LOVe

LeTtErS
to
CoMPutERs
W e l c o m e
t o
t h e
a d v e n t u r e !
 Ask a permission
from your family
member to share
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THIs
JoURNAL
BELONGs To

I solemnly promise to draw, doodle, write and reflect

all over this journal. I know big problems are just tiny
problems stuck together and making mistakes is an
important part of learning. I will ask for help and help
others. I’ll ask questions and wonder. I’ll share this
journal with my family and friends.

A word you Finished?

NeW !
might have No problem Things to
RD not heard – keep ponder
WO yet. working and think
with these about.
prompts.

Cut out task. Pick the items from

the back of the book and stick them
into places with duct tape or glue.
LESSON 1

ComPUter
SCieNCe
Color the computer and
add some code.

The people who study

computers and how to solve
problems with computers
Ne W are computer scientis.
O RD! Computer scientists
W
are often able to think
logically. They are also
curious and creative.

What
is the
science of
computers?
TASK 1

I WONdER
Fill in three things you’ve wondered about code,
computers or technology. Start with I wonder.

I wonder..

I wonder.. I wonder..

Ask what
your
friend,
neighbour
or family
member has
wondered
about.
TASK 2

ToOls oF tHE TrAde

Computers are used in all kinds of professions.
Cut the computers from the back of the book and
match each one to the correct person.

Doctor Police Sales clerk

Ask you family

Now think of another profession and what how they use a
kind of computers they might use. computer at work
or at leisure.
 Me AnD
TASK 3

ThE COmpUtER
Draw a picture of yourself using a computer.
What kind of apps do you use?

Find a
famous
computer
scientist
or coder!
What did
they build?
TASK 4
WHaT dO comPUteR
SCientIsTS tHInK aBoUT?
Draw what kind of problems computer scientists think about.
What does a computer scientist look like?
LESSON 1

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Computers can be used to solve

problems, enable communications
and express creativity.

All kinds of people use

computers.

Computer Scientists make new

software, solve problems and
develop different ways to use
technology.

Other things I learned How

it
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LESSON 2

COMPutATiONaL
ThiNKinG
How does a computer scientist see the world?

NeW !
Label the computational
RD thinking perspectives. What
WO
might they symbolise?
Computational thinking.
Thinking about problems
in a way that allows
computers to solve them.
Computational thinking
is something people do,
not computers.
 WHaT’S
TASK 5

tHE OrdeR?
Some things need to happen in the right order for them to
work! How would you first break apart brushing of your
teeth? Come up with other tasks!

FiRsT NeXT THeN FiNALLy

Brushing
my teeth

NeW !
RD Decomposition means taking a part a
WO
big problem into smaller problems.
TASK 6

WhAt’s The
NeW !
RD
WO

PAtterN?
Pattern
recognition
means being able
to spot what is
similar and what
is not.
TASK 7

Fill ThE LuNCHbOX

Cut out the lunch items from the back of the book. Classify the
food in two groups based on color, shape or some other feature,
like food group. You don’t need to use all the food.

All of these foods..

All of these foods..

Compare what kind of rules

you came up with to classify
the lunch.
NeW !
RD
WO
Abstraction. The process of Find something else to sort
separating out details that are not and categorise according to
needed in order to concentrate on shape, color, size or some
the things that are needed. other way.
 TootHBrUsHinG
TASK 8

AlGOritHm
Cut out the pieces of code from the end of the book and put them in the
right order. Then make your own tooth brushing algorithm on the right.
You can use writing, drawing or flowcharts to make your algorithm.

NeW !
RD
WO

Algorithm. A
step-by-step
instruction to
solve a problem.
Use your own way of writing. If you
want to, you can try out flowcharts.

START

do

END

Compare with a friend. How many

different ways can you think of
making an algorithm?
LESSON 2

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

I can break a problem into smaller

pieces (decompose).

I can spot patterns.

I can say what’s important and

must be included. I can say
what is unimportant and can be
ignored (abstraction).

I can make a step-by-step

instruction to solving a problem
(algorithm).

How
it
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creations with
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 CODE
LESSON 3

What is code?

Color the bug!

if eyes = 2
color blue
else color red

Color the bug!

If today = Monday
color yellow
else color green

Code, or program, is a sequence

NeW !
of instructions written in a
RD language that the computer
WO
understands. Instructions
need to be very precise or
computers will make mistakes.
 DaNCe TimE!
TASK 9

Start by planning a sequence of dance moves. Make the dance

routine short, so that you can repeat it many times.

