1.

jpUf;Fws;

jpUf;Fws;
,yf;fpak; ghlj;njhFg;G 5. ngha;ahnkhop
6. nja;tE}y;
 jpUf;Fws; - jpU  Fws; 7. jkpo;kiw
 ,uz;L mbfshyhd Fws; 8. KJnkhop
ntz;ghf;fshy; MdJ. 9. cj;juNtjk;
 jpUf;Fwis jpUts;Sth; vOjpdhh;. 10. jpUts;Stk;
 jpUf;Fws; Kg;ghy;fis nfhz;lJ.  jpUts;St khiy vd;gJ
mit mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy;> jpUf;Fwspd; ngUik Fwpj;Jr;
fhkj;Jg;ghy; Mfpait MFk;. rhd;Nwhh; gyh; ghba ghf;fspd;
 jpUf;Fws; 133 mjpfhuq;fisAk; 1330 njhFg;ghFk;.
Fws;fisAk; nfhz;lJ.  jpUf;FwSf;F rpwe;j ciu
 jpUf;Fwspy; gj;J mjpfhug; ngah;fs; vOjpath; ghpNkyofh; (NkYk; gyh;
cilik vd;Dk; nrhy;ypy; vOjpAs;sdh;)
mikj;Js;sd. jpUf;FwSf;Fk; VO  mwj;Jg;ghypy; - 38 mjpfhuq;fs;>
vd;Dk; vz;zpw;Fk; nghpJk; nghUl;ghypy; - 70 mjpfhuq;fs;>
njhlh;Gs;sJ. ,d;gj;Jg;ghypy; - 25 mjpfhuq;fs;
 cyf nkhopapy; cs;s mwE}y;fspy; cs;sd.
Kjd;ikahdJ jpUf;Fws;. ,J  tpf;Nlhhpah kfhuhzp> fhiyapy;
gjpndd;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. fz;tpopj;jJk; Kjypy; gbj;j E}y;
 cyf nkhopfspy; gy nkhopfspy; jpUf;Fws;.
nkhopg;ngah;f;fg;gl;l E}y; jpUf;Fws;.  jpUf;FwSf;F ciunra;j gjpd;kh;:
E}w;nwO nkhopfspy; jUkh;> jhkj;jh;> ghpjp> jpUkiyah;>
nkhopngah;ff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ. ghpg;ngUkhs;> kzf;Fjth;> er;rh;>
 „MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWjp ghpNkyofh;> ky;yh;> fhspq;fh;.
ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp‟  jpUf;Fwis ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy;
,jpy; ehY vd;gJ ehybahiuAk;> nkhop ngah;j;jth; - tPukh Kdpth;
,uz;L vd;gJ jpUf;Fwspd; [p.A.Nghg; Mq;fpyj;jpy;
mUikiaAk; tpsf;FfpwJ. nkhopngah;j;jhh;.
kiyar;Jtrd; kfd; Qhdg;gpufhrk;
1812-,y; jpUf;Fwis Kjd;Kjypy;  jpUts;Sth;
gjpg;gpj;Jj; jQ;irapy; ntspapl;lhh;.  jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpath; jpUts;Sth;.
,tuJ fhyk; fp.K.31 vd;W $Wth;.
 rpwg;Gg; ngah;fs; ,ij njhlf;fkhff; nfhz;Nl
1. cyfg; nghJkiw jpUts;Sth; Mz;L
2. Kg;ghy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
3. thAiw tho;j;J  ,tuJ Ch;> ngw;Nwhh; Fwpj;j
4. nghJkiw KOikahd nra;jpfs;
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,th; rkz  jpUf;Fws; VO rPh;fshy; mike;j

kjj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; vd;gJ cWjp. ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
 jpUts;Sth; nrQ;Qhg;Nghjhh;>  VO vd;Dk; vz;Zg;ngah; vl;Lf;
nja;tg; Gyth;> ehadhh;> Kjw;ghtyh;> Fwl;ghf;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
ehd;Kfdhh;> khjhDghq;fp>  mjpfhuq;fs; 133 ,jd; $l;Lj;njhif
ngUehtyh;> ngha;apy; Gyth; vd gy VO.
rpwg;Gg; ngah;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;.  nkhj;j Fwl;ghf;fs; 1330. ,jd;
 jpUts;Sth; Mz;L fzf;fpLk; $l;Lj; njhifAk; VO.
Kiw: fpwp];J Mz;L (fp.gp.)  31 –
jpUts;Sth; Mz;L. v.fh: 2013  31 jpUts;Stkhiy
– 2043 (fp.gp. 2013I jpUts;Sth; Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:
Mz;L 2044 vd;W $WNthk;.)  ngah; - fgpyh;
 jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;e;j  fhyk; - fp.gp. ,uz;lhk;
tPukhKdpth; ,yj;jPdpYk;> [p.A.Nghg; E}w;whz;ilr; rhh;e;jtnud;Wk;> rq;f
Mq;fpyj;jpYk; nkhop ngah;j;jdh;. fhyj;jpw;F gpd; tho;e;jth; vd;Wk;
 ,e;E}y; cyf nkhopfs; gytw;wpYk; $Wth;.
nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  E}y; Fwpg;G – jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;gpid
 jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk; E}y; ,jd; czh;j;j jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk;
ngUikf;Fk;> rpwg;Gf;fk; rhd;whf E}y; vOe;jJ.
jpfo;fpwJ.  ,e;E}ypy; Ik;gj;ije;J ghly;fs;
 cUrpa ehl;by; mZ Jisf;fhj cs;sd.
fphuk;spd; khspifapy; cs; Ruq;fg;  Ik;gj;J%d;W Gyth;fs; ghbAs;sdh;.
ghJfhg;Gg; ngl;lfj;jpy; jpUf;FwSk;  jpUts;St khiy
,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. “jpizasT Nghjhr; rpWGy;ePh;
 ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;Lf; fhl;rpr; rhiyapy; ePz;l
jpUf;Fws; tptpypaj;Jld; gidasT fhl;Lk; gbj;jhy;; -
itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. „ts;Stidg; kidasF
ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk‟ ts;isf;(F)
vd;Wk; cwq;Fk; tsehl!ts;Stdhh;
 „,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F nts;isf; Fwl;gh tphp”.
,e;epyj;Nj‟ vd;Wk;
ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd; jpUf;Fwisg; fgpyh;
Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;shh;. gj;njhd;gJ mjpfhuq;fs;
1. md;Gilik
 kiyaj;Jtrd; kfd; Qhdg;gpufhrk;
2. gz;Gilik
1812y; jpUf;Fwis Kjd;Kjypy;
3. fy;tp
gjpg;gpj;Jj; jQ;irapy; ntspapl;lhh;.
4. Nfs;tp
 jpUf;FwSf;Fk; VO vd;Dk;
5. mwpT
vz;zpw;Fk; nghpJk; njhlh;Gs;sJ.
6. mlf;fk;
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

