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International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: 2347-1697
Domestic Load Carrier Trolley
Mechanical
Paper ID IJIFR/V4/ E8/ 030 Page No. 7019-7030 Subject Area
Engineering
Key Words Tri-Wheel Frame, Wheels, Bearings, Shaft, Ratchet, Pawl

Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
1st Kamalkishor G. Maniyar Mauli Group of Institution,
College of Engineering and Technology,
Shegaon - Maharashtra
2nd Karan A. Panjwani
B.E. Student
3rd Manish L. Joshi Department of Mechanical Engineering,
4th Gaurav R. Lodaya Mauli Group of Institution,
College of Engineering and Technology
5th Nagsen S. Ingle
Shegaon - Maharashtra
6th Akash K. Todkar

Abstract
This paper deals with the designing and manufacturing of a trolley, which
can climb stair. The technical issues in designing of this trolley are the
stability and speed of the vehicle while climbing stairs. However, the
steepness of the stairs is also the important concern of this study. The need
for such a system arises from day-to-day requirements in our society.
Devices such as hand trolleys are used for easy lifting of load on flat ground
however, these trolleys usually fail when it comes to carrying the load from
floor to floor through stairs. In the concern of this, the project attempts to
design a stair climbing trolley which can carry heavy objects up the stairs
with less effort compared to carrying them manually. In our project, the
trolley is equipped with Tri-Star wheels which enable us to carry load up
and down the stairs. It also eases the movement of trolley in irregular
surfaces like holes, bumps, etc. This trolley is the hybrid of hand trolley and
stair climbing trolley which can be used in both purposes i.e. carrying load
on same floor as well as carrying load from stairs.

I. INTRODUCTION
Lifting heavy loads like cupboard, refrigerator, washing machine etc. up to 150 kg is not
easy job, especially where there are no lifting facilities (elevator). Moreover, in most of the

This work is published under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 7019

Copyright©IJIFR 2017
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
buildings in the rural areas does not have elevators or escalators. In this case human labours
are considered to be the only solution. Labour is becoming costly day by day, where growth
rate is reducing. This problem can be solved if a trolley can lift loads while traveling
through stairs. The project introduces a new hybrid for the transportation of the loads over
the stair in vertical position and load on same floor horizontally. Most of the buildings of the
rural areas are structurally congested and unviability of elevator facility so it is difficult and
laborious to lift up heavy loads from floor to floor. The stair climbing trolley can play an
important role in those areas to lift loads over a stairs, like colleges, hospitals, and in
household purpose. The vehicle, which can move upper level through strain, or run in very
rough and rocky surfaces, is called stair climbing trolley. Many factors are considered while
designing these trolleys, while safety and comfort is considered as major factor for the
person who will pull this trolley. This trolley has braking system with height adjustment
arrangement and it will be used as hand truck also after converting it into horizontal trolley
with suspension system provided to the shaft for absorbing jerks produced while moving the
trolley on stairs. Further detail is discussed in below chapters.
1.1 Necessity
In this “Domestic Load Carrier Trolley” the aim of this project is to shift domestic load from
one floor to anther floor with less efforts and to design a trolley with low cost so that it may
be used in rural areas by each and every one.
1.2 Objectives
1) To reduce the man power and efforts for heavy domestic load shifting through stairs.
2) Contribute this work to society.
3) Trolley that can be used for stair climbing as well as hand trolley on the same floor.

II. CRITICAL LITERATURE SURVEY

Md. A. Hossain, Nafis A. Chowdhury, Rubaiat I. Linda in Jan-2010 have concluded that
in the initial design, each wheel contained frame, a sun wheel and three planetary wheels.
The planetary wheel was connected with the sun wheel through an idler. The purpose of
using the idler was to rotate the planetary wheels in the same direction of sun wheel. Each
planetary wheel was aligned in a straight line with idler and sun wheel. The straight wheel
frame takes more thrust to tilt the wheel frame to engage next planetary wheel. The length of
each arm is high and thus creates vibration and the vehicle would be unstable. In the present
design, the wheel frame was made curve so that the front surface of the arm could not
collide with the edge of the stair.
Mr. Pratik H. Rathod, Mr. Ravi R. Mishra, Mr. Nitin A. Waghamare in Sept-
2013 have researched that Stair climber trolleys have a total of six wheels, three on each
side. They are set in a triangular pattern. The uppermost wheel rests on the upper step, with
the other two wheels set on the lower step. This allows you to apply leverage as you pull the
trolley up a set of stairs. Though this project had some limitation as a first step of making
any Stair Climbing hand truck, it was a pioneer project. During the test run of this project, it
was realized that it would capable of carrying heavy load without suffering any deformation
or local fractures if it would go into real world production at an ideal scale. Though the

