study:
The self study contents will be declared at the commencement of semester. Around 10% of the
questions will be asked from self study contents.

Tutorial Work:
Tutorial work will be based on above syllabus with minimum 09 tutorials to be incorporated.

3.0 References
Books:
Students are encouraged to refer good quality renowned books published by reputed publishers.
Some of the books are listed below:

1. R. C. Hibbeler, Structural Analysis, Pearson.

2. C. H. Norris, J. B. Wilbur, S. Utku, Elementary Structural Analysis, McGraw-hill, Inc.
3. S. B. Junnarkar and H. J. Shah, Mechanics of Structures, Vol.-I&II, Charotar Publishing
House Pvt. Limited.
4. C. S. Reddy, Basic Structural Analysis, Tata McGraw-hill.
5. Devdas Menon, Structural Analysis, Narosa Publishing.
6. S. Ramamrutham and R. Narayanan, Strength of Materials, Dhanpat Rai Publishing
Company
Note: The latest edition of books should be referred.

NPTEL Video Lectures:

Other than books, students are advised to refer NPTEL video lectures. Link for some of the video
lectures is listed below:

1. Structural Analysis – I – WEB COURSE by Dr. Siddhartha Ghosh & Dr. R. S. Jangid (IIT
Bombay) - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101085/

2. Advance Structural Analysis – VIDEO COURSE by Prof. Devdas Menon (IIT Madras)
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105106050/

3. Structural Analysis – II – VIDEO COURSE by Dr. P. Banerjee (IIT Bombay)

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101086/

4. Strength of Materials - VIDEO COURSE by Dr. S.P. Harsha (IIT Roorkee)

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=112107147

5. Strength of Materials - VIDEO COURSE by Prof. S.K. Bhattacharyya (IIT Kharagpur)

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=105105108

6. Strength of Materials - WEB COURSE by Prof. M.S. Sivakumar (IIT Madras)

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Strength_of_Materials/index.php

7. Strength of Materials - WEB COURSE by Dr. Satish C. Sharma (IIT Roorkee)

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-
ROORKEE/strength%20of%20materials/homepage.htm

8. Mechanics of Solids - VIDEO COURSE by Prof. M.S. Sivakumar (IIT Madras)

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=105106116

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

4.0 Introduction to Course

Structural Mechanics-I is the elementary modular course which covers basic analysis of
structural components under the effect of external forces. This course mainly covers analysis of
statically determinate structures in terms of computation of stresses and deformations when
subjected to different types of load combinations. Construction of Influence Line Diagrams (ILD),
analysis of propped cantilever beam, etc. will also be covered in the course. For effective learning
of this course, basic understanding of fundamental concepts studied in course of Mechanics of
Solids, will be required as pre-requisite. This course will benefit students to build solid
foundation for other advance courses related to structural analysis and design such as Structural
Mechanics-II, Advanced Structural Mechanics and Design of Structures etc. as illustrated below.

Structural Analysis
Physics
(Mechanics of Solids)
(Sem-I/II)

Structural Mechanics-I
Advanced
(Sem-III)
Structural
Mechanics
(Elective Course,
Structural Mechanics-II Sem-VI)
(Sem-IV)

Design of Structures-I, II & III

(Sem-V, VI & VII)

5.0 Objectives of Tutorial

The main objective of the tutorial session is to enhance student involvement in problem solving
and technical discussions, which helps them to think about different aspects of topic. It also aims
active participation of students in different activities which enables them to relate theoretical
topic with practical applications.

6.0 Conduct of Tutorial

Course of Structural Mechanics-I is about analysis of determinate structures, which requires
numerous problem solving to determine various quantities such as internal forces, stress,

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

deformations, etc. During tutorial session, students will be encouraged to apply fundamental
concepts learned in theory class to analyse variety of numerical problems. Unlike lecture, during
tutorial session, emphasize will be given on problem solving and discussions to solve doubts or
queries of students through one to one interaction. All the students will be motivated to involve
in problem solving on individual basis, however, in case of difficulties they may discuss with peer
students or faculty members.

7.0 Tutorial Details

Tutorial work will be based on the syllabus with following 09 tutorials to be conducted. List of
tutorial along with mapped CO and tentative schedule according to academic calendar is as
follows:
Sr.
Week No. Tutorial topics CO
No.