7. xOf;fk; 4. md;G<Dk; Mh;tk; cilik

8. nghiwAilik mJ<Dk;
9. el;G ez;Gvd;Dk; ehlhr; rpwg;G
10. tha;ik nghUs;: md;G tpUg;gj;ijj; jUk;.
11. fhyk; tpUg;gk; midthplKk;
12. typ el;Gf;nfhs;Sk; nghUk;rpwg;igj;
13. xg;Gutwpjy; jUk;.
14. nra;e;ed;wp mwpjy;
15. rhd;whik 5. md;Gw;W mkh;e;j tof;Fvd;g
16. nghpaiuj; Jizf;Nfhly; itafj;J
17. nghUs; nray;tif ,d;Gw;whh; va;Jk; rpwg;G
18. tpidj;jpl;gk; nghUs;: md;NghL nghUe;jpa
19. ,dpait $wy; tho;f;if newpiaf; filg;gpbj;jth;
cyfj;jpy; kfpo;rr ; p cilath; Mth;.
1. md;Gilik
1. md;gpw;Fk; cz;Nlh milf;Fk;jho; 6. mwj;jpw;Nf md;Grhh;G vd;g mwpahh;
Mh;tyh; kwj;jpw;Fk; m/Nj Jiz
Gd;fzPh; G+ry; jUk;. nghUs;: md;G mwj;ij kl;Lk;
nghUs;: md;ig milj;J itf;f rhh;e;j vd;W $WNthh; mwpahjth;
jho;g;ghs; ,y;iy md;Gf;Fhpathpd; tPuj;jpw;Fk; md;Gjhd; Jiz
Jd;gj;ijg; ghh;j;jJNk ek; md;G>
fz;zPuhf ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk;. 7. vd;gp yjid ntapy;Nghyf; fhANk
md;gp yjid mwk;
2. md;gpy;yhh; vy;yhk; jkf;Fhpah; nghUs;: vYk;gpy;yhj caph;fis
md;Gilahh; ntapy; tUj;jp mopg;gJNghy>
vd;Gk; chpah; gpwh;fF
; md;gpy;yhj caph;fis mwk; tUj;jp
nghUs;: md;gpy;yhjth; vy;yhg; mopf;Fk;.
nghUSk; jkf;F kl;Lk; chpaJ
vd;D vz;Zth; md;G vilatNuh 8. md;gfj;J ,y;yh caph;tho;f;if
jk; cly;> nghUs;> Mtp Mfpa
midj;Jk; gpwUf;nfd vz;zpLth;. td;ghw;fz;
tw;wy; kuk;jsph;j; jw;W
3. md;NghL ,iae;j tof;Fvd;g nghUs;: ghiy epyj;jpy; cs;s
MUaph;f;F thbg;Ngh kuk; jsph;f;fhJ. mJNghy>
vd;NghL ,iae;j njhlh;G neQ;rpy; md;G ,y;yhj kdpjh;
nghUs;: clk;NghL caph; tho;f;if jsph;f;fhJ.
,ize;J ,Ug;gijg; Nghy>
tho;f;if newpNahL md;G ,ize;J 9. Gwj;JWg;G vy;yhk; vtd;nra;Ak;
,Uf;fpwJ. ahf;if
mfj;Jwg;G md;gp yhh;f;F
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: neQ;rpy; md;G nghUs;: Neh;ikiaAk;

,y;yhjth;f;F> iffhy; Nghd;w cly; mwj;ijAk; nfhz;L gpwUf;F
cWg;Gfshy; vd;d gad;? cjTjy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa
gz;ghsiuNa cyfk; Nghw;Wk;.
10. md;gpd; topaJ caph;epiy
m/jpyhh;f;F 5. eifAs;Sk; ,d;dhJ ,fo;rr; p
vd;GNjhy; Nghh;j;j clk;G gifAs;Sk;
nghUs;: md;G nra;tJ jhd; gz;Gs ghlwpthh; khl;L
clk;gpy; caph; ,Ug;gjw;F nghUs;: tpisahl;lhf xUtiu
milahsk;. md;gpy;yhjyh; clk;G ,fo;e;J NgRjYk; Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;.
ntWk; Njhyhy; %lg;gl;l vYk;G gpwUila ,ay;ig mwpe;J
jhd;. mq;F caph; ,y;iy. elg;gthplj;jpy; gifikapUg;gpDk;
ey;y gz;Gfs; ,Uf;Fk;.
2. gz;Gilik
1. vz;gjj;jhy; va;jy; vspnjd;g 6. gz;Gilahh;g; gl;Lz;L cyfk;
ahh;khl;Lk; mJtpd;Nwy;
gz;Gilik vd;Dk; tof;F kz;Gf;F kha;tJ kd;
nghUs;: ahhplj;Jk; vspikahfg; nghUs;: cyfk;
gofpdhy; gz;Gilik vd;Dk; gz;Gilath;fshNy epiyngw;W
ed;ndwpia miljy; vspJ. ,Uf;fpwJ. ,y;iynadpy;> ,t;Tyfk;
kz;NzhL kz;zhfp mope;JtpLk;.
2. md;Gilik Md;w Fbg;gpwj;jy;
,t;tpuz;Lk; 7. muk;NghYk; $h;ika NuDk;
gz;Gilik vd;Dk; tof;F kuk;Nghy;th;
nghUs;: md;Gilatuhfj; kf;fl;gz;(G) ,y;yh jth;
jpfo;jy;> cah;e;j Fbg;gpwg;G Mfpa nghUs;: muk;Nghd;w $h;ikahd
,t;tpuz;Lk; gz;ghshpd; ,ay;G. mwpTilauhf ,Ug;gpDk;>
kf;fSf;Fhpa gz;G ,y;yhjth;
3. cWg;nghj;jy; kf;fnshg;G md;why; XuwpTila kukhfNt fUjg;gLthh;.

ntWj;jf;f 8. ez;ghw;wh uhfp eakpy nra;thh;f;Fk;

gz;nghj;jy; xg;gjhk; xg;G gz;ghw;wh uhjy;; fil
nghUs;: clk;ghy; xj;jpUj;jy; nghUs;: el;Gf;nfhs;s
kf;fNshL xg;Gik md;W> ,ayhjtuha;j; jPq;F
nghUe;jj;jf;f gz;ghy; xj;jpUj;jNy nra;gthplj;jpYk; gz;Gilatuha;g;
kf;fshff; nfhs;sj;jf;f gof ,ayhjJ mopthd nrayhFk;.
xg;GikahFk;.
9. efy;ty;yh; my;yhh;f;F khapU Qhyk;
4. eandhL ed;wp Ghpe;j gaDilahh; gfYk;ghw; gl;ld; wpUs;
gz;Ggh uhl;Lk; cyF.
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: gpwNuhL gofpg; Ngrpr; vg;nghOJ fhz;Nghk;‟ vd vz;zpg;

rphpj;J kfpo ,ayhjtUf;F gphptJk; Gythpd; ,ay;ghFk;.
kpfg;nghpa ,t;Tyfk; gfYk;
,UshfNt Njhd;Wk;. 5. cilahh;Kd; ,y;yhh;Nghy; Vf;fw;Wk;
fw;whh;
10. gz;gpyhd; ngw;w ngUQ;nry;tk; filaNu fy;yh jth;
ed;ghy; nghUs;: nry;tk; cilath;kd;
fye;jPik ahy;jphpe; jw;W Vio ftiyg;gl;L ,ue;J
nghUs;: gz;gpy;yhjtd; ngw;w epw;gJNghyf; fw;wth;Kd; gzpe;J
ngUQ;nry;tkhdJ> ghj;jpuj;jpd; fw;gtNu cah;e;jth; gzpe;J
jd;ikahy; ey;y ghy; jphptJ fy;yhjth; jho;e;jth;.
Nghd;wJ.
6. njhl;lidj;J CWk; kzw;Nfzp
3. fy;tp khe;jh;f;Ff;
1. fw;f frlwf; fw;git fw;wgpd; fw;widj;J CWk; mwpT
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf nghUs;: kzw;ghq;fhd ,lj;jpy;
nghUs;: E}y;fisf; Fw;wkwf; Njhz;lj;Njhz;l ePh; Ruf;Fk;.
fw;wy; Ntz;Lk;. fw;wgb elj;jy; mJNghy kf;fs; E}y;fisf;
Ntz;Lk;. fw;ff;fw;f mth;jk; mwpT tsUk;.

