Use of Linear Programming For Optimal Production in A Production Line in Saudi Food Co
Use of Linear Programming For Optimal Production in A Production Line in Saudi Food Co
8VHRI/LQHDU3URJUDPPLQJIRU2SWLPDO3URGXFWLRQ
LQD3URGXFWLRQ/LQHLQ6DXGL)RRG&R
4DVLP0.ULUL
YDULDEOHXQGHUDJLYHQVHWRIDVVXPSWLRQV6HQVLWLYLW\DQDO\V
6DXGL )RRG &RPSDQ\ LQ 6DXGL $UDELD$Q RSWLPDO VROXWLRQ WR WKH QG VLGH 5+6 YDOXHV 7KH VWUDWHJ\ LV XWLOL]HG LQVLGH
DERYHPHQWLRQHG SUREOHPLVD/LQHDU 3URJUDPPLQJ VROXWLRQ,Q WKLV
SDUWLFXODU OLPLWV WKDW UHO\ XSRQ DW OHDVW RQH
UHJDUGWKHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKLVSURMHFWLVWRPD[LPL]HSURILW/LQHDU
3URJUDPPLQJ7HFKQLTXHKDVEHHQXVHGWRGHULYHWKHPD[LPXPSURILW LQIRUPDWLRQ IDFWRUV IRU H[DPSOH WKH LPSDFW WKDW
Open Science Index, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10008981
IURPSURGXFWLRQRIQDWXUDOMXLFHDW6DXGL )RRG&R7KHRSHUDWLRQV
DGMXVWPHQWV LQ ORDQ IHHV KDYH RQ VHFXULW\ FRVWV
RI SURGXFWLRQ RI WKH FRPSDQ\ ZHUH IRUPXODWHG DQG RSWLPDO
6HQVLWLYLW\ DQDO\VLV LV XVHG WR TXDQWLI\ WKH
UHVXOWV DUH IRXQG RXW E\ XVLQJ /LQGR 6RIWZDUH WKDW HPSOR\HG
HIIHFWRIFKDQJHVLQWKHLQLWLDOGDWDRIOLQHDUSURJUDPVRQWKH
6HQVLWLYLW\
RSWLPDOYDOXH
$QDO\VLVDQG3DUDPHWULFOLQHDUSURJUDPPLQJLQRUGHUGHYHORS/LQH
7KHSODQWVHOHFWHGLQWKLVSURMHFWLV6DXGL
DU 3URJUDPPLQJ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH SDUDPHWHU YDOXHV DUH )RRG&RPSDQ\
LQFUHDVHG WKHQ 6DXGL )RRG &RPSDQ\ HVWDEOLVKHG LQ LQ 5L\DGK FLW\
WKHYDOXHVRIWKHREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQZLOOEHLQFUHDVHG
6DXGL
REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ
VHQVLWLYLW\DQDO\VLVRSWLPL]HSURILW
4DVLP .ULUL LV D PDVWHU¶V VWXGHQW LQ ,QGXVWULDO (QJLQHHULQJ
DW /DZUHQFH 7HFKQRORJLFDO8QLYHUVLW\6RXWKILHOG0,SKRQHH
, ,1752'8&7,21
PDLOTNULUL#OWXHGX
/,1($5SURJUDPPLQJLVDWHFKQLTXHXVHGWRILQGWKHEHV
W
YDOXHE\WDNLQJPDQ\OLQHDULQHTXDOLWLHVUHODWLQJWRVR
NLQGVRI
RWKHUV6HQVLWLYLW\DQDO\VLVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJDUHD
GLIIHUHQWYDOXHVRIDQLQGHSHQGHQWYDULDEOHLPSDFWDGHSHQGHQ
W
KRFRODWHFRIIHH DQGWHD PRGHOWKH\IRFXVRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI/33UREOHPWRGULYH
L EDUDGLDQVLQWKH.LQJGRPRI6DXGL$UDELDZKLFKLVHQJDJHG WKHPD[LPXPSURILWIURPSURGXFWLRQRIVRIWGULQNIRU1LJHULD
