Ragas PDF

Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -3, Issue- 4, Aug. 2016, ISSN: 2394 - 8124

Impact Factor : 4.564 (2015)
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
Empirical Study of Indian Classical Ragas Structure

and its Emotional Influence on Human Body For
Music Therapy
A.A.Bardekar, Ajay.A.Gurjar
A.A.Bardekar, Department of Information Technology Sipna College of Engineering and Technology Amravati(M.S), India
[email protected]
Ajay.A.Gurjar, Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Sipna College of Engineering and Technology Amravati(M.S), India
[email protected]
Abstract---Before some decades, ancient Indian classical musical guide lines. This is kind of a grey area when it comes to
maestros affirmed that, ragas influences emotions of human being differentiating between a few Sanskrit words that start with
by changing the resonance of human body.Some ragas like darbari “ra”, like ranj, which means to colour with emotion. In Indian
kanada, khamaj and pooriya are found to help in defusing mental classical music, a raga is performed at a set time of day or
tension, particularly in the case of hysterics. Raga malhar Pacifies season with the intention of evoking specific moods within the
anger, excessive mental, excitement & mental instability, Raga
jaijaivanti have also been pound effective in curing mental
listener and self very much like theatre and paintings, which
disorders and calming the mind.Although it is require to verify this were closely related mediums of communication. Each different
raga correlation systematically. By survey, it has been seen that no raga holds its own set of rules upon which the melody relies and
schemes have demonstrated yet. In the light of above discussion, respects. There are rules for upward directions of the scale,
the proposed research presented in this paper is aimed to discover “aahroh,” and downward movements, “aavroh”; rules that
the science behind phonetics of raga and its effects on nerve specify phrases to use and to avoid and which notes to use
system. This research is one step to explore scientifically the sparingly and often. The character of the raga is defined by the
ancient way of alternative medicine i.e. raga therapy, which is a order and sequence of these notes and, just as importantly,
need of the day since current advances in technology and rising subtle grace-notes called gamakas[2].
workload on human being is accompanied by stress. This research
focuses on to study the influence of Indian classical ragas structure
Emotions give meaning to our lives. No aspect of our
on human body while person is listening and experiencing an mental life is more important to the quality and meaning of our
emotion in it by capturing EEG signals. The brainwave signals existence than emotions. They make life worth living, or
database will be collected and analyze. This research work sometimes ending. The English word “emotion” is derived from
addresses these objectives and aims to present a strong case which the French word ‘emouvoir’ which means ‘move’. Great
will help medical practitioners like psychiatrist, to treat patient by classical philosophers Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Descartes
injecting music stimulus. conceived emotion as responses to certain sorts of events
triggering bodily changes and typically motivating
Keywords: Music therapy, Emotion, raga and emotions, EEG, characteristics behavior[3]. Traditionally music is said to evoke
Brainwave Signals. seven basic emotions: sadness, romance, peace,
strength/courage, anger, dispassion, devotion. Each raag elicits
I. INTRODUCTION a unique emotional state (rasa) consisting of one or more of
In our daily life human being generally come across these emotions [4].
stress resulting in various physical and psychological ailments.
A. Emotions and Ragas
Ancient Indian tradition provides various therapies such causes
like yoga, meditation and raga chikitsa. Raga chikitsa was an Each raga is uniquely defined by its pitch collection
ancient manuscript which dealt with the therapeutic effects of and characteristic phrase. Each raga has some mood associated
raga. Some ragas like darbari kanada, khamaj and pooriya are with it that can be related to its pitches and their relations one
found to help in defusing mental tension, particularly in the case with another. Certain pitch classes commonly occur in ragas
of hysterics. Raga malhar Pacifies anger, excessive mental, conveying a particular kind of emotion. The pitch set of a raga
excitement & mental instability, Raga jaijaivanti have also been and its characteristic phrase establish the flavor or mood of the
pound effective in curing mental disorders and calming the raga. It is a well-accepted notion that there are 11 basic moods