Do
Do Here are some
things to
consider:

Do
Sidekick
Arm swing
Walk backward
Straight jump

Do
Shoulder pop

Do
Do
Do

NeW !
RD
WO

Sequence. An order in which

things follow each other.
 Write your dance sequence inside
the loop and decide how many
times it should be repeated.
START

REPEAT TIMES

END
Iteration, repeating a set
of instructions over and
NeW !
RD over again. The loop box
WO
around the instructions
tells how many times to
repeat the instruction!
 Write again your dance sequence, but
this time come up with a rule under
which the sequence is repeated.

START

REPEAT UNTIL Here’s an example:

MuSIC STOP

NeW !
RD
WO
Selection,
choosing between
two different set
of instructions.

END

if then

Try making an if/else

statement for your dance ELSE
routine. For example:
if your friend holds
their nose, dance, else
stop dancing.
 BiTS
TASK 10

The binary numbers are how numbers are represented in

computers. Computer code is made up of binary coder,
where every symbol is described by a series of ones and
zeroes. Practice by coloring with the right code!

NeW !
RD
WO
1 1 1 1 1 Bit. The smallest
unit of data in
1 1 1 1 1 computers. A bit
can have only
two values,
1 1 1 1 1 1 which are often
represented as
1 1 1 1 1 1 either one or
zero.

1
NeW !
1 1 WO
RD

1 1 1 1 Binary. A number
system that uses
only two digits
is called binary.
All computers
calculate in
binary.

1=

0=

00 =
Make a binary code version of your name. For each row, fill in a letter and the
corresponding binary code. For 0 leave the circle empty and fill in for 1.

Letter Binary

A 01000001 G 01000111 M 01001101 S 01010011

B 01000010 H 01001000 N 01001110 T 01010100
C 01000011 I 01001001 O 01001111 U 01010101
D 01000100 J 01001010 P 01010000 V 01010110
E 01000101 K 01001011 Q 01010001 W 01010111
F 01000110 L 01001100 R 01010010 X 01011000
Y 01011001
Z 01011010
Have a special character in your name?
No worries, try looking it up on search engine,
by typing the letter and the word binary.
LESSON 3

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Computers speak in a language

called code. Code the computer
understands is made of ones and
zeroes.

Humans write code with different

programming languages. The
languages look different, but
they all have things that are in
common.

Most programming languages

have concepts of sequence,
repetition and selection.

How
it
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creations with
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 DaTa ANd
LESSON 4

ALgOriThMs
How are algorithms made? And what is data?

Next up

Subscribe
views

Draw your own video,

suggested videos and
suggested search. NeW ! Algorithm. A step by
RD
WO step instruction to
solving a problem.
TASK 11

CouNt AnD GraPH

How many hearts, clicks, stars and likes can you count?
 SoRt
TASK 12

AnD FilTEr
Cut out the columns and sort them according to size.
What strategies did you use?

Compare with a friend. Did they have a different

way of sorting? How might a computer sort items?
What do you need to know to sort?
 DaTaSeLfiE
TASK 13

Fill in the data about yourself.

Five videos you’ve watched

Four things you’ve liked or given thumbs up

Three things you’ve searched online

Two places you’ve been with a phone

NeW !
RD
WO

One person you’ve messaged with Data. Units of

information. This
information may
be in the form
of text, clicks,
images, audio or
programs.
 Swap the dataselfie with someone and try to guess who is who based on
the data. Is the person a girl or a boy? How old might the person be? Draw
a selfie based on the data. Put up the portraits and have a mini art show.

What do you think

a person like this
would look like?
First, tell a story,
then make a drawing.

Space video
Funny cat video
Funny dog video
Dance video
How to make cupcakes video

Boat to Stockholm + time

Tomato pasta
Dancing cat video
Apollo moonlanding

Oven temperature + cupcake

Where to see animals in
Stockholm
Dance lessons + Helsinki

Helsinki, Finland
Stockholm, Sweden

Mom
 VLoGgeR
TASK 14

What type of a video are you making?

Silly Fan video Toy Make a Challenge My day My own

skit unboxing how-to type

Break your video into a storyboard. Draw or write the main idea.
Beginning

What happens in
the beginning?

Middle

What happens in
the middle?

The End

How does your

video end?
 Draw a small
preview
window of
your video and
write a title
and a short
description.

What kind of
image would
spark interest
of someone on
YouTube?

Description

Title

Choose a title that descibes your Write a very short

video, but is also interesting! summary of your video.

Tag Tag Tag Tag

These help computers categorise the content.