2. vz;vd;g Vid vOj;njd;g 7. ahjhDk; ehlhkhy; Cuhkhy;

,t;tpuz;Lk; vd;ndhUtd;
fz;vd;g thOk; caph;f;F rhe;JizAk; fy;yhj thW
nghUs;: vz;Zk; vOj;Jk; Mfpa nghUs;: fw;wtDf;F ve;j ehLk;
,t;tpuz;Lk; kdpjh;fSf;F ,U jd; ehlhFk; ve;j CUk; jd;
fz;fs; vdf; $Wth;. CuhFk;. ,jid mwpe;Jk; rpyh;
rhFk;tiu fw;fhky; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?
3. fz;cilah; vd;gth; fw;Nwhh;
Kfj;jpuz;L 8. xUikf;fz; jhd;fw;w fy;tp xUtw;F
Gz;cilahh; fy;yh jth; vOikAk; Vkhg;G cilj;J
nghUs;: fy;tp fw;wth; fz; nghUs;: xU gpwg;gpy;> jhd;
cilath; fy;yhjth; Kfj;jpy; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ey;ywpT> ,dp vOk;
,uz;L Gz;Zilath; Mth;. gpwtpfSf;Fk; ghJfhg;igj; jUk;.

4. ctg;gj; jiyf;$b cs;sg; gphpjy; 9. jhk;,d; GWtJ cyF,d; Gwf;fz;L

midj;Nj Gyth; njhopy; fhKWht; fw;wwpe; jhh;
nghUs;: mwptpy; rpwe;j nghUs;: jhq;fs; ,d;gk; milAk;
Gyth;fSld; Ngrpg; goFk;NghJ fy;tpahy; cyfk; ,d;gk;
kfpo;rr
; pahf ,Ug;gJk;> mth;fis miltjidf; fz;L> fw;wth;
tpl;Lg;gphpAk;NghJ> „,dp ,tiu Nkd;NkYk; fw;w tpUk;Gth;.
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

Cd;WNfhy; Nghyj; Jizahf

10. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F epw;Fk;.
khly;y kw;iw ait
nghUs;: xUtDf;F mopahj 5. ,Of;fy; cilAop Cw;Wf;Nfhy;
rpwe;j nry;tk; fy;tpahFk;. fy;tp mw;Nw
jtpu> kw;wr; nry;tq;fs; vy;yhk; xOf;fk; cilahh;tha;r; nrhy;
nry;tq;fs; Mfkhl;lh. nghUs;: tOf;Ffpd;w epyj;jpy;
Cd;WNfhy; cjTtJNghy>
4. Nfs;tp ey;nyhOf;fk; kpf;f nghpNahhpd;
1. nry;tj;Js; nry;tk; nrtpr;nry;tk;> tha;rn
; rhw;fs; tho;f;iff;F vd;Wk;
mr;nry;tk; cjTk;.
nry;tj;js; vy;yhk; jiy.
nghUs;: nry;tq;fSs; rpwe;jJ 6. vidj;jhDk; ey;yit Nfl;f>
rpwe;J Nfs;tpr; nry;tk;. mJNt midj;jhYk;
nry;tq;fs; midj;jpYk; Md;;w ngUik jUk;
Kjd;ikahdJ. nghUs;: vtUk; mwpQhpd;
ey;Yiufisf; Nfl;ly; Ntz;Lk;.
2. nrtpf;FzT ,y;yhj Ngho;J> rpwpJ me;ey;Yiu vt;tsT rpwpNj MapDk;
tapw;Wf;Fk; <ag; gLk;. mjidf; Nfl;l mstpw;F epiwe;j
nghUs;: nrtpf;Fzthfpa ngUikia mJ Njbj; jUk;.
ey;ywpT fpilf;fhj nghOjpy;
tapw;Wf;Fk; rpwpjsT czT 7. gpioj;Jzh;e;Jk; Ngijik nrhy;yhh;
mspf;fg;gLk;. ,ioj;
Jzh;e;
3. nrtpAztpd; Nfs;tp cilahh; jPz;ba Nfs;tp ath;
mtpAztpd; nghUs;: El;gkhf Ma;e;jwpe;j
Md;whNuh nlhg;gh; epyj;J Nfs;tp mwpTilNahh;> nrhy;gthpd;
nghUs;: nrtp czthfpa fUj;ijj; jtwhf czh;e;jpUe;jhYk;>
Nfs;tpapid cilath; ,t;Tyfpy; xUnghOJk; jPanrhw;fisf;
tho;e;jhYk;> mth;> mtp czitf; $wkhl;lhh;.
nfhz;L Njth;fSf;F xg;ghth;.
8. Nfl;gpDk; Nfshj; jifaNt
4. fw;wpyd; MapDk; Nfl;f> Nfs;tpahy;
m/njhUtw;(F) Njhl;fg; glhj nrtp
xw;fj;jpd; Cw;whe; Jiz nghUs;: Nfs;tpahy;
nghUs;: xUtd; fw;f tha;g;G Jisf;fg;glhj nrtpfSf;Ff;
,y;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk; fw;whhplk; Nfl;Fk; jd;ik ,Ug;gpDk; Nfshj
nrd;W Nfl;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. nrtpfshfNt fUjg;gLk;.
tho;f;ifapy; jsh;r;rpAWk;NghJ
mf;Nfs;tpawpthdJ> mtDf;F
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