mind [1]. In Sanskrit ‘Raga’, literally means “colour” or (based on "Raga, the soul of classical music") in North Indian
“mood” similar to rasa but involving specific musical rules or
1
Classical Music that can be depicted through a combination of 1. karuna, 2.shringar,3.shanta4.veer,5.raudra,6 vyragya,
music, dance and poetry: 7. bhakti, 8.bhayanak,9.hasya,10.bibhatsa,11.adbhuta.
Music alone cannot convey all 11 sentiments and
its scope is limited to the first 7 moods. Each raga or ragini is associated with a definite mood
or sentiment that nature arouses in human beings. The
The ten parent classes are: ancient musicologists were particularly interested in
1. Bhairav - An early morning raga usually played at the effects of musical notes, how it affected and
daybreak. enhanced human behavior. Music had the power to
2. Bhairavi - A morning raga often played at the finale cure, to make you feel happy, sad, disgusted and so on.
of any musical performance. Extensive research was carried out to find out these
3. Asavari - A morning raga popularly known as a effects. This formed the basis of time theory as we
romantic raga. know it today. Aligned with the emotional and
4. Todi –A morning raga meditative in nature. psychological effect of music on the human mind, the
5. Kafi - This raga does not have a performance time, semitones or Shrutis of the octave were named
known for its shringar (romantic) mood. according to subtle shades of different sentiments,
6. Marwa - A raga played around dusk bringing about feelings and emotions. The Ragas and Raginis emerge
an ascetic mood. as the suggestive sound images of these sentiments,
7. Purvi - An afternoon raga conveying a mood of emotions and passions[6].
serenity. Western classical music is based on harmonic
8. Khamaj - An evening raga, often used in semi- relations between notes, while Hindustani music (HM)
classical and folk music owing to its lilting is based on melodic mode (raga) structures within
character. rhythmic cycles. Hence, these two forms of "music
9. Kalyan - An evening raga used to convey may demand qualitatively different cognitive
descriptions of beauty. engagements. Each raga in HM, conventionally
10. Bilawal - A morning raga that conveys joy [5]. assigned to a corresponding rasa/emotion is known
consistently evoke a certain emotion. The artist
B.Raga and Time of day exploits her creativity and elaborates melodic
framework to bring out the rasa or the emotion [7].
One of the unique characteristics of Indian
music is the assignment of definite times of the day and C .Raaga Structure
night for performing Raga melodies. It is believed that
only in this period the Raga appears to be at the height a)Raag Yaman for Peace ,Happiness is traditionally
of its melodic beauty and majestic splendor. There are performed only during the early evening. It conveys a
some Ragas which are very attractive in the early hours mood that is serene, calm,and peaceful and at the same
of the mornings; others which appeal in the evenings, time joyful and lively. In the South Indian music
yet others which spread their fragrance only near the tradition, the counterpart of Raag Yaman, with the
midnight hour. There are Ragas associated with the same melodic structure, is called Raag Kalyani.The
rainy season (Raga Megha and Raga Malhar), the notes in a Raag Yaman roughly correspond to the
autumn season (Raga Basant) and the spring following notes in the western scale, in the key of D:
season (Raga Bahar). Seasonal Ragas can be sung and Thaat : Kalyan
played any time of the day and night during the season Aaroha : Sa Re Ga Ma(Kori Ma/trivra Ma i.e. Ma#)
allotted to them. The obligation of time in case of such Pa Dha Ni Sa
melodies is relaxed. This connection of time of the day Avroha : Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma((Kori Ma/trivra Ma i.e.
or night, with the Raga or Raginis is based on daily Ma#)) Ga Re Sa
cycle of changes that occur in our own moods and Pakad : Ni-Re-Ga-/Re-Ma(Kori Ma/trivra Ma i.e.
emotions which are constantly undergoing subtle Ma#)-Pa- /Ma(Kori Ma/trivra Ma i.e. Ma#-Pa-
changes in that different moments of the day arouse Dha/Dha-Ni- Sa'(upper octave)
and stimulate different moods and emotions. The Vaadi :Ga
mental and emotional responses in the autumn or Samvaad:i Ni
winter or during the rainy season are different from the Prahar (Time): Night (Pratham Prahar)
spring. Scheduling playing times of ragas has a variety
of advantages. It fits the mood of the raga with our own b)Raag Todi is mostly pervaded by a pensive,
mood, thus forming a fusion of body and soul. It also mournful mood.
creates a definite space of time hence making it
possible for various ragas to get a turn at performance.
2
Arohana and no adrenaline and increase levels of atrial