SURGXFHNJEDJVRIIORXUSHUGD\DQGVWRSSUHVHQWO\
X DQGGDLU\SURGXFWV>@
WR SURGXFH VHPROLQD DQG ZKHDW RIIDO EHFDXVH RI WKHLU QRQ
,QDIHZ\HDUVWKHFRPSDQ\KDVJURZQVLJQLILFDQWO\DQGKDV EHHQ DEOH WR REWDLQ D VLJQLILFDQW LQFUHDVH LQ LWV PDUNHW VKDUH DQG UDSLGO\ JDLQHG ZLGHVSUHDG IDPH IRU LWV SURGXFWV 7KH FRPSDQ\V DQQXDO SURGXFWLRQ FDSDFLW\ LV DERXW PLOOLRQ
V
OLWHUVRIMXLFHVEHYHUDJHVDQGPLON7KHFRPSDQ\PDUNHWVLWV SURGXFWVLQ6DXGL$UDELD&RRSHUDWLRQ&RXQFLO7KURXJKPRUH WKDQ RXWOHWV LQ DQG RXWVLGH WKH .LQJGRP >@ 7KH FRPSDQ \ XVHV WKHODWHVW WHFKQRORJ\ WR SURGXFH KLJKTXDOLW\ SURGXFWV 6DXGL RZQV D VWDWHRIWKHDUW IDFWRU\ RQH
RSWLPDOLW\ WR HQDEOH WKH FRPSDQ\ PD[LPL]H SURILW 6DXUDY
W
DQG $VKLVK ZRUNHG WR XVH VHQVLWLYLW\ DQDO\VLV LQ RUGHU
U\
RI WKH ODUJHVWIDFWRULHVLQWKH0LGGOH(DVW,WRSHUDWHVWKHODWHVWKLJK
WR
RI
O WHFKQRORJ\ LQ WKH ZRUOG ZLWK WKH PRVW PRGHUQ SURGXFWLRQ YDULDWLRQV RQ WKH SURGXFWLRQYROXPH>@
N OLQHVWKDWDUHIXOO\FRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHSODQVWRPHHWWKH
,,, 352%/(067$7(0(17
M QHHGV
7KH&RPSDQ\KDVSURGXFHGVRPHNLQGRIQDWXUDOMXLFHZLWK
XL DQGUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHPDUNHW7KHFRPSDQ\DOVRKDVODUJH
GLIIHUHQW IODYRUV VXFK DV SLQHDSSOH RUDQJH IUXLW FRFNWDLO
F ZDUHKRXVHVDQGVDOHVRIILFHVWKURXJKRXWWKH.LQJGRP
PDQJR DSSOH JUDSH SRPHJUDQDWH VWUDZEHUULHV JXDYD DQG
H
EDQDQDDVVKRZQLQ7DEOH,,QDGGLWLRQWKHDYHUDJHFRVWDQG
,, /,7(5$785(5(9,(:
VL
VHDOLQJE\GROODUIRUDOOSURGXFWVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH,,7KH
7KHUH DUH PDQ\ UHVHDUFKHV GRQH LQ IRRG LQGXVWU\ ,W
F
DYDLODEOHTXDQWLW\RIUDZPDWHULDOVLQLQYHQWRU\WKDWFRPS
LV QHFHVVDU\ WR UHYLHZ VRPH RI WKHVH ZRUNV 7KHVH GD\V
H
DQ\ XVHG WR SURGXFH LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ,,, 7KHUH DUH VRPH
WKH PRVW RIWHQ XVHG GHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ WRROV LQ
F LQVXIILFLHQW UHVRXUFHV DYDLODEOH VR WKH LVVXH GHSHQGV RQ WKH
LQGXVWULDO LV /3
U
PRVWSURILFLHQWPHWKRGWRVHWWOHRQZKLFKUHVRXUFHVZRXOGEH
ZKLFKKHOSPDQJHUVDQGDGPLQLVWUDWLRQIRUYDULRXVIHDWXUHV
H
WR GHDO ZLWK SURGXFWLRQ DQG RWKHU LQGXVWU\ RSHUDWLRQV DVVLJQHGWRJHWWKHEHVWRXWFRPH7KLVRXWFRPHPD\LGHQWLI\
D
>@ %DORJXQ HW DO ZRUNHG RQ WR PD[LPL]H SURILW ZLWK WKH /3
PF
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(3) 2018 467 ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Vol:12, No:3, 2018
PDQ\DSSOLFDWLRQVLQSURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOHV>@ DOJRULWKP
ZKLFKLVSDUDPHWULF/3VHQVLWLYLW\DQDO\VLV
7$%/(,
7+($028172)5$:0$7(5,$/6)25$//352'8&76
9 '$7$&2//(&7,21
Open Science Index, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10008981
6RGLXP&DUERK\GUDW :DWH
7KH GDWD ZHUH FROOHFWHG IURP WKH FRPSDQ\ ZHEVLWH
)ODYRXUV H 'LHWDU\ 6XJDU U
/LWWHU DQG
NJ .J )LEHUV.J .J V
3LQHDSSOH PDQDJHPHQWLQFOXGLQJWKHDPRXQWRIUDZPDWHULDOVQHHG
HGWR
2UDQJH
)UXLW&RFNWDL
O
0DQJR
$SSOH
*UDSH
3RPHJUDQDW
H
6WUDZEHUULHV
*XDYD
%DQDQD
7$%/(,,
$9(5$*(&267$1'6(//,1*2)$&5$7(2)($&+352'8&7
$YHUDJH&RVW6 $YHUDJH6HOOLQJ6
3URGXFWV 5 5 3URILW65
3LQHDSSOH
2UDQJH
)UXLW&RFNWDLO
0DQJR
$SSOH
*UDSH
3RPHJUDQDWH
6WUDZEHUULHV
*XDYD
%DQDQD
7$%/(,,,
48$17,7<2)5$:0$7(5,$/6$9$,/$%/(,1672&.
5DZPDWHULDOV 4XDQWLW\DYDLODEOH
6RGLXPNJ
&DUERK\GUDWHNJ
'LHWDU\)LEUHVNJ
6XJDUNJ
:DWHU/LWHUV
WKHDYDLODEOHTXDQWLW\ RI UDZ PDWHULDOV KROGV LQ VWRFN
S
;;;;;;
DQG WKH DYHUDJH FRVW DQG
U
;;;;
VHDOLQJLQ6DXGLUL\DO65IRUDOOSURGXFWV6RPHDVVXPSWLRQV
R
KDYHEHHQPDGHIRUXQDYDLODEOHGDWD &RQVWUDLQW7KHDPRXQWRIFDUERK\GUDWHXVHGWRSURGXF
G
H
XF 9, )2508/$7,212)352%/(0 SURGXFWVLQ.J7KHDPRXQWRIWKHUDZPDWHULDOVKRXOGEHOHV
V
H A. Define the Decision Variables
WKDQWKH.JWKDWLVDYDLODEOHIRUSURGXFWLRQ
D 3LQHDSSO
; H
ER ;;;;;;
; 2UDQJH
W )UXLW&RFNWDL ;;;;
; O
W ; 0DQJR
&RQVWUDLQW 7KH DPRXQW RI 'LHW )LEHUV XVHG WR
;$SSOH
O ; *UDSH SURGXFH SURGXFWV LQ .J 7KH DPRXQW RI WKH UDZ PDWHULDO
3RPHJUDQDW
H ; H WKH UDZ
6WUDZEHU
RI PDWHULDOVKRXOGEHOHVVWKDQWKH.JWKDWLVDYDLODEOHIRU
; U\
; *XDYD SURGXFWLRQ
H
; %DQDQD
D 7KHGHILQLWLRQRIWKHGHFLVLRQYDULDEOHLPSOLH ;;;;;; ;;;;;;
FK V
W ;;;;;;
;;;;
V = ;;;;;;
;;;;
$ &RQVWUDLQW7KHDPRXQWRIZDWHUXVHGWRSURGXFHIUR
C. Formulate Constraints P
O
&RQVWUDLQW 7KH DPRXQW RI VRGLXP XVHG WR SURGXFH
V
SURGXFWVLQ.J7KHDPRXQWRIWKHUDZPDWHULDOVKRXOGEHOHV
R
V WKDQWKH.JWKDWLVDYDLODEOHIRUSURGXFWLRQ
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(3) 2018 468 ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Vol:12, No:3, 2018
SURGXFWVLVLQXQLWVRI/LWHUV7KHDPRXQWRIZDWHUVKRXOGE
H OHVVWKDQWKH/LWHUVWKDWLVDYDLODEOHIRUSURGXFWLRQ
;;;;;;
;;;;
PD[;;;;;; )LJ/,1'2RXWSXWIRUREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQUDQJHV
;;;;
67
;;;;;;
Open Science Index, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10008981
;;;;
;;;;;;
;;;;
;;;;;;
;;;;
;;;;;;
;;;;
;;;;;;
;;;;
)LJ/,1'2RXWSXWIRUREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQDQGGHFLVLRQYDULDE
OH
YDOXHV
UREOHP ZDV LQFUHDVHV ;¶V REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW E\ H[DFWO\ 65
I WZR SURGXFWV WKDW VKRXOG EH SURGXFHG DUH PDQJR OHDVW RQH RI ZKLFK ZLOO KDYH ;DV D EDVLF YDULDEOH ,I WKH
W DQG DSSOH MXLFH 7KH FRPSDQ\ VKRXOG SURGXFH FUDWHV FRPSDQ\ LQFUHDVHV ;¶V REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ
W PLQWDQGOLPHDQGNLZL
WKHIROORZLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ
K 7KH GDWD ZLOO EH IRUPXODWHG LQWR LQWHUYDO
H REMHFWLYH /3 SUREOHP 7KH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI LQWHUYDO
&KDQJLQJWKHREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQFRHIILFLHQW
S 'HWHUPLQLQJZKLFKYDULDEOHVDUHEDVLFDQGZKLFKRQHVDUH REMHFWLYH /3 WR
P JLYHVWKHUDQJHRIYDOXHVIRUDQREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQFRHIILFLHQW FRPSDQ\KDVVRPHFRQVWUDLQWVWRSURGXFHWKLVNLQGRIPL[HG
H IRU ZKLFK WKH FXUUHQW EDVLV UHPDLQV RSWLPDO &XUUHQWO\ ; MXLFH DQG ZDQWV WR KDYH HIILFLHQW DQG RUJDQL]HG
LF FXUUHQW REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW IRU ; LV 7KH SDUDPHWULF /3 DOJRULWKP IRU WKH FXVWRPHU GHPDQGV >@ $O
/3 DOORZDEOHLQFUHDVHWKDW LVVKRZQLQ)LJ 5DELH )RRG &R UHTXLUHV WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI IRXU ERWWOHV RI
P LOOXVWUDWHVWKDW WKH FRHIILFLHQW RI ; LQ WKH ZDWHUPHORQ DQG URVH DQG RQH ERWWOH RI EHUU\ PL[ ZLOO EH
H REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ OLHV EHWZHHQ DQG 7KH YDOXHV RI DW PRVW WHQ ERWWOHV $OVR WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI RQH ERWWOH
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(3) 2018 469 ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Vol:12, No:3, 2018
OHDVW
)LJ2XWSXWRIWKHFRPSDQ\ZKHQLQWHUYDOLV
WZHOYHERWWOHVRIWKHQDWXUDOMXLFH$OVRWKHSURGXFWLRQRIRQH
ERWWOH RI OHPRQ DQG PLQW PLQXV ILYH ERWWOHV RI OLPH DQG NLZL )LJVKRZVWKHRXWSXWRIWKHFRPSDQ\ZKHQLQWHUYDOLV WKH
ZLOO UHVXOW LQ DW PRVW IRXU ERWWOHV LQ WRWDO )LQDOO\ WKH FRPSDQ\ VKRXOG SURGXFH WKUHH ERWWOHV RI ZDWHUPHORQ DQG