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7020
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
initial cost of the project seemed to be higher but more accurate manufacturing would
shorten this.
Prajan Pradip Gondole, Kamlesh Diliprao Thakre in April-2015 have concluded
that the stair-climbing hand truck is designed to reduce liability rather than increase it.
Conventional hand trucks work well on flat ground, but their usefulness decreases when it
becomes necessary to move an object over an irregular surface. Package deliverymen, for
example, often find it necessary to drag loaded hand trucks up short flights of stairs just to
reach the front door of a building. The entire purpose of using a conventional hand truck is
to avoid having to lift and carry heavy objects around.

III. COMPONANTS USED IN DOMESTIC LOAD TROLLEY & ITS

SPECIFICATION
It consist of following points
3.1 Domestic trolley chassis and material specification
The chassis is made up of base plate of caste iron and hollow square rods of caste iron
vertically wielded on the base plate, same hollow square pipes are used to make square
frame which is used as support to base plate from bottom side for the safety while carrying
load on it.
i. Details of domestic trolley chassis
i) Base plate thickness with square frame support: - 20mm
ii) Square pipe size:-1 inch i.e. 25.4mm
iii) Square pipe length fixed:-1066.8mm
iv) Square pipe length adjustable:-762mm

Figure 3.1: Catia design of chassis.

3.2 Bearings
Here two pillow block bearings are used for holding shaft with chassis from both ends. This
bearing will give friction less movement to the shaft as to reduce the power required to pull
or push the trolley over the stairs.
 Specification of bearings.
i) Model no :- FFX- UCB 204
ii) Type:- ball bearing
iii) Bore diameter:- 20mm

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7021
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030

Figure 3.2: Bearing.

3.3 Wheels
Here we have used 6 wheels in pair on 3 each with quasi –star frame on both side of chassis
fitted with bearing inside the bore of wheel to get friction free movement of wheels.
 Specification of wheels
i) Material:- polypropylene co-polymer wheels
ii) Diameter:- 150mm
iii) Thickness:- 40mm
iv) Bearing used:- ball bearing

Figure 3.3: wheels.

3.4 Supporting wheels
We have used two supporting wheels, they supports and give direction to the trolley when it
in horizontal position
 Specification of supporting wheel
i) Wheel diameter- 63.5mm
ii) Material – synthetic hard
iii) Metal casing is used to supporting the wheels and one fixing socket is provided.

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7022
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030

Figure 3.4: Supporting wheel.

3.5 Quasi-star frame
This frame is designed as per stairs are concerned, so that each wheel have an angle of 120
degree between them for smooth working over the stairs. Here curved shape is given to
frame with gas cutting so that it should not impact on stairs while moving up or down.
 Specification of quasi-star frame
i) Material:- caste iron
ii) Thickness:-2mm.
iii) Angle between two wheels:- 120 degree

Figure 3.5: Quasi-star frame.

3.6 Ratchet and pawl (brake system)
This system is used for applying brake to the shaft while moving on stairs, while pawl locks
one direction with spring tension and other direction is used for motion. Now we have
provided an arrangement of brake lever at handle of trolley that will pull the pawl to unlock
the second direction.
 Specification of ratchet and pawl
i) Material of ratchet:- caste iron
ii) Material of pawl:- caste iron

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7023
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030

Figure 3.6: Ratchet and pawl.

3.7 Belt system
We have 2 arrangements of belt one is at lower part and one is at upper part for avoiding the
slipping of object while carrying it from one place to another. It also have lock system for
tightening and loosing of belt
 Specification of belt
i) Material:- nylon belts
ii) Clip material:- plastic clips

Figure 3.7: Belt system.

3.8 Shaft
We have designed the shaft for load capacity of
150 kg. Hollow shaft is used for more rigidity.
 Specification of shaft
i) Outer diameter of shaft: - 19.5mm
ii) Length of shaft: - 609.6mm

Figure 3.8: Shaft arrangement

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7024
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
3.9 Leaf spring
This spring is used to absorb the shocks produced while moving upward and downward over
the stairs for increasing the safety of the object which is being carried on the trolley.
 Specification of leaf spring
i) Material: - plain carbon steel

Figure 3.9: leaf spring.