9. Ezq;fpa Nfs;tpia uy;yhh; 4. vz;nghUs thfr; nryr;nrhy;ypj;

tzq;fpa
thapd uhjy; mhpJ jhd;gpwh;tha;
nghUs;: El;gkhfpa Nfs;tpawpT Ez;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT
,y;yhjth; gzpthd nrhw;fisg; nghUs;: jhd; nrhy;Ytd vspa
NgRtjpy;iy. nghUisAiladthfg; gjpAkhW
nrhy;yp> jhd; gpwhplk; Nfl;gtw;wpd;
10. nrtpapd; RitAzuh thAzh;tpd; El;gkhdg; nghUisAk; Muha;e;J
khf;fs; fhz;gNj mwpthFk;.
mtpapDk; thopDk; vd;
nghUs;: Nfs;tpapd; thapyhfr; 5. cyfk; joP,a njhl;gk; kyh;jYk;
nrtpr;Rit czuhJ. cztpd; $k;gYk; ,y;y jwpT.
thapyhf tha;r;Rit kl;LNk nghUs;: cyfj;J cah;e;jtiu
czUk; kf;fs; ,we;jhYk; vd;d? el;ghf;fp nfhs;tJ rpwe;j mwpT>
tho;e;jhYk; vd;d? Kd;Nd kfpo;e;J tphpjYk; gpd;Nd
tUe;jpf; FtpjYk; ,y;yhj mwpT.
5. mwpTilik
1. mwptw;wq; fhf;Fq; fUtp 6. vt;t JiwtJ cyfk; cyfj;NjhL
nrWthh;f;Fk; mt;t Jiwt jwpT.
cs;sopf;f yhfh muz; nghUs;: cyfk; vt;thW
nghUs;: mwpT mopT tuhky; eilngWfpd;wNjh> cyfj;NjhL
fhf;Fk; fUtpahFk;> md;wpAk; nghUe;jpa tifapy; jhDk; mt;thW
gifnfhz;L vjph;g;gth;f;Fk; mopf;f elg;gNj mwpthFk;.
Kbahj cs;suZk; MFk;.
7. mwpTilahh; Mt jwpthh; mwptpyhh;
2. nrd;w ,lj;jhy; nrytplh jPnjhhP, m/jwp fy;yh jth;.
ed;wpd;ghy; ca;g;g jwpT nghUs;: mwpTilNahh;
nghUs;: kdj;ij nrd;w ,lj;jpy; vjph;fhyj;jpy; epfog;Nghtij Kd;Nd
nry;ytplhky;> jPikahdjpypUe;J vz;zp mwpaty;yhh;> mwptpy;yhjth;
ePf;fpf; fhj;J ed;ikahdjpy; mjid mwpa Kbahjth;.
nry;ytpLtNj mwpthFk;.
8. mQ;Rt jQ;rhik Ngijik
3. vg;nghUs; ahh;ahh;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mQ;RtJ
mg;nghUs; mQ;ry; mwpthh; njhopy;
nka;g;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT. nghUs;: mQ;rj;jf;fijf; fz;L
nghUs;: vg;nghUis ahh; ahh; mQ;rhjpUg;gJ mwpahikahFk;.
,lk; Nfl;lhYk; (Nfl;lthNw mQ;rj; jf;fijj; fz;L mQ;RtNj
nfhs;shky;) mg;nghUspd; nka;ahdg; mwpTilathpd; njhopyhFk;.
nghUisf; fhz;gNj mwpthFk;.
9. vjpuhf; fhf;Fk; mwptpdhh;f; fpy;iy
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

mjpu tUtNjhh; Neha; ey;Nyhuhy; mwpag;gl;L Nkd;ik

nghUs;: tug;Nghtij Kd;Nd gaf;Fk;.
mwpe;J fhj;Jf; nfhs;sty;y
mwpTilath;f;F> mth; eLq;Fk; 4. epiyapd; jphpahJ mlq;fpahd;
gbahf tuf;$ba Jd;gk; xd;Wk; Njhw;wk;
,y;iy. kiyapDk; khzg; nghpJ
nghUs;: jd; epiyapypUe;J
10. mwpTilahh; vy;yh Kilahh; khWglhky; mlq;fp xOFNthDila
mwptpyhh; cah;T> kiyapd; cah;it tpl
vd;Dila NuDk; ,yh;. kpfTk; nghpjhFk;.
nghUs;: mwpTilath;
(Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;yh jpUg;gpDk;) 5. vy;yhh;f;Fk; ed;whk; gzpjy;
vy;yhk; cilatNu Mth;. mtUs;Sk;
mwptpy;hjth; NtW vd;d nry;th;f;Nf nry;tk; jifj;J.
cilatuhf ,Ug;gpDk; xd;Wk; nghUs;: gzpTilatuhf xOFjy;
,y;yhjtNu Mth;. nghJthf vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; ey;yjhFk;.
mth;fSs; rpwg;ghfr; nry;th;f;Nf
6. mlf;fKilik kw;nwhU nry;tk; Nghd;wjhFk;.
1. mlf;fk; mkuUs; ca;f;Fk;
mlq;fhik 6. xUikAs; MikNghy; Ie;jlf;fy;
MhpUs; ca;j;J tpLk; Mw;wpd;
nghUs;: mlf;fk; xUtid vOikAk; Vkhg; Gilj;J.
cah;j;jpj; NjtUs; Nrh;f;Fk; mlf;fk; nghUs;: xU gpwg;gpy;> MikNghy;
,y;yhjpUj;jy; nghy;yhj ,Us; Ik;nghwpfisAk; mlf;fpahs
Nghd;w jPa tho;f;ifapy; nrYj;jp ty;ytdhdhy;> m/J mtDf;Fg; gy
tpLk;. gpwg;gpYk; fhg;ghFk; rpwg;G cilaJ.

2. fhf;f nghUsh mlf;fj;ij Mf;fk; 7. ahfhth uhapDk; ehfhf;f fhthf;fhy;

mjdpD}cq; fpy;iy caph;f;F Nrhfhg;gh; nrhy;Of;Fg; gl;L.
nghUs;: mlf;fj;ij cWjpg; nghUs;: fhf;f Ntz;batw;Ws;
nghUshff; nfhz;L Nghw;wpf; fhf;f vtw;iwf; fhf;f tpl;lhYk;
Ntz;Lk;. me;j mlf;fj;ij tpl ehitahtJ fhf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhf;fj;
Nkk;gl;l Mf;fk; caph;f;F ,y;iy. jtwpdhy; nrhw;Fw;wj;jpy; mfg;gl;Lj;
Jd;GWth;.
3. nrwptwpe;J rPh;ik gaf;Fk;
mwptwpe;J 8. xd;whDe; jPr;nrhy; nghUl;gad;
Mw;wpd; mlq;fg; ngwpd; cz;lhapd;
nghUs;: mwpa Ntz;batw;iw ed;whfh jhfp tpLk;.
mwpe;J ey;topapy; mlq;fp nghUs;: jPa nrhw;fspd;
xOfg;ngw;why;> me;j mlf;fk; nghUshy; tpisAk; jPik
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

xd;whapDk; xUtdplk; cz;lhdhy;> nghUs;: xOf;fk; cs;stNu

mjdhy; kw;w mwq;fhshYk; ed;ik cah;Fbapdh;. mt;nthOf;fk;
tpisahky; NghFk;. ,y;yhjth; ,opFbapdh;.

9. jPapdhw; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj 4. kwg;gpD Nkhj;Jf; nfhsyhFk;