SURGXFWLRQRI RQHERWWOH RIOHPRQDQG PLQWDQGRQHERWWOHRI URVH WZR ERWWOHV RI EHUU\ PL[ DQG HLJKW ERWWOHV RI OLPH
OLPHDQGNLZLZLOOUHVXOWLQDWPRVWHLJKWERWWOHVRIWKHQDWXUD
DQG
O MXLFH
'HWHUPLQLQJWKHSURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOHIRU$O5DELH)RRG&RL
Open Science Index, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10008981
ZDWHUPHORQDQGURVHSURGXFHG;EHWKHQXPEHURIERWWOHV
A. Mixed Juice
0D[= S;S;S;
S;
6XEMHFWWR
;;
;;
;;;
;;
;;
;L
/,1'2VRIWZDUHZDVXVHGWRVROYHSUREOHPVZKHQLQWHUYD
O SDUDPHWULFYDOXHSZDV
VKRXOGVWRS SURGXFLQJ OHPRQ DQG PLQW ,W LV DOVR
N
SUHVHQWHG WKDW WKH FRHIILFLHQW RI ; LQ WKH REMHFWLYH
LZ
IXQFWLRQ OLHV EHWZHHQ DQG 7KH YDOXHV RI WKH GHFLVLRQ
L
YDULDEOHV UHPDLQ XQFKDQJHG 3URGXFLQJ RI RQH ERWWOH RI
W
ZDWHUPHORQ DQG URVH UHPDLQV RSWLPDO HYHQ LI WKH
RJ
SURILW RQ ZDWHUPHORQ DQG URVH LV QRW DFWXDOO\ EXW
H
OLHV EHWZHHQ DQG 7KH VDPH
W
FRQVLGHUDWLRQVFDQEHGUDZQIRU;;DQG; 9,,,6800$5<
D
7KH YDULDEOHV ZKLFK DUH FXUUHQWO\ ]HUR PXVW EH LPSURYHG ,WLVFOHDUWKDWZKHQWKHSDUDPHWHUYDOXHVDUHLQFUHDVH
Q
EHIRUH WKH\ EHFRPH QRQ]HUR )RU H[DPSOH WKH QRQEDVLF GWKH YDOXHV RI WKH REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ DUH LQFUHDVHG )RU
H
YDULDEOH;KDVDUHGXFHGFRVWRI657KLVLPSOLHVWKDWLI FRPSDQ\ H[DPSOH
V
LQFUHDVHV ;¶V REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW E\ H[DFWO\ 65 WKH FRPSDQ\ VKRXOG SURGXFH WKUHH ERWWOHV RI ZDWHUPHORQ
W
WKHQ WKHUH ZLOO EH DOWHUQDWLYH RSWLPDO VROXWLRQV DW DQG URVH WZR ERWWOHV RI EHUU\ PL[ DQG HLJKW ERWWOHV RI
LP
OHDVW RQH RI ZKLFK ZLOO KDYH ;DV D EDVLF YDULDEOH ,I FRPSDQ\ OLPH DQG NLZL WR JHW WKH HVWLPDWHG SURILW :KHQ WKH
D
LQFUHDVHV ;¶V REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ SDUDPHWHU LV LQFUHDVHG WR WKH FRPSDQ\ VKRXOG SURGXFH
W
FRHIILFLHQWE\PRUHWKDQ65WKHQDQ\RSWLPDOVROXWLRQWR WZR ERWWOHV RI ZDWHUPHORQ DQG URVH WZR ERWWOHV RI EHUU\
H
WKH/3ZLOOKDYH;DVDEDVLFYDULDEOH&RPSDQ\PXVWNHHSD FORVH PL[ RQH ERWWOH RI OHPRQ DQG PLQW DQG HLJKW ERWWOHV RI
G
ZDWFK RQ ;¶V REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW EHFDXVH D OLPH DQG NLZL ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH HVWLPDWHG SURILW ZLOO EH
S
VOLJKWLQFUHDVHZLOOFKDQJHWKH/3¶VRSWLPDOVROXWLRQDVVKRZ LQFUHDVHG WR 65 7KH UHVXOW VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ,9 SUHVHQWV
