1.

Benefits of Participatory Development

• Coverage- To reach and involve on a wider scale the disadvantaged rural

people through institution building that is the creation of adequate receiving

system at grassroots level as well as of corresponding "delivery system".

• Efficiency- to obtain a cost- efficient design and implementation by

providing ideas, manpower labour and for other resources consequently

project resources are used more efficiently.

• Effectiveness- to the people involved a say in the determination of

objectives and actions and assist in various operations like project

administration monitoring and evaluation .They also obtain more

opportunities to contribute their indigenous knowledge of the local

conditions to the project and thus facilities the diagnosis of environment,

social and institutional constraints as well as the search for viable solutions:

• Adoption of innovations - The benefits can develop greater responsiviness

to new methods of production, technology as well as services offered

• Production - Higher production levels can be achieved while ensuring

more equitable distribution benefits.

• Successful results- More and better outputs and impact are obtained in a

project and thus long-term viability and more solid sustainability by

stressing decentralization, democratic process of decentralization,

democratic process of decision- making and self- help various key problems

can be better solved including recurrent costs cast-sharing with

beneficiaries as well as operation and maintenance.

• Self- reliance- This broad ultimate object embraces all the positive effects

of genuine participation by rural people, self demolishes their over

dependency attitudes enhances

over resources and development efforts. Enable them to plan and implement

efforts at levels beyond their community.

2. ADVANTAGES OF HIGH POPULATION

• Extra demand will be generated. This is likely to stimulate investment and it

may lead to introduction of new technology.

• Size of the market will increase- This should enable firms to take greater

advantage of economies of scale.

• Rise in labour force - More human population provider more workers in a

country both skilled and unskilled in different fields.

• Huge consumer market- In countries with high population companies

would have bigger base for marketing their products.

• Taxable income is high- in countries with high population the government

always gets high taxable income from its citizens through direct indirect

taxes etc.

DISADVANTAGES

• Food shortage unchecked population growth without equal agricultural

advancement to meet it leads to food shortages.

• Poverty shortage - Although the world population is a long way from

being large enough to occupy all the habitable land on earth. Unchecked

population growth can inspire overcrowding and civil unrest. An increase in

population growth would necessitate an investment in development of less

desirable areas on earth to meet the space demand.

• Aging Dependency - the world's growing population includes a large and

dependent aging segment in the united states the aging population defined

by people over an 80 percent increase from 2000. Changes in population

certain population and how it allocates resources for such care.

• Deforestation- high population lead to the clearing of forest so as to

provide settlement to the people.

Any subside huge debts on gout- This is because the more peoples are buying

goods from a company subsidized by the gout the more the gout was a lot of

money to pay the subsidy

3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

• No poverty - people live in poverty if they lack basic services such as

healthcare security and education. They also experience hunger social

discrimination and exclusion from decision making process.

• Zero hunger - Goal 12 states that 2030 we should and hunger all form of

malnutrition this would be accomplished by doubling agricultural

productivity and incomes of small.

• Good Health and wellbeing for people- it aims to achieve universal health

coverage including access to essential medicines and vaccines.it proposes to

end the preventable death of newborns and children under 5 and end

epidemics such as aids tuberculosis, Malaria and water-borne diseases

• Quality Education-_Major Progress has been made in access to education,

specifically at the primary school level for both boys and girls.

• Gender equality-_according to the UN gender equality is not only

fundamental human right but a necessary foundation for peaceful prosperous and

sustainable world .Providing women and girls with equal access to education,

healthcare decent work and representation in politics and e economic decision-

making process will nurture sustainable economies and benefit society at large.

• Clean water and sanitation - safe drinking water and hygienic toilets protects

people from diseases and enable societies to be more productive economically.

and reliable energy while increasing the share of renewable energy in the global

energy.

• Decent work and economic Growth.Development economist have argued

that the twin consideration or long term economic growth and infrastructure

investments weren't prioritized enough. Being prioritized as number 8 and 9

respectively was considered a rather" mediocre ranking and defies common sense"

• Industry, innovation and infrastructure-Build resilient infrastructure,

promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster. Manufacturing is a

major source of employment. In 2016 the least developed countries had less

manufacturing value added per capita.

• Reducing inequalities.-Reduce income inequality with and among countries

one target is to reduce the cost of exporting goods from least developed countries

"Dutyfree treatment has expanded As of 2015 65 percent of products coming from

the least developed countries countries were duty free as compared to 41 percent in

2015

• Sustainable cities and communities makes cities and human settlements

inclusive safe resilient and sustainable. Target of 2030 is to ensure access to safe

and affordable housing.

• Responsible consumption and production - Ensure sustainable consumption

and production patterns. Target of goal 12 include using eco-friendly production

method and reducing the amount of waste. By 2030, national recycling rates

should increase as measure in tons of material recycled.

regulating emissions and promoting development in renewable. The UN

discussion and negotiation identified the links between the posts 2015 SDG.

Process and the financing for development process that concluded in Addis Ababa

in July 2015 and the cop 21 climate change conference in Paris in December.

• Life below Water- Conserve and sustainability use the oceans, seas and

marines resources for sustainable development, Rain Water, drinking water and

climate are regulated by ocean temperature and currents.

• Life in land- protect restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial

ecosystem sustainability manage forests, combat desertification and halt and

reserve land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

• Peace justice and strong institutions.,- promote peaceful and inclusive

societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build

effective accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

• Partnership for the Goals.;_Strengthen the means of implementation and

revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

CHALLENGES FACED BY KENYA IN ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOAL

• Poor economic growth- due to lack of specialization it's not possible to have

graduates introduce new ideologies/ mechanisms /technique for the better

productivity hence improved economy

• Inadequate learning resources- Kenya being a third world country it has a bigger %

lack accessibility and learning resources inclusive of conclusive learning environment

some schools are in polluted areas like the slums, poor access to technology prolonged

absenteeism due to lack of funds as. Majority of its citizens are below the poverty line.

• Male/ female ratios in decision making institute - The effectiveness of Kenya

development efforts and the abilit to sustain them are dependent on the full utilization of
all human resources (both men and women) but social economic indicators show that

Kenyan women are disadvantaged compared to men in respect of their total, livelihood

within agriculture and the informal sector.

• Climatic actions. Kenyans are faced with problems to do with flooding when it

comes into rainy seasons and hunger and famine when it comes in times of dry seasons

due to unpredictable climate changes which sometimes puts rural family's absolute

poverty.

• Corruption- Kenya remains one of the most corrupt countries in Africa today.

Almost everybody in Kenya collects bribes today. Instead of using the funds in the

government for development you find that this funds goes to few fellow who only mind

themselves.

• Peace and justice. - Peace is not simply about the absence of violence it is defined by

the presence of fundamental liberties and the prevalence of economic opportunity

Kenyans will not settle for a perfunctory peace. That is disrupted every five years by an

election cycle. We have refused to demand accountability for the many times that our

military and civilians security bosses have failed Kenyans in places such as

Westgate,Mpeketoni,Garissa, Mandera and many other places this shows injustice.