S r g M+ d N S' or natriuretic peptide a potent antihypertensive hormone
'd 'N S r g M+ d N S' or produced by the artia of the heart.
S r g M+ d P, M+ d N S' or Brain anatomy researchers have postulated
S r g M+ P, M+ d N S' that music affects brain function in at least two ways:it
acts as nonverbal medium that can move through the
Avarohana auditory cortex directly to the limbic system(an
S' N d P M+ g r s or important part of emotional response system)and it
S N d P M+ d M+ g r g r S may stimulate release of endorphins thereby allowing
these polypeptides to act on specific receptors[9].
Music is an integral part of human existence. People
Vadi: Komal Dha
have made and listened to music for centuries.
Different rhythms and tones evoke different responses
Samavadi: Komal Ga in different people while someone may feel nostalgia
upon hearing a certain song or piece of music, someone
Pakad:r/g-\r\S else may feel happiness, sadness, or anger. However,
Prahar(Time):late morning relatively little research has been done until recently
regarding how music affects the brain what parts of the
A basic and one of the oldest socio-cognitive brain process it, if different kinds of music activate
domains of the human species is music. Listening to different parts of the brain, why music evokes an
music regularly helps keep the neurons and synapses emotional response to name only a few questions. To
more active. Neurological studies have identified that understand music’s impact on emotions and the brain,
music is a valuable tool for evaluating the brain system. it is important to first have a basic understanding of
It has been observed that different parts of the brain are what parts of the brain regulate emotion, and if separate
involved in processing music. They include the parts of the brain regulate different emotions. Recent
auditory cortex, frontal cortex, cerebral cortex and research suggests that there are numerous brain
even the motor cortex. The first step in modeling any systems responsible for emotional responses, and
phenomenon is data collection, we need to design there are specific systems for different basic emotions.
experiment methodologies that successfully induce The part of the brain that is most commonly associated
emotions in a laboratory settings where in we can with emotion is the amygdala. There is actually a
record and collect psychological data. The objective of system, consisting of three different parts of the
this study is to analyze the effect of Indian classical prefrontal cortex that are connected to the amygdala
music on brain activity during normal relaxing that is thought to be responsible for emotions. The parts
conditions using electroencephalography (EEG)[7]. of the brain that are involved the dorsolateral, the
medial, and the orbitofrontal cortex are thought to
II. LITERATURE SURVEY regulate decision-making and negative emotions, as
well assessing the appropriate emotional response to a
Indian music is based on the raga system. situation[10].Some 20 years ago davidson et al.
when we go through the literature related to acoustic suggested that the left frontal area is involved in the
and carnatic music, very little is available about the experience of positive emotions such as joy and
physics of raga. In acoustic we come across terms like happiness. In contrast, the right frontal region is
frequency, amplitude, loudness, pitch, velocity, timbre, involved in the experience of negative emotions such
quality etc. Musical sound has three identifying as fear, angry and sadness. Musical stimuli are
characteristics, loudness, pitch and considered positive or negative in valence elicited
timbre(quality).Loudness is power as it depends on the asymmetric frontal EEG activity. Schimdt and Trainor
amplitude or the intensity of the corresponding wave investigated patterns of EEG actively induced by
and is measured in decibels. The pitch of a sound is musical excerption in a group of undergraduates. They
determined mainly by its frequency and is measure of found greater left and right frontal activity during
how “high” or “low” a tone is and is measured in music listening to pleased and unpleasant music [11].
hertz(Hz).The third identifying feature ,timbre stems Various measures can be used to track related
from the fact that musical sound are made up of many physiological responses such as
different sound waves. Timbre (quality) essentially electromyography(Ema) blood volume pressure (BVP)
depends on the number intensity and distribution of the and galvanic skin response (GSR) [12].
harmonics components of a tone [8].A number of Shown here in concert C, the ten common thaats are:
studies have shown that music affects emotions and 1. KALYAN: C D E F# G A B.
mood states as well as performance. It also has been 2. BILAVAL: C D E F G A B.
shown that listening to different types of music can 3. KHAMAJ: C D E F G A Bb
lower levels of the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline 4. BHAIRAV: C Db E F G Ab B
All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com
3
5. PURVI: C Db E F# G Ab B In India, saint musician Thyagaraja is said to