1. 1-2 Planar Structures 1&5

2. 1-5 Direct and Bending Stresses 3&5

3. 3-4 Internal Forces 1&5

Slope and Deflection of Beams - I (Double Integration

4. 6-8 1&5
Method & Macaulay’s Method)

5. 9 Slope and Deflection of Beams - II (Moment Area Method) 1&5

6. 10-11 Propped Cantilever Beams 2&5

7. 6-11 Column and Struts 1&5

8. 12-15 Influence Line Diagrams 1&5

9. 12-15 Cable and Arches 4&5

* Tutorial sheets are placed as an Annexure at the end.

8.0 Assessment Policy

Component wise assessment policy is as follows:

Assessment CE SEE
scheme (100 Marks) (100 Marks)
Component
0.6 0.4
weightage
Class Test Sessional Exam Tutorial Evaluation
30% 40% 30% Maximum
(Maximum (Maximum (Maximum 100 marks
30 marks) 40 marks) 30 marks)

Tutorial component is having 30% weightage under component of Continuous Evaluation. There
will be 09 tutorials given to students each carrying weightage of 10 marks. At the end of the course
total marks obtained out of 90 will be converted according to weightage assigned.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Assessment of tutorials will be carried out based on following parameters:

 originality / independent work
 involvement of the student
 timely submission
 regularity
 neat and clean work
 discipline

9.0 Academic Integrity Statement

Students are expected to carry out assigned work under tutorial component independently.
Copying in any form is not acceptable and will invite strict disciplinary action. Evaluation of
corresponding component will be affected proportionately in such cases. Turnitin software will
be used to check plagiarism wherever applicable. Academic integrity is expected from students
in all components of course assessment.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Annexure - Tutorial Sheets

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

B. Tech Semester-III

Tutorial-1 Planar Structures

1. What do you mean by Static Indeterminacy and Kinematic Indeterminacy of structure?

2. Calculate Static Indeterminacy (internal and external) and Kinematic Indeterminacy

(considering and neglecting axial deformation) for the following planar structures.

Beam:

Plane Truss:

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Plane Frame:

Grid:

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

B. Tech Semester-III

Tutorial-2 Direct and Bending Stress

Group 1 2 3 4
Example 1, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18 2, 7, 11, 13, 17, 18 3, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18 4, 5, 9 14, 17, 18

1. The cross section of a masonry pier is hollow rectangle having the dimensions of the external
and internal rectangles being 230 mm × 170 mm and 160 mm × 110 mm respectively. A load
of 22 kN in the vertical plane bisecting the 230 mm width of pier is transmitted at an
eccentricity of 20 mm from the geometric axis of the section. Calculate the maximum and
minimum stress intensities induced in the section. (Refer Fig. 1)

2. A rectangular footing 4 m long and 2.5 m wide, support a vertical point load of 300 kN located
at the quarter point of one diagonal. Neglecting the self-weight of the footing, calculate the
normal stresses at the four outside corners on a horizontal section of the footing. Also
calculate the position of Neutral Axis.

3. A masonry column has rectangular cross section PQRS; PQ = RS = 2 m and QR = PS = 1 m. It

carries a load of 500 kN, concentrated at a point T, 0.4 m from QR and 0.75 m from PQ.
Calculate the maximum and minimum stresses developed in the section. Also calculate the
position of Neutral Axis.

4. An upright timber post 30 cm in diameter supports a vertical load of 15,000 kg at 8 cm from

the vertical axis of the post. Determine the maximum and minimum stresses in normal cross
section.

5. A tie bar 200 mm deep and 20 mm thick transmits an axial pull of 200 kN. A hole of 40 mm
diameter is drilled through the bar with its centre at a distance of 50 mm from the axis of the
bar as shown in Fig. 2. Calculate the maximum stresses in the material.

6. A hollow circular column 240 mm external diameter and 200 mm internal diameter has a
projecting bracket on which a load of 100 kN rests. The centre of this load is 300 mm from the
centre of the column. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities induced in the
column.

