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Diffusion Experiment

The document describes an experiment on the diffusion of ink in water. Ink was heated and then placed in a capillary tube filled with water. The distance traveled by the ink was recorded every 30 seconds. Over the first 20 seconds, the ink traveled 0.048 meters as its temperature decreased, its speed dropped. After 300 seconds, the ink had traveled a maximum distance of 0.154 meters and its movement was barely visible, demonstrating that a warmer liquid diffuses more quickly than a colder one due to increased molecular vibration.

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James Aguilar
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61 views6 pages

Diffusion Experiment

The document describes an experiment on the diffusion of ink in water. Ink was heated and then placed in a capillary tube filled with water. The distance traveled by the ink was recorded every 30 seconds. Over the first 20 seconds, the ink traveled 0.048 meters as its temperature decreased, its speed dropped. After 300 seconds, the ink had traveled a maximum distance of 0.154 meters and its movement was barely visible, demonstrating that a warmer liquid diffuses more quickly than a colder one due to increased molecular vibration.

Uploaded by

James Aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphical Representation of Data

DIFFUSION
350

320

300

250

200
TIME, SECONDS

150

120

100
100

80

60

50 40

20

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
DISTANCE, METERS
Set-Up of Apparatus

A Printer Ink was used for the experiment

A syringe was used to hold the ink


The ink was heated before transferring to the capillary tube

With a time interval of 30 seconds, the distance traveled by the ink in the tube was recorded.
Analysis and Interpretation of Data

After subjecting the ink to heat, it was placed in a capillary tube filled with
tap water. During the experiment the ink rapidly disperse in the water. For the
first 20 seconds, the ink travelled 0.048 meters, as the graph shows the ink’s
temperature decreases its speed drops for the next 20 seconds. Finally, after 300
secs or 5 minutes the ink’s is movement is barely visible, the farthest distance
travelled by the ink is 0.154 meters.

Conclusion

After the experiment we learned how a warm ink (liquid) disperse much
more quickly than when it’s cold. This is because particles vibrate faster and
harder when they are warmer. That is what Diffusion is, it is a movement and
vibration of molecules down the concentration gradient.

One more factor that we think affected the movement of the ink is the
shape of the container. The capillary tube is rather narrow so the dispersing of the
ink to water is much slower than putting it in a much larger container. A narrow
container produces slower rate of diffusion because fewer molecules are in
contact with each other, meaning there will be fewer collisions between the
solvent (water) and solute (ink)
Questions to answer

1. Briefly explain the concept of steady state as it applies to diffusion.


Steady-state diffusion is the situation where the rate of diffusion in a given
system is equal to the rate of diffusion out, such that there is no net accumulation or
depletion of diffusing species.

2. Draw a Tabulation of Diffusion Data


Trial Time, sec Distance, m
1 20 0.048
2 40 0.064
3 60 0.074
4 80 0.088
5 100 0.096
6 120 0.101
7 320 0.154

3. At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient for the diffusion of copper in
nickel have a value of 6.5 x 10-17 m2/s?
Using Diffusion coefficient formula:

𝑄𝑑
𝑇=−
𝑅(ln 𝐷 − 𝐷𝑑)

Where:
T = Absolute temperature (Kelvin)
Qd = Activation energy for diffusion of Ni (J/mol)
R = Gas constant (8.314 J/mol-K)
D = diffusion coefficient (m2/s)
Dd = Temperature-independent pre-exponential (m2/s)

Based on the table above,

256,000 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑇=−
𝐽
(8.314 ) (ln(6.5x −17 𝑚2 /𝑠) − ln(2.7x10−5 𝑚2 /𝑠))
𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝑘

T = 1059.76 K
or
T= 1059.76 – 273.15
T = 786.61 C

4. Discuss application in actual practice the concepts of diffusion.


One example is when we’re making coffee, it is easier to dissolve the solute
which is the coffee in a warm solvent or water. This is because molecules when heated
gets in an excited state and vibrate quickly thus, interacting with each other much often.
Unlike when it’s cold, the molecules move slower and collides with each other at a much
slower rate, that’s when the coffee is harder to dissolve in a cold water.

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