ehtpdhw; Rl;l tL. ghh;g;ghd;
nghUs;: jPapdhy; Rl;l Gz; gpwg;nghOf;fq; Fd;wf; nfLk;.
Gwj;Nj tL ,Ue;jhYk; cs;Ns nghUs;: xUtd;> jhd; fw;w
MwptpLk;. Mdhy; ehtpdhy; jPa fy;tpia kwe;jhYk; mjid kPz;Lk;
nrhy; $wpr; RLk; tL vd;Wk; MwhJ. fw;Wf;nfhs;s ,aYk;. Mdhy;>
xOf;fk; Fiwe;jhy;> mtDila
10. fjq;fhj;Jf; fw;wlq;fy; Mw;Wthd; Fbg;gpwg;gpd; rpwg;G mope;J NghFk;.
nrt;tp
mwk;ghh;f;Fk; Mw;wpd; Eioe;J. 5. mOf;fh Wilahd;fz; Mf;fk;Nghd;
nghUs;: rpdk; Njhd;whky; fhj;J> wpy;iy
fy;tp fw;W> mlf;fKilatdhf xOf;fk; ,yhd;fz; cah;T
,Uf;f ty;ytDila nrt;tpia> nghUs;: nghwhik cilatdplk;
mtDila topapy; nrd;W mwk; nry;tk; epiyf;fhJ. mJNghy
ghh;j;jpUf;Fk;. xOf;fk; ,y;yhjtdplk; cah;T
,Uf;fhJ.
7. xOf;fKilik
1. xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhd;> xOf;fk; 6. xOf;fj;jpd; xy;fhh; cuNthh;
caphpDk; Xk;gg; gLk;. ,Of;fj;jpd;
nghUs;: xUtl;F midj;Jr; Vjk; gLghf; fwpe;J
rpwg;GfisAk; jUtJ xOf;fNk> nghUs;: xOf;fk; jtWjyhy;
Mjyhy; mt;nthOf;fj;ij caphpDk; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fis ed;Fzh;e;J
Nkyhdjhff; fUjpf; fhj;jy; kdtypik kpf;Nfhh;> mt;nthOf;f
Ntz;Lk;. newpapypUe;J rpwpJk; tpyfkhl;lhh;.

2. ghpe;Njhk;gpf; fhf;f xOf;fk; 7. xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; Nkd;ik>

njhpe;Njhk;gpj; ,Of;fj;jpd;
NjhpDk; m/Nj Jiz va;Jth; va;jhg; gop
nghUs;: vk;Kiwapy; Muha;e;J nghUs;: xOf;fKilNahh;
ghh;j;jhYk; xOf;fNk ey;y Jiz Nkd;ik milth;. xOf;fk;
MFk;. xOf;fj;ijf; fhg;gJ ,y;yhjth; milaf; $lhj gopia
fbdkhdhYk; vg;ghLgl;lhtJ> milth;.
mjid tpUk;gpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
8. ed;wpf;F tpj;jhFk; ey;nyhOf;fk;>
3. xOf;f Kilik Fbik ,Of;fk; jPnahOf;fk;
,ope;j gpwg;gha; tpLk;. vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUk;.
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: ey;nyhOf;fk; vd;gJ nghUs;: tpUe;jpdiu tuNtw;f

ed;ik vd;Dk; tpisitg; ,ayhJ jtph;f;Fk; epiy> tWikAs;
ngWtjw;fhd tpijahFk;. nfhba tWikahFk;. mJNghy>
jPnahOf;fk; vg;nghOJk; mwptw;whh; nra;Ak; jPq;Ffisg;
Jd;gj;ijNa tpisthfj; jUk;. nghWj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; typikAs;
rpwe;j typikahFk;.
9. xOf;fk; cilath;f; nfhy;yNt jPa
tOf;fpAk; thahw; nrhyy;. 4. epiwAilik ePq;fhik
nghUs;: ey;nyhOf;fk; Ntz;bd;>nghiwAilik
cilNahuhy; jtwpAk; jk; thahy; Nghw;wp xOfg; gLk;.
jPikjUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhy;y nghUs;: ew;Fzq;fs; ek;iktpl;L
,ayhJ. ePq;fhjpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;>
nghWikia ehk; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy;
10. cyfj;Njh nlhl;lh xOfy;> Ntz;Lk;.
gyfw;Wk;
fy;yhh; mwptpyh jhh;. 5. xWj;jhiu xd;whf itahNu> itg;gh;
nghUs;: cah;e;jhNuhL nghUe;j nghWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghw; nghjpe;J
thOk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjth;> nghUs;: gpwh; nra;Ak; jPq;fpidg;
vt;tsTjhd; fw;wpUe;jhYk; nghWj;jf; nfhs;shky; jz;bg;gtiur;
mwptpy;yhjtNu Mthh;. rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;f
khl;lhh;. Mdhy; mj;jPq;fpidg;
8. nghiwAilik nghWj;;Jf; nfhs;gtiug; nghd;Nghy;
1. mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; kjpj;J kdj;Js; itj;Jg;Nghw;Wth;.
jk;ik
,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy 6. xWj;jhh;f; nfhUehis ,d;gk;
nghUs;: epykhdJ> jd;idj; nghWj;jhh;f;Fg;
Njhz;LgtiuAk; jhq;FtJ Nghy> nghd;Wk; JizAk; Gfo;
ek;ik ,opTfLj;JNthiu ehk; nghUs;: gpwh; nra;Ak; jPikiag;
nghWj;Jf;nfhs;tNj rpwe;j gz;G. nghWj;Jf; nfhs;shJ jz;bj;jth;f;F
xUehs; kl;LNk ,d;gk; fpl;Lk;
2. nghWj;jy; ,wg;gpid vd;Wk; mjid mjidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;lthpd;
kwj;jy; mjdpDk; ed;W Gfo;> cyfk; cs;stiuf;Fk;
nghUs;: gpwh; nra;Ak; Jd;gj;ij epiyj;J epw;Fk;.
xUth; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
rpwe;jJ> mj;Jd;gj;ij kwe;JtpLjy; 7. jpwdy;y jw;gpwh; nra;apDk;
mjidtplr; rpwe;jJ. Nehnehe;(J)
mwdy;y nra;ahik ed;W
3. ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;njhuhy; nghUs;: nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr;
td;ikAs; nray;fisg; gpwh; jdf;Fr;
td;ik klthh;g; nghiw nra;jhYk;> jhd; mj;Jd;fj;jpw;F
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

tUe;jp> mwj;jpw;F khwhd nghUs;: mwpTilath;fspd; el;G

nray;fis mtUf;Fr; tsh;gpiw Nghy ehSk; tsUk;
nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ. mwptpyhh; el;G Nja;gpiw Nghy
ehSk; NjAk;.
8. kpFjpahd; kpf;fit nra;jhiuj;
jhk;jk; 3. etpy;njhWk; E}y;eak; NghYk;
jFjpahd; ntd;W tply; gapy;njhWk;
nghUs;: nrUf;fpdhy; jPik gz;Gil ahsh; njhlh;G
nra;jhiuAk; jj;jk; nghWikapdhy; nghUs;: ey;y E}y;fspd; nghUs;
mtiu ntw;wp nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. fw;ff;fw;f ,d;ge;jUk;. mJNghy>
gz;Gilahhpd; el;ghdJ gofg;gof
9. Jwe;jhhpd; J}a;ik cilah; ,d;gk; jUk;.
,we;jhh;tha;
,d;dhr;nrhy; Nehw;fpw; gth; 4. eFjy; nghUl;ld;W el;ly;
nghUs;: tuk;G fle;J NgRNthhpd; kpFjpf;fz;
jPa nrhw;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; Nkw;nrd;W ,bj;jw; nghUl;L
nfhs;gtNu gw;ww;w JwtpahpDk; nghUs;: el;G vd;gJ> rphpj;Jg;
Nkyhdth;. Ngrp kfpo;tjw;F kl;Lkd;W
ez;ghplj;Jj; jtW fhZk;NghJ>
10. cz;zhJ Nehw;ghh; nghpah; mtiuf; fbe;Jiuj;Jj; jpUj;jp
gpwh;nrhy;Yk; ey;topg;gLj;JjYk; MFk;.
,d;dhr;nrhy; Nehw;ghhpd; gpd;
nghUs;: cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; 5. Gzh;r;rp goFjy; Ntz;lh
nghpath;fis tplj; jk;ik czh;r;rpjhd;
,fo;Nthhpd; jPanrhw;fisg; el;ghq; fpoik jUk;.
nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gtNu Nkyhdth; nghUs;: ,Uth; Nrh;e;jpUe;jYk;
Mthh;. neUq;fpg; goFjYk; el;ghfhJ.
,Uth;jk; xj;j kdTzh;Nt
9. el;G el;Ghpikiaf; nfhLf;Fk;.
1. nraw;fhpa ahTs el;gpd; mJNghy;
tpidf;fhpa ahTs fhg;G 6. Kfef el;gJ el;gd;W neQ;rj;J
nghUs;: el;igg; Nghyr; Mfef el;gJ el;G
nra;Jnfhs;tjw;F mhpa cwTfs; nghUs;: Kfk; kl;Lk; kyUk;gb
vitAk; ,y;iy. me;j el;igg; el;Gf;nfhs;tJ el;ghfhJ cs;sk;
Nghyr; nra;fpd;w nraYf;Fr; rpwe;j kfpOk;gb md;ghf el;Gf;nfhs;tNj
ghJfhg;G NtW vitAk; ,y;iy. ey;y el;G.
7. Moptp ditePf;fp MWa;j;J
2. epiwePu ePuth; Nfz;ik gpiwkjpg; moptpd;fz;
gpd;ePu Ngijahh; el;G my;yy; cog;gjhk; el;G