7. A hollow cylindrical C.I. shaft has 20 cm external diameter and 14 cm internal diameter. In
casting, the bore got eccentric so that thickness varies from 2 cm at one end to 4 cm at the
other end. If the shaft carries a thrust of 400,000 N along the axis of the bore, calculate the
extreme intensities of stress induced in the section. (Refer Fig. 3)

8. A simply supported beam of rectangular cross section of 250 mm wide and 500 mm deep
carries a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m (including self-weight of beam) over a span
of 5 meter. The beam is additionally subjected to a compressive force of 1800 kN at the lower
quarter point as shown in Fig. 4. Determine the extreme fibre stresses at mid span section.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

9. The cross section of a masonry pier is hollow rectangle having the dimensions of the external
and internal rectangles being 140 cm × 110 cm and 100 cm × 60 cm respectively. A load of 250
kN in the vertical plane bisecting the 140 cm width of pier is transmitted at an eccentricity of
‘e’. Calculate maximum value of ‘e’ so that no tension is induced in the section.

10. A rectangular footing 3 m long and 2 m wide supports a vertical point load of 350 kN located
as one of the diagonals. Neglecting the self-weight of the footing, calculate the maximum
distance of the load from the centre of the section, so that no tension is induced in the section.

11. A masonry dam 4 m high and 1 m top width has vertical water face. Calculate the bottom width
of the dam if no tension is to develop at the base. Take density of masonry = 20 kN/m3.

12. Determine the core of the I-section as shown in Fig. 5. For I-section, consider Area = 25.27
cm2, Moment of Inertia @ xx axis = 1696.6 cm4 and Moment of Inertia @ yy axis = 115.4 cm4.

13. A masonry chimney of factory is 20 m high and of hollow-square section, measuring 3 m on

the outside and 2 m inside. Wind pressure of 1.5 kN/m2 acts parallel to one of its faces.
Determine the maximum and minimum stresses developed in the chimney. Consider weight
of the masonry = 22400 N/m3.

14. A concrete wall of rectangular section 1 m thick, is 2.5 m high. It has to retain water up to a
height of 2.25 m. Determine the stress intensities at the base, if unit weight of concrete is 24
kN/m3.

15. A masonry wall of a trapezoidal section 1 m wide at the top and 4 m wide at the bottom is
having 6 m height. It has to retain water on its vertical side upto the top level. Calculate the
maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base section, if masonry weighs 19200 N/m 3.

16. A masonry trapezoidal dam 4 m high is 1 m wide at the top and 3 m wide at the bottom. It is
retaining water on its vertical face. Determine the maximum and minimum stresses at the
base, when (i) the reservoir is full and (ii) the reservoir is empty. Take weight of the masonry
as 20 kN/m3.

17. A short wooden pillar rectangular in section is 400 mm wide and 240 mm thick. It carries at
the top two loads P1 and P2 in the vertical plane bisecting the thickness. P1 acts at 6 cm from
the centre on one side and P2 acts at 9 cm on the other side. If the stress is throughout
compressive and the extreme intensity of stress on the side towards which P1 acts is twice the
extreme intensity of the stress on other side, calculate the ratio of P1 to P2.

18. A solid masonry pillar ‘d’ m in diameter is subjected to a horizontal intensity of wind pressure
‘p’ N/m2. If the coefficient of wind resistance is ‘c’, prove that the maximum permissible height
for the pillar is given in meters by h = (ρπd2 / 16pc) so that no tension is induced at the base,
where ρ = density of masonry.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

Tutorial-3 Internal Forces

1. With the help of neat sketches, explain about various types of internal forces along with its
sign convention.

2. Draw internal forces diagrams for following planar structures, indicating values at all
important points.
Group 1 2 3 4
Figure 1, 7, 9, 16, 17 2, 8, 10, 15, 18 3, 5, 11, 14, 19 4, 6, 12, 13, 20

3. Draw loading diagram and bending moment diagram based on shear force diagram.
Group 1 2 3 4
Figure 21 22 21 22

4. With the help of neat sketches, explain step wise procedure for Mohr’s circle construction
(graphical method) for following cases.
a. For biaxial like stresses
b. For biaxial unlike stresses
c. For biaxial with shear stresses

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Fig. 4

Fig. 5 Fig. 6

Fig. 7 Fig. 8

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Fig. 9 Fig. 10

Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13

Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16

Fig. 17 Fig. 18

Fig. 19 Fig. 20

Fig. 21 Fig. 22

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

Tutorial-4 Slope and Deflection of Beams

(Double Integration Method and Macaulay’s Method)

1. With usual notations derive differential equation of elastic curve of the beam. Also discuss
reason for using negative sign on right side (with M) of the equation.