IV. METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN OF AXLE

Figure 4.1: force diagram.

F = 150 kg = 1471.5 N
Under equilibrium condition sum of all vertical forces is zero, Calculation of end reaction at
support-
RA – 735.75– 735.75 + RB = 0
RA+RB =1471.5N
Taking moment about A
∑mA = 0
(735.75*50.8) + (735.75*609.2)–(RB *660) =0
RB = 735.75 N
RA = 735.75 N
Where,
RA - vertical reaction at A RB – vertical reaction at B Shear Force calculation S.F at A=
1962 N

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7025
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
S.F at C & D =0
S.F at A &B = 735.75 N
Bending moment at A =0
Bending moment at B =0
Bending moment at C
735.75 * 50.8 = 37376.1 N mm
Bending moment at D
735.75* 50.8 = 37376.1 N mm
Considering the maximum bending moment
M= π/32 *d3 * σb
σb = σyt / factor of safety
For cast iron Yield Stress σyt = 570N/mm2
Therefore, σb = 570 / 3 = 190 N/mm2
37376.1 = π/32 *d3 * 190
d=12.60 mm say 15mm
(Considering F.S. = 3)
(From data book)
d=15mm

Figure 4.2: shear force diagram.

37376.1 N- mm 37376.1 N-mm

Figure 4.3: Bending moment diagram.

Coefficient of rolling resistance [Crr] = (0.0048)
(18/D)1/2(100/W)1/4
Where,
D = Diameter of the rolling wheel in inches
W = Load acting normal to the wheel on the frame
In lbs.
Rolling Resistance [F] = (W.Crr)/R
The diameter of the wheel = 15 cm

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7026
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
= 5.90 in
The maximum load acting normal to the
Base plate = 150 kg
= 330.69 lbs.
Crr = (0.0048) (18/D)1/2 (100/W)1/4
Crr = (0.0048) (18/5.90)1/2 (100/330.69)1/4
Crr = 0.00621
F = (330.69*0.00621)/2.95
F = 0.696 lbs
F = 0.315 kg
F = 3.090 N
Rolling resistance determines the stability of rolling wheel.

IV. ASSEMBLY OF TROLLEY

i) Firstly base plate is cut into required dimension of 5486.4mm x 6096mm i.e. length x
width.
ii) Then 3 square bars are taken of length 1066.8mm and welded on frame as per
requirement and square frame is welded below the base plate.
iii) Then height shifting arrangement is done by providing the drills at 0.5 foot on vertical
fixed square bars and movable bars are welded with each other to form a rigid handle.
iv) Then quasi star frame is cut with the help of gas cutting and drills are done on the plates
so that bolt must be passed to hold the wheel in between two frames. Two pairs of quasi
star wheels are prepared and they are welded at the end of shaft by using arc welding.
v) Two leaf springs are welded on corner vertical square rods and pillow bearing is fitted
with the help of nut and bolts at the centre of leaf spring.
vi) One ratchet is welded at the centre of the shaft and pawl is fixed on vertical square rod
with spring tension in it.
vii) One brake lever is to be fitted on right side of handle which will work as clutch to free
the direction of the trolley.

Figure 5: Overall view on trolley as vertical and horizontal.

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7027
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
We have tested the trolley by lifting different household components, output has come as
easy transporting components through stairs up to 150 kg and while horizontally trolley can
carry up to 100 kg easily on the ground floor itself. As load varies power required to lift the
component also varies but it reduces the man required to lift the component as well as it
reduce the time require to carry the load thus it reduces the labour cost for shifting the
household material.

VII. CONCLUSION
Though this project had some limitations regarding the strength and built of the structure, it
can be considered as small contribution to our society for domestic purpose to lift the loads
through domestic load carrier trolley. This trolley runs over the stairs very smoothly and in
future it can be made fully automated and can be used commercial purpose.

VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Md.A.Hossain, Nafis.A.Chowdhury, Rubaiat.I.Linda, “Stair Climbing Vehicle”, Published In
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology (2010).
[2] Mr. Pratik.H. Rathod, Mr. Ravi.R. Mishra, Mr. Nitin.A. Waghamare, “Stair Climbing Truck”,
published In International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development,
(2013).
[3] R.Rajasekar, K.P.Pranavkarthik, R.Prashanth, S.SenthilKumar and A.Sivakumar “DESIGN
AND FABRICATION OF STAIRCASE CLIMBING Wheelchair”, published In International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotic Research, (2013).
[4] Sunil Kumar K R, Sunitha V S, Suresh K, Udaya Kumar S, “Design And Fabrication Of Stair
Climber Trolley” , A Project Report At Anand Institute Of Higher Technology Chennai-603
103 Anna University , Chennai-600 025 , (2014) .
[5] Prajan Pradip Gondole, Kamlesh Diliprao Thakre, “Stair Climbing Hand Trolley”, Published
In ournal Of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), (2015).
[6] R.S.KHURMI, “Engineering Mechanics” by (120-122, 130-135,231-233) published by
S.Chand publication.
[7] B.D.SHIVALKAR, “Design Data Book” by (35, 39, 113,178) publicated by Denett and Co.
[8] Dr. R.K. Bansal, A text book of Strength of Materials, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
[9] Siegwart.R. Lauria.M. , Mäusli, P., Winnendael.M. , “Design and Implementation of an
Innovative Micro- Rover”
[10] Albuquerque, “Proceedings of Robotics 98”, the 3rd Conference and Exposition on Robotics
in Challenging Environments New Mexico, (1998).
[11] Hsueh-Er, C., “Stair-climbing vehicle”, Patent No. US2008164665 (A1) ‖, (2008).
[12] Mourikis, A.I., Trawny, N., Roumeliotis, S.I., Helmick, D.M., and Matthies, L., “Autonomous
Stair Climbing for Tracked Vehicles”,‖ International Journal of Computer Vision &
International Journal of Robotics Research – Joint Special Issue on Vision and Robotics,
26(7), pp 737-758.,(2007).
[13] Helmick.D, Roumeliotis.S, McHenry.M, Matthies.L, “Multi-sensor, high speed autonomous
stair climbing”, IEEE/RSJ Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), (2002).
[14] Schilling.K, unguis.C, “Mobile Robots for Planetary Exploration”, ‖ Control Engineering
Practice, Vol. No.4. (1996).
[15] Dakshraj Kothari, Rajesh Satankar “Review of Researches on Leaf Spring Regarding Use of
Composite Material and Various methods for Predicting Fatigue Life” IJCRR Vol.(2012).

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7028
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030
[16] K.K.Jadhao, Dr.R.SDalu- “Experimental Investigation & Numerical Analysis of leaf spring”
International Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Volume 2 Issue 1,(2007).

AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY

Prof. Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, working as Assistant Professor,

Mechanical Engineering Department, MGI-COET, Shegaon,
Dist- Buldana, Affiliated to SGBAU, Amravati. Graduation in
Mechanical Engineering from SGBAU, Amravati and post-
Graduation from Government College of Engineering,
Aurangabad. Pursuing Ph. D form SGBAU, Amravati Total
experience is Ten years and specialization in Manufacturing and
Advance Manufacturing Engineering.

Mr. Karan A. Panjwani, Studying in Mechanical Engineering,

MGI-COET, Shegaon, Dist- Buldana, affiliated to SGBAU,
Amravati.

Mr. Manish L. Joshi, Studying in Mechanical Engineering,

MGI-COET, Shegaon, Dist- Buldana, affiliated to SGBAU,
Amravati

Mr. Gaurav R. Lodaya, Studying in Mechanical Engineering,

MGI-COET, Shegaon, Dist- Buldana, affiliated to SGBAU,
Amravati

Mr. Nagsen S. Ingle, Studying in Mechanical Engineering,

MGI-COET, Shegaon, Dist- Buldana, affiliated to SGBAU,
Amravati

Mr. Akash K. Todkar, Studying in Mechanical Engineering,

MGI-COET, Shegaon, Dist- Buldana, affiliated to SGBAU,
Amravati

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7029
Load Carrier Trolley
 ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017
Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7019-7030

TO CITE THIS PAPER

Maniyar, G.K. , Panjwani, A.K. , Joshi, L.M. , Lodaya,R.G., Ingle, S.N., Todkar, K.A.
(2017) :: “Domestic Load Carrier Trolley” International Journal of Informative & Futuristic
Research (ISSN: 2347-1697), Vol. 4 No. (8), April 2017, pp. 7019-7030, Paper ID:
IJIFR/V4/E8/030.

Kamalkishor G. Maniyar, Karan A. Panjwani, Manish L. Joshi

Gaurav R. Lodaya, Nagsen S. Ingle, Akash K. Todkar:: Domestic 7030
Load Carrier Trolley