6. MARVA: C Db E F# G A B have brought a dead person back to life with Bilahari
7. KAFI: C D Eb F G A Bb raaga, and in our own times Pt Omkarnath Thakur is
8. ASAVARI: C D Eb F G Ab Bb said to have cured Mussolini of his insomnia with a
9. BHAIRAVI: C Db Eb F G Ab Bb song[ 20].Thakur began with hindolam raag , which
10. TODI: C Db Eb F# G Ab B.[2] depicts valor. “When I was soaring in the high notes of
A. Linking Emotion, EEG & Music the rāga,” he later recalled, “Mussolini suddenly said
‘Stop!’ I opened my eyes and found that he was
Recent efforts is using more adequate sweating heavily. His face was pink and his eyes
measures of larger parts of the recorded Electro- looked like burning coals. A few minutes later his
Encephalographic (EEG) dynamic information have visage gained normalcy and he said ‘A good
proved more successful [12]. Emotions are not just experiment.”After Thakur brought him to tears with
what are displayed. In psychology an explicit rāga chayanat, which is meant to depict pathos,
separation is made between the physiological arousal,
Mussolini said, after taking some time to recover,
the behavioral expression (affect) & the conscious
“Very valuable and enlightening demonstration about
experience of an emotion (feeling) [15].Music at
different pitches elicits exceptionally emotions and is the power of Indian music.”[21]
capable of reliably affecting the mood of individuals
which is turn changes the brain activity [16].The B. ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAM(EEG)
frequencies of notes used in music lie between 30hz The language of communication with the
to5000hz.This frequency range is divided into many nervous system is electric. Electroencephalography
octaves. In western music we have the notes (EEG) is a tool for measuring electrical activity
C,C#,D,D#,E,F,F#,G,G#,A,A# and B. The frequency generated in the brain, which opens a window for
of these notes is fixed, middle octave C4 is 261.63, C#4 exploring neural activity and brain functioning. The
is 277.18 etc. In music shruti ordinally refers to EEG signal is measured using electrodes placed on the
frequency. It can be said as a group of frequencies with scalp, which .record the electrical field generated by
varying amplitudes, but one with maximum amplitude the nerve cells Changes in the brain’s electrical activity
will represents a shruti. Gamaka (Arohana and occur very quickly, and extremely high time resolution
Avarohana) shakes the notes (swara) resulting in a is required to determine the precise moments at which
musical effect. The individual shade and color of raga these electrical events take place. Today’s EEG
becomes clear only with proper usage of the technology can accurately detect brain activity at a
gamakas.Gamaka plays a vital part in Indian music, resolution of a single millisecond even less unlike other
and they determine the melodic part of a raga [8]. electrical recording devices that require inserting
Depending on the way sound waves are electrodes into the brain, EEG electrodes are simply
listened to or pronounced, they have an impact in the stuck onto the scalp. In addition, EEG equipment is
way the neurological (brain nerve) system works in relatively inexpensive compared with other devices
human body. Neurological studies have indentified that and simple to operate. Another way that researchers
music is a valuable tool for evaluating the brain system. use EEG signals for studying the brain is to examine
The frontal EEG coherence increased during verbal responses to stimuli and other events. This method is
learning with musical template. Under the influences based on the assumption that when a particular event
of alpha music, great reduction in feelings of stress and occurs we see a familiar face, for instance, something
or increased sense of physical relaxation was observed. changes in the brain’s regular activity. A series of