Examples: #flying pigs, #mashup #dance

DisCUss
Perform your There are 400 hours of new videos
video to uploaded on YouTube every hour.
a friend. How can YouTube suggest videos
Remember for you to watch next? What kind
to give of things might the computer look
thumbs-up! when recommending videos?
LESSON 4

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Algorithms are step-by-step

instructions to solving problems.
Algorithms decide for example
what kind of ads we see, videos
we watch and books we are
recommended.

Data can be numbers, words or

pictures, but also things likes, votes
and clicks.

Computers are good at sorting and

searching big amounts of data.

How
it
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member to share
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creations with
#helloruby!
 SCratCH
LESSON 5

How can I make a game, a story

or an app with programming?

Label the correct

piece of Scratch code
with the computer
science idea. Color
in the code and fill it
with something funny!

CoNDitIonaLs
making decisions based
on conditions.

if then

SeqUeNCe
identifying a series of steps ELSE
for a task.

RepeTItiON
running the same sequence You can find the Hello
multiple times for a task. Ruby Scratch projects at
helloruby.com/scratch or
work on your own project!
TASK 15

MY ScraTCh StoRy
My UseRNaMe

Write or sketch ideas for three different Scratch

projects you are interested in creating.
IDeA 1
IDeA 2

IDeA 3
 Explain or draw a picture of the project you did.

Draw the blocks you used for todays

project and explain what they do.

What kind of problems did What did you learn from

you have when programming? watching others projects?
What did you do when you
ran into a problem?

How would you

describe Scratch
to a friend?
LESSON 5

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

I can explain how

sequence, selection and
repetition relate to Scratch.

I can plan out the logic for

a simple program.

I can debug code.

How
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member to share
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creations with
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 HarDwaRe
LESSON 6

How computers work?

Draw how you imagine a NeW !

RD
WO
computer works. What does
the inside look like? How does Hardware. The physical
it function? Is there magic? parts of a computer system.
For instance the display,
the components and the
NeW ! keyboard.
RD
WO

Software. The programs,

applications and data in a
computer system. Any parts of
a computer system that aren’t
physical.
 SOftwAre or
TASK 16

HArDwaRe
Cut out the software and hardware pieces and put
them in the right place. Can you connect each piece
of software with a piece of hardware?

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

Can you think of a few more examples

of software and hardware?
 BUiLd YoUr
TASK 17

CoMpuTER
Few things are as exciting as computers. And now
you’ll get to design your very own one. Cut out the
computer from the back of the book.

Start by cutting Fold the computer Now you can

out the computer in half and find the design your
and then keyboard, right place for each own program STUDY
• What are
following the lines. component inside or website. computers good
Be careful and the computer. Use Maybe a shop? at? What are
they bad at?
precise. tape to fasten the Or a game? • What happens
keyboard on the Or a movie inside the
computer
computer. app? So many when you click
fun choices. on a button?
• How does
Next, cut out You can also the computer
remember
the components. design an things?
Put them aside Choose which operating • What are your
favorite games/
in a neat pile. operating system system and apps/websites?
your computer put the files on
3 runs and put it on
the case. Decorate
your desktop.
(But beware of
PLAY
• Design an
application
Cut out the the your computer the virus file!) for an astronaut
operating systems, with stickers. or a dolphin

7
doctor. Where
files, stickers and might they need
website. computers?
• Be a computer
Make a funny doctor! What
happens when
sound when the CPU gets a
you turn on cough? Or Hard
Drive is full?
the computer • Design a
for mouse, a power
chord or a video
the first time. camera for your
Ta-da! computer.
TASK 18

WhO’s wHo? CPU

I am the processor. I am
very smart and fast at
calculating things. I am
GPU super busy bossing around
and telling the other
I am powerful in components what to do.
showing things on the
computer screen, but I
have a bad memory and HARD
DRIVE
I need the help of ROM
and RAM.

I am slow, but I keep

good care of your
pictures and games.
RAM
I remember all
immediate things and
ROM run between the CPU
and the Hard Drive but
I remember all the I forget everything
important things and stuff once the computer is
that you don’t want to shut down.
accidentally remove or
have disappear when the
power is turned off.

NaMe
LESSON 6

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Computers are made of hardware

and software.

Software is the programs, applications

and data in a computer. Hardware is the
physical parts of a computer system.
For instance the display, the
components and the keyboard.

Computers have components that each

have a special task.

Other things I learned How

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 CompUtER
LESSON 7

SYsTEMs
What really is a computer?

Input Process Output

Describe what happens:

• Paying in a store with a card
• Setting off a smoke alarm
• Sending an e-mail
• Using a microwave NeW !
RD
• Can you come up with own WO

example?
Input - output or I/O.
I/O devices are the
pieces of hardware used
to communicate with a
computer. For instance, a
keyboard or computer mouse
is an input device for a
computer, while monitors
and printers are output
devices.
TASK 19

CoMputer ScaveNGeR HUnT

Spot a computer! List all the
computers you see during the week.