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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: mopitj;jUk;
Jd;gq;fspypUe;J ez;gid tpyf;fp> 2. ngha;ikAk; tha;ik ,lj;j
mtid ey;topapy; nrYj;Jjy; GiujPhe
; ;j
Ntz;Lk;. mtDf;F mopTNeUk;NghJ ed;ik gaf;F nkdpd;
cldpUe;J jhDk; mjpy; gq;Nfw;W> nghUs;: gpwh;f;Ff; Fw;wkw;w
moptpypUe;J kPl;ly; Ntz;Lk;. ed;ikiaj; jUkhapd; ngha;Ak;
cz;ikahff; fUjg;gLk;.
8. cLf;if ,oe;jtd; ifNghy Mq;Nf
,Lf;fz; fistjhk; el;G 3. jd;neQ;R mwptJ ngha;aw;f
nghUs;: cLj;jpa Mil ngha;j;jgpd;
eOTk;NghJ jd;idawpahky; jd;neQ;Nr jd;idr; RLk;.
ifahdJ> jhNd nrd;W fhf;Fk; nghUs;: jd; neQ;rk; mwpe;J
mJNghy> ez;gd; Jd;GWk;NghJ ngha; $wf;$lhJ. $wpd;> jd;
tpiue;J nrd;W mtid neQ;rNk jd;id tUj;Jk;.
mj;Jd;gj;jpypUe;J fhg;gNj el;G.
4. cs;sj;jhy; ngha;ah njhOfpd;
9. el;gpw;F tPw;wpUf;if ahnjdpd; cyfj;jhh;
nfhl;gpd;wp cs;sj;Js; vy;yhk; csd;
Xy;Yk;tha; Cd;Wk; epiy nghUs;: xUtd; jd; cs;sk;
nghUs;: el;gpw;Fr; rpwe;j epiy mwpa ngha;apy;yhky; elg;ghdhdhy;>
vJntd;why;> vg;NghJk; NtWgLjy; mj;jifatd; cyfj;jhh;
,y;yhky;> ,aYk;NghJ vy;yhk; cs;sq;fspy; vy;yhk; ,Ug;gtd;
cjtp nra;J jhq;Fjy;. Mthd;.

10. ,idah; ,th;vkf;F ,d;dk;ahk; 5. kdj;njhL tha;ik nkhopapd;

vd;W jtj;njhL
GidapDk; Gy;nyd;Dk; el;G jhdk;nra; thhpd; jiy.
nghUs;: ,th; vkf;F ,j;jifa nghUs;: kdj;njhL nghUe;jpa
md;gpdh; ahk; ,th;f;F ,j;jidr; tha;ik NgRgtd;> jhdk; jtk;
rpwg;Gilath; vdg; Gfo;e;J $wpDk; nra;fpwth;fisf; fhl;bYk;
mJ fPohd el;ghFk;. cah;e;jtdhff; fUjg;gLthd;.

10. tha;ik
1. tha;ik vdg;gLt(J) ahnjdpd;; 6. ngha;ahik md;d Gfo;,y;iy
ahnjhd;Wk; va;ahik
jPik ,yhj nrhyy; vy;yh mwKk; jUk;.
nghUs;: tha;ik vdg; nghUs;: ngha; Ngrhik
Nghw;wg;gLk; gz;G vJ ntdpy;> mJ xUtDf;F vy;yhg; GfioAk; jUk;
kw;wth;f;F vt;tifapYk; jPq;F juhj m/J mtd; tUe;jhkNyNa
nrhw;fisg; NgRjy; mtDf;F vy;yh eyd;fisAk; jUk;.
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

ntd;WtpLk;. mJNghyg; gifia

7. ngha;ahik ngha;ahik Mw;wpd; nty;yf; fUJk; Nte;jh;> Vw;w fhyk;
mwk;gpw mwpe;J nraw;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
nra;ahik nra;ahik ed;W
nghUs;: ngha; nrhy;yhik 2. gUtj;Njh nlhl;l xOfy;
vd;Dk; mwj;ij ,iltplhky; jpUtpidj;
filg;gpbj;jhy;> NtW ve;j jPuhik ahh;f;Fq; fapW.
mwq;fisAk; nra;a Ntz;baJ nghUs;: fhyj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jpa
,y;iy. nraiy Nkw;nfhs;tNj nry;tj;ij
ePq;fhky; epw;FkhW fl;Lk; fapwhFk;.
8. Gwe;J}a;ik ePuhd; mikAk;
mfe;J}a;ik 3. mUtpid vd;g csNth> fUtpahw;
tha;ikahy; fhzg; gLk; fhyk; mwpe;J nrapd;.
nghUs;: cly; J}a;ik ePuhy; nghUs;: jFe;j fUtpfNshL Vw;w
cz;lhFk; cs;sj;J}a;ik fhykwpe;;J nray;gl;lhy;> nra;jw;fhpa
tha;ikahy; ntspg;gLk;. nray;fs; vitAkpy;iy.