2. Using Double Integration Method, calculate maximum slope and maximum deflection for
beams subjected to loading as shown in Figure-1 and Figure-2.

Figure-1

Figure-2

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

3. Using Macaulay’s method, Determine maximum slope and deflection for the beams subjected
to loading as shown in Figure-3 to Figure-10. Also determine deflections at the locations
mentioned in the Figures.

Figure No. Grade of Cross Section of beam

Concrete (mm)
3, 6 M25 300 × 400
4, 9 M20 230 × 300
5, 7 M30 300 × 500
8, 10 M35 350 × 400

Group 1 2 3 4
Figure 3, 7, 10 5, 8, 9 4, 5, 10 6, 8, 9

Figure-3 Figure-4

Figure-5 Figure-6

Figure-7 Figure-8

Figure-9 Figure-10

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

Tutorial-5 Slope and Deflection of Beams

(Moment Area Method)

1. State two theorems of moment area. Also discuss applications of moment area theorems.

2. Determine maximum slope and deflection at locations mentioned in figures, for beams
subjected to loading as shown in Figure-1 to Figure-13 using moment area method. Consider
E = 200 GN/m2, I = 5000 cm4.

Group 1 2 3 4
Figure 1, 5, 9, 11 2, 6, 9, 13 3, 7, 9, 10 4, 8, 9, 12

Figure-1 Figure-2

Figure-3 Figure-4

Figure-5 Figure-6

Figure-7 Figure-8

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Figure-9

Figure-10 Figure-11

Figure-12 Figure-13

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

Tutorial-6 Propped Cantilever Beams

1. Determine the reaction at the prop, for the propped cantilever beams subjected to loading as
shown in Figure-1 to Figure-13. Also draw shear force diagram and bending moment diagram,
indicating values at all important points.

Group 1 2 3 4
Figure 4,7,9,13 3,5,10,13 2,6,12,13 1,8,11,13

Figure-1 Figure-2 Figure-3

Figure-4 Figure-5 Figure-6

Figure-7 Figure-8 Figure-9

Figure-10 Figure-11 Figure-12

Figure-13

2. A cantilever of effective length 8 meters carries a uniformly distributed load (UDL) of 25 kN/m
over the entire length. It is also subjected to concentrated force of 40 kN at the free end. The
cantilever is propped on a point 3 meters from the free end. Calculate the reaction at the prop
if; (a) Prop sinks down by 8 mm and (b) Prop is adjusted such that there is no deflection at
free end. Consider E = 200 GPa and I = 5.2 × 107 mm4.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics-I

Tutorial-7 Columns and Struts

Theoretical Questions:
1. For a column under axial loading, distinguish between crushing load, and buckling load /
crippling load.
2. Distinguish between short columns and long columns.
3. Derive the expressions for crippling load for a straight column using Euler's formula for
following end conditions:
(i) One end fixed and the other free, (ii) Both ends hinged,
(iii) Both ends fixed and (iv) One end fixed and the other hinged
4. Give limitations of Euler's formula.
5. Give expression of Rankine's formula & explain how it has been derived.
6. Derive the expression for bending moment for a long column subjected to eccentric
loading for the same end conditions of the column as mentioned in Question 2.
7. Derive the expression for bending moment for a strut with both ends hinged and
subjected to axial load in addition to, (i) Uniformly distributed load throughout the span
and (ii) A concentrated load W acting transversely at the center.

Numerical Problems:
Attempt exercise problem according to group as follows:
Group 1 2 3 4
Problems 1,5,9,14,19 2,6,10,15,20 3,7,11,16,21 4,8,12,17,22

1. A hollow cast iron column rigidly fixed at one end and pin-jointed at the other end, has 150
mm outer diameter and 120 mm inner diameter. Its length is 6 m and Modulus of Elasticity is
90 GPa. Calculate crippling load of the column using Euler’s formula.