WhaT the
DaY Time PlaCe COmPUtER DId?

THIS IS HOW MANY

DisCUss
COMPUTERS I SPOTTED!

How to spot a computer? Look for

clues like the on/off button, a
chord, batteries or a blinking light.
TASK 20

InpuT Or oUtPut
Cut out the input and output devices.
Sort them to the correct place.
InpUt BotH
OutpUt

Make your own input or

output device for the
computer!
TASK 21

On/oFF bUttoN
Think of an object you’ve What I made into a
touched today and turn computer is...
it into a computer.

When I press the on/off

button, my computer will..

Draw a picture of yourself using your new computer.

 MaKeS sENSe
TASK 22

Humans learn about the world through our senses. You

have ears to listen and eyes to see. You can smell and taste
different things, and feel if someone touches you. The robot
reacts to its surroundings with sensors.
Cut out the senses and sensors. First, match each human sense
to its corresponding body part. Then, do the same for the robot.

WITH MOUTH
WITH EARS
WITH MOTION
WITH NOSE SENSOR

Can you think

of another
robot sensor?

WITH EYES

WITH TOUCH

WITH PRESSURE
SENSOR

WITH MICROPHONE
WITH CAMERA

NeW !
WO
RD
DisCUss
Sensor. Sensors detect events or What senses do you need
changes in their environment, and before leaving to school?
then provide an output. Sensors can What sensors would a robot
measure for example temperature, need to vacuum?
light or pressure.
LESSON 7

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

There are hundreds of

computers in our everyday life.

Computers have input and

output devices.

Computers use sensors to

learn about the world.

How
it
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 CompUtER
LESSON 8

NEtwOrKS
Where is the Internet?

What does the Internet look like?

Are there videos of cats? Or
games? What about wires or
servers? Can you draw code?
Draw a picture of your Internet.
TASK 23

PaCKaGe DelivERY
Data travels on the Internet as packets. Cut out the packets
from the worksheet. Can you help reassemble the messages
for robot, computer and Ruby? Pay attention to the sequence
so that you get the emoji in the message in the right order.
Message from:
The message the robot gets:

Message from:
The message the computer gets:

Message from:
The message Ruby gets:
TASK 24

hiDing in PlaiN SigHt

The Internet often feels invisible. But if you take a closer look, you can
start noticing things that are a part of the Internet. Go on a walk around
your home and neighbourhood and note down everytime you see:

Something connected A funny wi-fi name

to the Internet

Manhole
cover
Wi-fi
hotspot

Router
Routers

Wires or cables Wi-fi

related to Internet

Something else related

to Internet

Ethernet
cable ISP box
LESSON 8

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Internet is made of physical

parts like servers and routers.

Internet is also made of

software, like websites or data
that travels as packets.

Internet is not owned by any

one company or person. We
are all building it.

How
it
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member to share
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creations with
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LESSON 8

AI aND MaChiNe
LeArNinG
How do computers learn?

CAPTCHA is a tool I'm not a robot.

in which the user
often identifies
numbers, letters
Select all images below
or objects in the
that match this one.
image. The tasks
are usually easy for
humans, but difficult
for computers.

Make your own

CAPTCHA! Choose
an image like a cat,
a house or a traffic
sign and make
tricky versions of it.
 DeSigN YoUr
TASK 25

Own RobOt
Design your own robot and draw an image of it. What is
the purpose of your robot?

Name of my robot

Length Features

Weight

What if you were a robot? Play robots with a friend! One is

the robot and the other gives instructions. Then switch!
 Now teach your robot to recognise a greeting. Can
you think of as many possible ways to greet someone?

This is my training data.

Ask a friend to add How should we approach robots?

one more example to Is a robot a machine, a toy, a
your training data. pet or a friend? Can you speak
rudely to a robot or slap it?

NeW !
RD
WO
NeW !
RD
WO
Training Data and Bias.
Data used to teach machine
Machine Learning. learning algorithms. Training
Machine Learning data may contain texts,
is the ability images, sounds or videos.
of a computer If the examples in the
to learn how to training data are incorrect
solve tasks based or unbalanced, the result is
on examples. biased and incorrect.
 Fill in how you and the robot are going to work together

EASY FOR A HUMAN

HARD FOR A COMPUTER EASY FOR A COMPUTER

DisCUss
When you hear
the word AI, what
three things
come to mind?
HARD FOR A HUMAN
LESSON 9

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Computers learn by being given lots

of examples. This is called machine
learning.