Music evoked emotions can modulate activity in all particular responses to a stimulus can indicate the time
limbic and para-limbic brain structures. These brain course of various neural processes invoked in order to
structures are involved in the initiation, generation, process the stimulus, understand it, and decide on the
detection, maintenances regulation and termination of appropriate reaction. In this way, researchers can
emotions that have survival value for the individual & compare the brain’s responses to various types of
species [16]. stimuli, or its activities as we perform certain tasks, and
The acoustic cues that differentiable emotions then draw conclusions about the .different brain
cover virtually all aspects of musical structure and processes involved in each of these situation [19].
include both structural what is given by the composer
and performance characteristics e.g. sadness is EEG rhythms are classified into four basic types:
conveyed by quiet low, legato articulation timing, (i) Delta (1/2 - 4 cycles per second),
where as happiness or joy is conveyed by high pitched, (ii)Theta (4-7 cycles per second),
fast staccato features & small variations from metrical (iii)Alpha (8-13 cycles per second), and
timing music bears some relation to emotion in the rise (iv)Beta (13-40 cycles per second.
and fall of tension in music [17].
4
It has been observed that pleasant music Delta is the place of deepest relaxation, deepest
produces a decrease in the alpha power at the left healing, deepest spiritual connection and deepest
frontal lobe and unpleasant music produces decrease in connection with the subconscious mind.
the alpha power at the right frontal lobe. When subjects Each of us can use brainwave entrainment to
listen to pleasant music, changes occur in the EEG achieve a variety of results. You may want to target a
pattern, and there is an increase in the frontal midline specific brainwave frequency range to help you relax.
(Fm) theta power.Listening to music increases the On the other hand you may want to increase you
power at theta and alpha frequencies of the human creative energy, improve your memory, deepen your
EEG. Selecting the right type of music is thus sleep or get better results when playing a sport[18].
important because the EEG spectral power depends on
the intensity and style of music[7]. III. OBJECTIVES
The Five Categories of Brainwaves
1.Beta brainwaves(14 to 32 Hz alert, focused) The Goal of this research work is to explore,
Features and Benefits of a Beta State: This is the a) To collect the database of different Indian
brainwave for, classical ragas sung by experts of different age
• Increased concentration and alertness group.
• Improved logic, reasoning and critical b) To convert time series of raga to frequency
thinking domain using time-frequency analysis.
c) To study EEG pattern of human subject listening
• Feelings of anxiety, stress, scary unfocused
the raga within a focus on Alpha, Beta Theta and
thought.
Delta frequency bands.
d) To correlate sequence of notes in raga within
2. Alpha brainwaves (7 to 14 Hz relaxed,
frequency deviation of EEG, to understand
meditative)
which raga structure elicit specific emotion such
Features and Benefits of an Alpha State: Our brain
as Peace, Happiness, Cheerful, Sadness and
hemispheres become naturally synchronized, or in-
Depressed.
phase with each other.
• Enables us to remember our dreams and
meditative states.
IV .EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL
• Increased vividness benefits creative
visualization and triggers imagination
A. Feasible Study
• Increased memory retention , concentration
& focus for super learning The research focuses on to study the influence
Health benefits include: of Indian classical ragas structure on human body
• Reduced anxiety by capturing EEG signals. For this purpose we will
• Alleviates stress and depression require to collect brainwave signals database of
• Reduces chronic pain persons listening to music .By selecting Indian