2. Calculate the safe compressive load on a hollow mild steel column with pin jointed at both the
ends. The column is 10 m long with 140 mm outer and 100 mm inner diameter. Use Euler’s
formula with factor of safety 5. Take E = 200 GPa

3. Determine the ratio of strength of a solid steel column to that of a hollow column of the same
cross-sectional area. The internal diameter of the hollow column is 3/4 of the external
diameter. Both the columns have the same length and end conditions.

4. A bar of length 4 meter when used as a simply supported beam and subjected to uniformly
distributed load of 30 kN/m over the whole span, deflects 15 mm at the centre. Calculate the
crippling load when, it is used as a column with following end conditions:
(i) both ends pin-jointed.
(ii) one end fixed and other end hinged.
(iii) both ends fixed.
(iv) one end fixed and other end free.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

5. A hollow cast iron column of 300 mm external diameter and 150 mm internal diameter is
used as a column 4 m long with both ends hinged. Determine Rankine’s safe load with a factor
of safety 4. Take fc = 567 MPa and a = 1/1600.

6. Find the Euler’s crushing load for a hollow cylindrical Cast Iron column, 150 mm external
diameter and 20 mm thickness. The column is 6 m long with both ends hinged. E = 80 GPa.
Compare this load with the crushing load given by Rankine’s formula using fc = 567 MPa and
a = 1/1600. Calculate the length of column, when both the formulae give same crushing load.

7. A hollow cast iron column with fixed ends supports an axial load of 1000 kN. If the column is
5 m long and has an external diameter of 250 mm, find the thickness of metal required. Use
Rankine’s formula taking a constant a = 1/1600 and assume working stress of 80 N/mm2.

8. Find the greatest length for which a mild steel T-shaped cross section, the area of which is
30 cm2 and least moment of inertia is 240 cm4, may be used with one end fixed and other end
free in order to carry a working load of 70 MN/m2 of section. The working load being the one
fourth of crippling load (i.e. factor of safety is 4). Rankine’s constants for mild steel are
a = 1/7500 and fc = 330 MN/m2.

9. Find the outside diameter of a cast iron column of 180 mm inside diameter to support safe
load of 600 kN. The column is 5 m long with both ends rigidly fixed. Use factor of safety 5 and
Rankine’s constant a = 1/1600 and fc = 567 N/mm2.

10. A steel column is built of two rolled steel joists of ‘I’ section 300 mm × 150 mm × 12.5 mm
united by plates of 20 mm thickness and 400 mm width fastened to flanges. The edges of the
plates are flush with the outside edges of joists. Using Rankine formula, find the safe load for
this column, if it is 8 m long with both the ends hinged. Consider fc = 330 MPa, a = 1/7500 and
Factor of safety 4.

11. Two 80 mm × 160 mm rectangular section cast iron columns are each 4 m long with one end
fixed and other hinged. They share equally the total load carried by them. Find by Rankine’s
formula, the diameter of single solid cast iron column of circular section of same end
conditions to replace both of them. Also calculate percentage saving in material. Take
Rankine’s constant a = 1/1600 and crushing stress for cast iron as 500 MPa.

12. A hollow cylindrical cast iron column is 5 m long, both ends being fixed. Design column to
carry an axial load of 250 kN. Use Rankine’s formula and adopt a factor of safety 5. Internal
diameter may be taken as 0.75 time external diameter. Take fc = 350 N/mm2 and a = 1/1600.

13. A strut 3 m long with both ends hinged consists of two equal angles 100 mm × 100 mm × 10
mm with spacing between angles 10 mm. Find safe compressive load for the strut allowing a
factor of safety 4. Use Rankine formula. Take fc = 320 N/mm2 and a = 1/7500. Properties of
one angle are: A = 19.03 cm2, Ixx = Iyy = 177 cm4.

14. A column of circular section made of cast iron is of 200 mm external diameter, 20 mm thick
and 4 m long. Both ends of columns are fixed. The column carries an axial load of 150 kN at
an eccentricity of 25 mm from the axis of column. Find extreme stresses on the column
section. Find also the maximum eccentricity in order there may be no tension anywhere on
the section. Take E = 94 GPa.