9. vy;yh tpsf;Fk; tpsf;fy;y 4. Qhyk; fUjpDq; if$Lk;> fhyk;

rhd;Nwhh;f;Fg; fUjp ,lj;jhw; nrapd;
ngha;ah tpsf;Nf tpsf;F nghUs;: fhykwpe;J ,lj;NjhL
nghUs;: rhd;Nwhh;f;Fg; Gw,Uis nghUe;jr; nray;gl;lhy;>
ePf;Fk; tpsf;Ffistpl> mfj;jpd; cyfj;ijNa mila tpUk;gpDk;
,Uis ePf;Fk; ngha; NgrhikNa if$Lk;.
cz;ikahd tpsf;fkhFk;.
5. fhyk; fUjp ,Ug;gh;> fyq;fhJ
10. ahk;nka;ahf; fz;ltw;Ws; ,y;iy Qhyk; fUJ gth;.
vidj;nj nghUs;: cyfk; KOtijAk;
hd;Wk; Msf; fUJgth;. mjw;Fhpa fhyj;ij
tha;ikapd; ey;y gpw vjph;ghh;j;Jf; fyq;fhky; fhj;jpUg;gh;.
nghUs;: ahk; cz;ikahff;
fz;l nghUs;fSs;> vt;tifapYk; 6. Cf;fk; cilahd; xLf;fk; nghUjfh;
cz;ikiatplr; rpwe;jitahfr; jhf;fw;Fg; NgUe; jifj;J
nrhy;yj;jf;fit Ntwpy;iy. nghUs;: Cf;fk; cilatd;
fhyj;ij vjph;ghj;J
11. fhykwpjy; mlq;fpapUg;gjhdJ. Ml;Lf;fhlh
1. gfy;nty;Yk; $ifiaf; fhf;if> gifiaj; jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;thq;Fk;
,fy;nty;Yk; jd;ikiag; Nghd;wJ.
Nte;jh;f;F Ntz;Lk; nghOJ.
nghUs;: gfw;nghOjpy; jd;dpYk; 7. nghs;nsd Mq;Nf Gwk;Ntuhh;
typa Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if fhyk;ghh;j;
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

Js;Nth;g;gh; xs;sp ath;. typikAk; Muha;e;J nray;gl

nghUs;: mwpTilahh;> gifth; Ntz;Lk;.
jPq;F nra;j clNd rpdj;ij
ntspg;gLj;jkhl;lhh;. mtiu 2. xy;t jwptJ mwpe;jjd; fz;jq;fpr;
nty;Ytjw;fhd fhyk;tiu> nry;thh;f;Fr; nry;yhjJ ,y;.
mr;rpdj;ij kdj;jpDs; kiwj;J nghUs;: jdf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;
itj;jpUg;gh;. nraiyAk; mjw;fhf mwpa
Ntz;baijAk; mwpe;J mjdplk;
8. nrWeiuf; fhzpd; Rkf;f ,Wtiu epiyj;J Kay;fpd;wth;f;F KbahjJ
fhzpd; fpof;fhk; jiy xd;Wk; ,y;iy.
nghUs;: giftiuf; fhZk;NghJ
gzpthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 3. cilj;jk; tawpahh; Cf;fj;jpd;
mg;gifth;f;F KbTf;fhyk; Cf;fp
tUk;NghJ> mth;jk; epiyik ,ilf;fz; Khpe;jhh; gyh;.
jiyfPoha; khwptpLk;. nghUs;: jd;Dila typik
,t;tsT vd mwpahky; Cf;fj;jhy;
9. va;jw; fhpa jpiae;jf;fhy;> Kide;J njhlq;fp ,ilapy; mij
me;epiyNa Kbf;f tifapy;yhky; mope;jth;
nra;jw; fhpa nray;. gyh;.
nghUs;: fpilj;jw;F mhpa
tha;g;Gf; fpilj;j nghOj> 4. mike;jhq; nfhOfhd; mstwpahd;
mt;tha;g;igg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L jd;id
mg;nghONj nra;jw;fhpa tpae;jhd; tpiue;J nfLk;.
nray;fisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nghUs;: kw;wth;fNshL xj;J
elf;fhky; jd; typikapd;
10. nfhf;nfhf;f $k;Gk; gUtj;J kw;wjd; msitAk; mwpahky;> jd;id
Fj;njhf;f rPhj
; ;j ,lj;J tpae;J kjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gtd;
nghUs;: tha;g;gw;w fhyj;jpy; tpiutpy; nfLthd;.
nfhf;ifg;Nghy; mikjpahff;
fhj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. chpa fhyk; 5. gPypnga; rhfhLk; mr;rpWk; mg;gz;lQ;
tha;j;jJk; nfhf;ifg; Nghy; tpiue;J rhy kpFj;Jg; ngapd;
nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nghUs;: kapypwF Vw;wpa tz;bNa
MdhYk; me;j gz;lKk; (msNthL
12. typawpjy; Vw;whky;) msT fle;J kpFjpahf
1. tpidtypAk; jd;typAk; khw;whd; Vw;wpdhy; mr;R KwpAk;.
typAk;
Jiztypak; J}f;fpr; nray;. 6. Edpf;nfhk;gh; Vwpdhh; m/jpwe;
nghUs;: nraypd; typikAk; jd; J}f;fpd;
typikAk; gidtDila typikAk;> caph;f;fpWjp Mfp tpLk;.
,UtUf;Fk; Jizahdthpd;
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: xU kuj;jpd; nghUs;: ,e;j cyfj;jhh;

Edpf;nfhk;gpy; Vwpath;> mijAk; kiof;F vd;d ifkhW nra;fpd;wdh;.
fle;J NkNy Vw Kide;jhy;> kio Nghd;wth; nra;Ak; cjtpfSk;
mtUila caph;f;F Kbthf Neh;e;J ifkhw Ntz;lhjit.
tpLk;.
2. jhshw;wpj; je;j nghUnsy;yhk;
7. Mw;wpd; mwtwpe;J <f mJnghUs; jf;fhh;f;F
Nghw;wp toq;F newp. Ntshz;ik nra;jw; nghUl;L
nghUs;: jf;f topapy; gpwh;f;F nghUs;: xg;Guthsd; jd;dhy;
nfhLf;Fk; msT mwpe;J ,ad;w Kaw;rp nra;J Nrh;j;j
thohjtDila tho;f;if (gy nghUs; vy;yhk; jf;fth;f;F cjtp
tsKk;) ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;wp nra;tjw;Nf MFk;.
,y;yhky; kiwe;J tpLk;.
3. Gj;Nj Syfj;Jk; <z;Lk; ngwyhpNj
8. MfhW mstpl;b jhapDq; Nfby;iy xg;Gutpd; ey;y gpw.
NghfhW mfyhf; fil. nghUs;: gpwh;f;F cjtp nra;J
nghUs;: nghUs; tUk; top thOk; xg;Guitg; Nghy ey;ydthfpa
(tUtha;) rpwpjhf ,Ue;jhYk;> NghFk; NtW mwg;gFjpfisj;
top (nryT) tphpTgl;lhy; mjdhy; NjtUyfj;jpYk; ,t;Tyfj;jpYk;
jPq;F ,y;iy. ngWjy; ,ayhJ.

4. xj;j jwNthd; caph;tho;thd;

9. mstwpe;J thohjhd; tho;f;if kw;iwahd;
csNghy nrj;jhUs; itf;fg; gLk;.
,y;yhfpj; Njhd;whf; nfLk;. nghUs;: xg;Guit mwpe;J
nghUs;: nghUspd; msT mwpe;J Nghw;wpg; gpwh;f;F cjtpahf
thohjtDila tho;f;if (gy tho;fpd;wtd; caph;tho;fpd;wtd;
tsKk;) ,Ug;gJ Nghy; Njhd;wp Mthd;> kw;wtd; nrj;jtUs;
,y;yhky; kiwe;J nfl;L tpLk;. Nrh;j;Jf; fUjg;gLthd;.