U
Q LQ7DEOH,9 WKH YDOXH RI REMHFWLYH
RI
/,1'2VRIWZDUHKDVEHHQXVHGWRVROYHWKHSDUDPHWUL IXQFWLRQ=IRUHDFKLQWHUYDO,WLVVKRZQWKDWLIWKHSDUDPHWHU
L
F/3 YDOXHVDUHLQFUHDVHGWKHQWKHYDOXHVRIWKHREMHFWLYHIXQF
W
SUREOHPIURPWRDQGJRWWKHUHVXOWVDUHVKRZQLQ7D
WLRQ ZLOO EH LQFUHDVHG :KHQ WKLV SUREOHP ZDV VROYHG LW
RI
EOH
ZDV QRWLFHGWKDWWKLVPHWKRGRI/3ZKLFKLVSDUDPHWULF/3ZRXOG
6
,9
EH D JRRG RSWLRQ IRU DQ\ FRPSDQ\ WKDW ZDQWV WR KDYH WKH
5
7$%/(,9 SHUIHFWSURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOH
D
7+(3$5$0(75,&/3352%/(0)52072
Q
3DUDPHWHUS ; ; ; ;0D[=65
G
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(3) 2018 470 ISNI:0000000091950263
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
,; &21&/86,21
International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Vol:12, No:3, 2018
RUJDQL]HG
SURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOHVKRXOGDSSO\WKHSDUDPHWULF/3DOJRULW
Open Science Index, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 waset.org/Publication/10008981
WR
LGHQWLI\WKHSURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOHRIDFRPSDQ\IDVWHUDQGP
RUH DFFXUDWHO\
5()(5(1&(6
>@ $O5DELH)RRG&RKWWSZZZDOUDELHFRPHQJOLVKSURGXFWVSKS"LG
ORFDO
>@ )DJR\LQER 6 $NLQER < $MLERGH $ DQG 2ODQLUDQ $ 0D[LPL]DWLRQ RI SURILW LQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HFKQRORJ\(GXFDWLRQDQG(QYLURQPHQW&RQIHUHQFH
>@ 'LY\D16RPH$SSOLFDWLRQVRI6LPSOH[0HWKRG,QWHUQDWLRQDO
-RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ 5HVHDUFK DQG 5HYLHZV ,661 ;
2QOLQH 9RO ,VVXH SS 0RQWK -DQXDU\ 0DUFK
$YDLODEOHDWZZZUHVHDUFKSXEOLVKFRP
>@ 6DXUDY ' DQG $VKLVK 6 6HQVLWLYLW\ DQDO\VLV DQG RSWLPDO
SURGXFWLRQVFKHGXOLQJDVDGXDOSKDVHVLPSOH[PRGHO,QGLDQMRXUQDORI
FRPSXWHUVFLHQWLVWV9RO,,,0(&60DUFK+RQJ
.RQJ,6%1
>@ ,KHDJZDUD , 2SDUD - (VHPRNXPR $ DQG /HEHFKL ,
$SSOLFDWLRQRI/LQHDU3URJUDPPLQJ3UREOHPRQ1LJHU0LOOV&RPSD
Q\ 3/& &DODEDU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI ,QQRYDWLRQ DQG
5HVHDUFK LQ (GXFDWLRQDO6FLHQFHV9ROXPH,VVXH,6612QOLQH±
&RQVWUDLQW&RHIILFLHQW0DWUL[LQ/LQHDU3URJUDPV(5,05HSRUW6HUL
@
HV UHIHUHQFHQXPEHU(56/,63XEOLFDWLRQ2FWREHU
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 12(3) 2018 471 ISNI:0000000091950263