15. A 2.8 m long steel tube having 80 mm outer diameter and 60 mm inner diameter is used as a
strut with both end hinged. The load is parallel to axis of strut but is eccentric. Find maximum
value of eccentricity so that the crippling load on strut is equal to 60% of Euler’s crippling
load. Take yield strength = 320 N/mm2 and E = 210 GPa.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

16. A stanchion, 6 meter long, ends free, is built-up of two 400 mm × 100 mm standard channels
placed 150 mm back-to-back, with one 400 mm × 12 mm plate riveted to each flange. It carries
a load of 1300 kN, which is off the axis YY in the vertical plane through the axis XX. Calculate
the permissible eccentricity, if the maximum permissible compressive stress is 105 MPa. For
each channel area of cross-section = 6293 mm2, distance of centroid from the base = 24.2 mm,
Ixx = 15082.6 × 104 mm4, Iyy = 504.8 × 104 mm4, E = 200 GPa.

17. A vertical stanchion 6 meter long consists of an I-section 250 mm × 200 mm (area = 5205
mm2, Ixx = 5943.1 × 104 mm4). An eccentric vertical load P is applied on the stanchion, its line
of action being in the plane of YY axis and at an eccentricity of 150 mm with respect to the XX
axis. Treating the ends as hinged, calculate the value of the load P, so that the maximum stress
in the stanchion as 120 MPa. E = 200 GPa.

18. A stanchion built-up of a 250 mm x 125 mm RSJ section with a plate 150 mm x 12 mm riveted
to each flange. It is 6 meter long and its ends are hinged. If the maximum stress is limited to
88 MPa, calculate the safe load for the stanchion. For the joist: area of cross-section,
A = 35.53 × 10-4 m2, Ixx = 3717.8 × 10-8 m4, Iyy = 193.4 × 10-8 m4. The eccentricity from the YY
axis is 25 mm. E = 200 GPa.

19. A steel strut, 1 m long is 25 mm in diameter. It is subjected to an axial thrust of 12 kN. In

addition a lateral load of W kN acts in center of the same. If the strut failed at a maximum
stress of 320 MPa, determine the magnitude of W. Take E = 200 GPa.

20. A rod 2 m long and of rectangular cross section 80 mm × 40 mm is supported horizontally

through pin joints. It carries a vertical load of 3 N/mm and an axial thrust of 100 kN. If
E = 200 GPa, calculate maximum stress induced.

21. A straight horizontal rod of steel, 32 mm in diameter, 2 m long weighing 60 N/m is freely
supported at its ends. An axial thrust is applied to each end. Estimate the greatest value of P,
if maximum compressive stress in section is not to exceed 30 N/mm2. Take E = 200 GPa.

22. A locomotive coupling rod, 3 m long is of ‘I’ section whose section area = 15.12 cm 2,
Ixx = 406.8 cm4 and overall depth = 125 mm. The equivalent gravity and dynamic load is 1000
N/m length and the maximum axial thrust is estimated at 120 kN. Neglecting friction at the
pins, calculate the maximum stress in the rod. Take E = 200 GPa.

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Tutorial Outline Structural Mechanics-I (CL301)

Nirma University
Institute of Technology
School of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

B. Tech Semester-III
CL301 Structural Mechanics – I

Tutorial-8 Influence Lines

1. What do you mean by Influence Line Diagram (ILD)?

2. For simply supported beam, draw Influence Line Diagram for reactions at both the ends, shear
force and bending moment.

3. For both side overhand beam as shown in Figure 1, draw Influence Line Diagram for reaction
at A, reaction at B, shear force at X-X, Y-Y and bending moment at X-X, Z-Z.

Figure 1

4. Using Influence Line Diagrams, calculate reactions at both the supports for beams subjected
to loading as shown in Figure 2. Also, calculate shear force and bending moment at “any two”
sections within the beam, using ILD.
Group 1 2 3 4
Figure a, c b, d a, d b, c

Figure 2

5. For a truss as shown in Figure 3 Draw Influence Line Diagram for all top chord members, all
bottom chord members, all vertical members and all diagonal members.

Figure 3

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