• Reduction of high blood pressure classical ragas, we will ask person to listen and
• Increased cerebral blood flow experience an emotion in it.
• Increased motivation, energy, and happiness
B. Input Output Specifications
3. Theta brainwaves (3.5 to 7 Hz deep
relaxation) Features and 1) A data of EEG signal samples of different
benefits of Theta brainwaves subjects with and without knowledge of music,
• Increased sense of inner peace and emotional while listening to different ragas.
stability 2) Extracting brain waves and evaluation.
• Deep relaxation 3) Drawing Experimental Result and Conclusion.
• Calms the chatter of your mind
Health benefits of Theta brainwaves V. DESIGN
• Speed healing, improved physical healing
A. Proposed design
• Sleep onset and better more restful sleep
Our brain is made up of billions of brain cells
• Release beneficial hormones related to health called neurons, which use electricity to communicate
and longevity. with each other. The combination of millions of
• Reduce mental fatigue neurons sending signals at once produces an significant
• Reduction of anxiety and stress amount of electrical activity in the brain, which can be
detected using sensitive medical equipment such as an
4. Delta brainwaves (0.1 to 3.5 Hz deep sleep) electroencephalogram (EEG).This electrical activity of
the brain is commonly known as a Brainwave pattern,
5
because of its cyclic, ‘wave-like’ nature. You can train Georgia institute of Technology, Department of Music,
your brain to change your brainwaves by learning Atlanta.
meditation and relaxation techniques. However, it can [5] Shivani yardi,Elaine chew,Giving ragas the Time of day:
take weeks, and for some people even years to Linking structure, emotion and performance time in
North Indian classical Music using the Harmonic
experience the proven and powerful benefits of network, University of California ,Viterbi
brainwave entrainment through meditation alone. school of Engineering, Integrated Media systems
There is also a short cut to getting the best from your center, Proceedings of the 8th International conference
brainwaves by using an audio tone known as binaural on music perception &cognition,Evanston,IL,2004.
beats. Binaural beats effectively entrain and [6] www.ragopedia.com/raga/playtime.html.
synchronize your brainwaves to enhance any specific [7] Shankarsanyal1, Archi Banerjee1, Tarit
brainwave pattern. This allows you to rapidly enter guhathakurta11,Ranjan sengupta1,dipak ghosh1 and
states of relaxation, focus, high-energy, or meditation partha ghose2,” “EEG study on the Neural Patterns of
whenever you want. Brain with Music stimuli: An Evidence of
Hysteresis?”,1 Sir C.V .Raman centre for physics
and music ,Kolkata Centre for Astro particle physics
B. Detailed design and space science(CAPPS), Bose Institute, Kolkata
Due to the high temporal resolution of EEG, it [India],”Proceedings International Seminar on
is possible to study neuronal processes at different time ‘Creating & Teaching Music Patterns,16-18Dec 2013.
scales, that is, frequency bands that are related to [8] Real Time Raga Detection and analysis using computer
different mental functions and most presumably also to ,physics of carnatic music chapter2,
emotional states. The present study aimed to elucidate /bitstream/10603/3751/8/08 chapter02. Pdf,
whether and in which frequency bands EEG would http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in.
raise reliable correlates of emotion processing [9] Rolin McCarty, MA, BobBarrio schoplin, phd, Mike
Atkinson, and Dana Tomasino,BA,,Tension,and mental
[14].With this approach we are performing an clarity,”the effects of music on mood,tension and mental
experimental study to find out while listening to clarity”,The Effects of Different Types of Music on
classical ragas whether emotions are generated and mood” Alternate Therepies, January 1998,vol
how they get induced in human brain. For this purpose 4.no.1.