Training data can be pictures, texts,

clicks or something else. Computer
scientists need to be careful to make
training data free of bias.

The same tasks that are easy for us

humans are not easy for computers.

How
it
diD
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LESSON 10

DiveRSiTY And EqUiTY

How do we help everyone get excited
about computer science?

Color the computer

and the different
areas where it
might be useful.
Add a few more.
TASK 26

LovELeTTeR to
a CoMpUTeR
Draw or write what kind of problem you’d solve as
a computer scientist. Use one of the postcards at
the end, or make your own.

Dear______,
TASK 27

ComPUTeRs
EveRywHeRe
Many of the things we do every day have moved
onto the Internet. Can you name apps or services
that have replaced the following?

BEFORE WORLD OF
TASK
INTERNET INTERNET

Watching cartoons.

Sharing photos.

Keeping a journal.

Collecting ideas.

Listening to music.

Talking to friends.

Checking the weather.

Shopping.

Paying for things.

Ask you family how they did these

things in the past. How many different
generations can you speak to?
 In the future many of the everyday things we have around us will be
connected to the Internet. Match the items in the yellow boxes to the
activities in the blue boxes. Imagine what the combination could online.
You can also combine something completely different.
 ConGRatS,
TASK 28

Me!
Congratulations, you! Draw an image of what’s your favorite
thing in computer science in the badge. Then make a
special honorary award for yourself with the instructions.

Cut all the pieces you’ll need: you’ll need 2

rectangles and 2 circles to create a full badge.

Fold your rectangles in an accordion shape.

When you have 2 little accordion rectangles
connect them and glue them to form a circle.

3
Practice here
Prepare an extra circle (same size as the
circle you made yourself) and glue it to the
back of your badge to help it stay flat. You
may have to hold it in place a few seconds to
make sure it is securely glued.

Then glue the circle you made in the center of

your badge.

+
LESSON 10

WHat ur

I LearNeD
e yo
Plac here
e
badg

I Did it bUt I DidN't

I Can
didN't fUlly gEt it
Do iT!
GeT iT at ALL

Computer Science is not only

using the computer.

Computer Scientists can come

from all walks of life.

It's great to have many interests

in addition to Computer Science.
Things I'm interested in:

How
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TASK 2
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

Taking payment

Patient data Photos of crime

scene

Research

Burglar alarm

98

Barcode scanner
Calling for help
Medical Imaging and
Equipment

GPS navigation
TASK 7
FILL THE LUNCHBOX

apple grapes lime jam

waffle lemon porridge sandwich

TASK 12
SORT AND FILTER
TASK 8
TOOTBRUSHING ALGORITHM

do brush
repeat 32 times

change x by 1

define brush

wait 1 secs
move 2 step

pick toothbrush
move 5 steps up

change -x by

stop
START
if clean then
move 2 steps down

END else
brush
TASK 16
BUILD YOUR COMPUTER (1)

ROM

RAM

HARD
DRIVE

CPU

GPU
 TASK 16 STiCkERs
BUILD YOUR COMPUTER (2)

oPERatING
sYSteM
WEBsitE

FileS
kEyBOaRD
TASK 17
SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE

Chat application Cursor

Game Mobile phone

Game controller Mouse

Printer Word processing

TASK 20
INPUT OR OUTPUT

3D printer Microphone

Mouse Touchscreen

Headphones Web camera

Keyboard Printer

Temperature sensor Monitor

TASK 22
MAKES SENSE

I SENSE MOVEMENT I SMELL

WITH MOTION WITH NOSE
SENSOR
I HEAR WITH EARS

I FEEL
WITH TOUCH I SEE
WITH EYES

I HEAR WITH
MICROPHONE
I SENSE TOUCH WITH
PRESSURE SENSOR
I SEE
WITH CAMERA I TASTE
WITH MOUTH

TASK 23
PACKAGE DELIVERY 3/3

1/3
3/3 To: Computer
From: Robot

To: Robot
To: Ruby From: Ruby
3/3 2/3
From: Robot

2/3 To: Robot To: Computer

From: Ruby From: Robot

1/3
To: Robot
From: Ruby
2/3 1/3
To: Ruby
From: Robot

To: Ruby To: Computer

From: Robot From: Robot
TASK 26
LOVELETTER TO A COMPUTER
w w w .
h e l l o r u b y .
c o m

w w w .
h e l l o r u b y .
c o m
TASK 28
CONGRATS, ME! (1)

Front Back
WHat
I LearNeD
BAdGes

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most whimsical way to
learn about computers, h e l l o r u b y .
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BeLOnGs to

SChoOL

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