to analyze emotions we are using an EEG signals [10] www .serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange /node 333.
approach. [11] Konstantino striochidis#1, and Emmaneul Bigand,#2,
dept of music research, cananda,# dept of cognitive
C. Methodology psychology, france, ”EEG based emotion perception
during music listening”, Proceedings of the 12th
The Proposed methodology for EEG Signals
International conference on music perception and 8th
analysis is based on empirical study to find out the EEG Triennial conference of the European society for the
spectra indifferent areas of the brain cortex in the state cognitive sciences of music ,july23-28,2012,greece.
of quiet wakefulness & listening to classical ragas, [12] Scott Mkeig, Grace Leslie, Tim Mullen, Devpratim
subject’s emotional responses will be recorded and Sarma ,Nima Bigdely - Shamlo ,and Christian
analyses will be done to find out which emotion is kothe,”First demonstration of a musical emotion BCI”,
generated by the particular classical ragas structure. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011,swartz center
Some subjects will be chosen and will be asked to listen for computational neuroscience, institute for neural
to classical ragas for some minutes through earphones computation, university of California san diego,USA.
[13] Teacher guide.”Music of india”, The Weil Music
& EEG signals will be recorded & the frequency bands
Institute at Carnegie hall.
(delta, theta ,alpha & beta) with be calculated and result [14] Daniela Sammler, Maren Grigutsch, Thomas Fritz,
will be drawn depending on the variation in the and Stefan Koelsch, “Music and emotion:
frequency bands for a particular emotional response. Electrophysiological correlates of the processing of
pleasant and unpleasant music”, Psychophysiology, 44
(2007), 293–304. Blackwell Publishing Inc. Printed in
REFERENCES the USA.
[15] Z.khalili,M.H.Moradi, ”Emotion detection using brain
[1] www.ragatherapy.blogspot.in. and peripheral signals”, Biomedical Engineering
[2] www.samuelmcclelland.com/files/raga and rasa.pdf. Faculty, Amir kabir University of Technology, Teran,
[3] Alicja Wieczorkowska1,Ashoke kumar Datta 2,Ranjan Iran, Proceedings of the 2008IEEE.
Sengupta 2,Nityananda Dey 2 and Bhaswati mukherji [16] Dr. K. Adalarasu,M. Jagannath, S.
3
, “On Search for Emotion in Hindustani Vocal Naidukeerthig a ramesh,B.Geethanjali,” A Review on
Music”,1 Multimedia Department, influence of music on brain activity using signal
Polish,JapaneseInstituteofinformationTechnology,War processing and Imaging system”, International journal
saw,Poland,2Scientific Research academy, Kolkata,
India,3 Center for Development of Advanced
Computing ,Kolkata,India.
[4] Parag Chordia and Alex Rae, “Understanding Emotion in
Raag:An Empirical Study of Listener Responses”,
6
of engineering&Technology(IJEST),ISSN:0975-
5462,vol.3 no.4 Apr 2011.
[17] L.J.Trainor and L.A.Schmidt,” Processing Emotions
Induced by Music”,chapter 20.
[18] www.zenlama.com/understanding-the-benefits-of-
brainwaves and-binaural-beats-the-ultimate-
quick-start-guide.
[19] www.brain.mada.org.il/articles/faces-e.pdf.
[20] www.anuradhamahesh.wordpress.com/ music therapy.
[21] www.bibliolore.org/2013/05/24/thakur-and- mussolini.

Ragas PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ragas PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ragas PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the rules that define a raga?

What are the proposed objectives of this research?

Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)

Volume -3, Issue- 4, Aug. 2016, ISSN: 2394 - 8124

Empirical Study of Indian Classical Ragas Structure

Arohana and no adrenaline and increase levels of atrial

All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

5. PURVI: C Db E F# G Ab B In India, saint musician Thyagaraja is said to

All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

You might also like