10. cstiu J}f;fhj xg;Gu thz;ik 5. CUzp ePh;epiwe; jw;Nw cyfthk;

tstiu ty;iyf; nfLk;. Nguwp thsd; jpU.
nghUs;: jdf;F nghUs; cs;s nghUs;: xg;Gutpdhy; xyfk;
msit Muhahky; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; thOkhW tpUk;Gk; Nguwpthspapd;
xg;Gutpdhy;> xUtDila nry;tj;jpd; nry;tk;> Cuhh; ePUz;Zk; Fsk;
msT tpiutpy; nfLk;. ePuhy; epiwe;jhw; Nghd;wJ.

13. xg;Gutwpjy; 6. gad;kuk; cs;@h;g; gOj;jhw;wy;

1. ifk;khW Ntz;lh flg;ghL khhpkhl;L nry;tk;
vd;Mw;Wq; nfhy;Nyh cyF. eaDil ahd;fz; gbd;.
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: xg;Guthfpa ew;gz;G 1. nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F

cilatdplk; nry;tk; Nrh;e;jhy; itafKk;
m/J Chpd; eLNt cs;s gad; thdfKk; Mw;wy; mhpJ.
kpFe;j kuk; goq;fs; gOj;jhw; nghUs;: jhd; Xh; cjtpAk; Kd;
Nghd;wJ. nra;ahjpUf;fg; gpwd; jdf;F nra;j
cjtpf;F kz;Zyfj;ijAk;
7. kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk; tpz;Zyfj;ijAk; ifkhwhff;
ngUe;jif ahd;fz; gbd;. nfhLj;jhYk; <L Mf KbahJ.
nghUs;: xg;Guthfpa
ngUe;jifik cilatdplj;J
nry;tk; Nrh;e;jhy; m/J vy;yh 2. fhyj;jp dhw;nra;j ed;wp
cWg;GfSf;Fk; kUe;jhfpg; gad;glj; rpwpnjdpDk;
jtwhj kuk; Nghd;wJ. Qhyj;jpd; khzg; nghpJ.
nghUs;: cw;w fhyj;jpy; xUtd;
8. ,ldpy; gUtj;Jk; xg;Gutpw;F xy;fhh; nra;j cjtp rpspjsthf
fldwp fhl;rp ath; ,Ue;jhYk;> mjd; jd;ikia
nghUs;: xg;GuT mwpe;J mwpe;jhy; cyiftpl kpf nghpjhFk;.
xOjyhfpaj; jd; flik mwpe;j
mwpit cilath;> nry;t tsk; 3. gad;J}f;fhh; nra;j cjtp
,y;yhj fhyj;jpYk; xg;GuTf;Fj; ead;J}f;fpd;
jsu khl;lhh;. ed;ik fld; nghpJ.
nghUs;: ,d;d gad; fpilf;Fk;
9. eaDilahd; dy;$h;e;jh dhjy; vd;W Muhahky; xUtd; nra;j
nrAk;euP cjtpapd; md;Gilikia
nra;ahJ mikfyh thW Muha;e;jhy; mjd; ed;ik fliy
nghUs;: xg;Guthfpa ew;gz;G tpl nghpajhFk;.
cilatd; tWik
cilatdhjy;>nra;aj;jf;f 4. jpidj;Jiz ed;wp nrapDk;
cjtpfisr; nra;ahky; tUe;Jfpd;w gidj;Jizahf;
jd;ikahFk;. nfhs;th; gad;njhp thh;.
nghUs;: xUtd; jpidasthfpa
10. xg;Gutp dhy;tUk; Nfnldpd; cjtpiar; nra;j NghjpYk; mjd;
m/njhUtd; gaid Muha;fpd;wth;> mjidNa
tpw;Wf;Nfhs; jf;f Jilj;J. gidasthff; nfhz;L Nghw;Wth;.
nghUs;: xg;Guthy; NfL tUk;
vd;why; mf;NfL xUtd; jd;id 5. cjtp tiuj;jd;W cjtp cjtp
tpw;whtJ thq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; jFjp nrag;gl;lhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J.
cilajhFk;. nghUs;: ifkhwhfr; nra;Ak;
cjtp Kd; nra;j cjtpapd;
14. nra;e;ed;wp mwpjy; msit cilaJ md;W cjtp
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

nra;ag;gl;ltw;wpd; gz;Gf;F Vw;w cz;lhFk; xUth; nra;j cjtpia

msit cilajhFk;. kwe;J mopj;jtDf;F ca;T ,y;iy.

6. kwtw;f khrw;whh; Nfz;ik Jwtw;f 15. rhd;whik

Jd;gj;Js; Jg;ghahh; el;G. 1. fld;vd;g ey;yit vy;yhk;
nghUs;: Fw;wkw;wthpd; cwit fldwpe;J
vg;NghJk; kwf;fyhfhJ. Jd;gk; te;j rhd;whik Nkw;nfhs; gth;f;F
fhyj;jpy; cWJizaha; nghUs;: ey;y Fzq;fshy;
cjtpath;fspd; el;ig vg;NghJk; epiwe;J thOk; rhd;Nwhh;fs;
tplyhfhJ. ey;ytw;iwnay;yhk; jk; fliknad
Nkw;nfhz;L tho;th;.
7. vOik vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth; jq;fz;
tpOke; Jilj;jth; el;G. 2. Fzeyk; rhd;Nwhh; eyNd gpweyk;
nghUs;: jk;Kila Jd;gj;ijg; ve;eyj; Js;sJ} kd;W
Nghf;fp cjtpathpd; el;igg; gy;NtW nghUs;: ew;Fzq;fshy;
tifahd gpwtpapYk; kwthky; rpwe;jpUj;jNy rhd;Nwhhpd; ngUik.
Nghw;Wth; nghpNahh;. mjid tpLj;j gpw eyd;
vt;tifapYk; ngUik Nrh;f;fhJ.
8. ed;wp kwg;gJ ed;wd;W ed;wy;yJ
md;Nw kwg;gJ ed;W. 3. md;Gehd; xg;GuT fz;Nzhl;lk;
nghUs;: xUth; Kd; nra;j tha;iknah(L)
ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwk; md;W> Ie;Jnrhy;(g) Cd;wpa J}z;.
mth; nra;j jPikiar; nra;j nghUs;: md;Gilik> ehzk;>
mg;nghONj kwe;J tpLtJ mwk; gpwh;f;F cjTjy;> caph;fsplj;J
MFk;. ,uf;fk;> cz;ik NgRjy; Mfpa
Ie;Jk; rhd;whikiaj; jhq;Fk;
9. nfhd;wd;d ,d;dh nrapDk; J}z;fs;.
mth;nra;j
xd;Wed;W cs;sf; nfLk;. 4. nfhy;yh eyj;jJ Nehd;ik gpwh;jPik
nghUs;: Kd; cjtp nra;jth; nrhy;yh eyj;jJ rhy;G.
gpd;G nfhd;whh; Nghd;w Jd;gj;ijr; nghUs;: jtnkd;gJ gpw
nra;jhuhdhYk;> mth; Kd; nra;j caph;fisf; nfhy;yhikNa> rhy;G
xU ed;ikia epidj;jhYk; me;jj; vd;gJ gpwh; Fiwfisr;
Jd;gk; nfLk;. nrhy;yhikNa.

10. ve;ed;wp nfhd;whh;f;Fk; ca;Tz;lhk; 5. Mw;Wthh; Mw;wy; gzpjy;

ca;tpy;iy mJrhd;Nwhh;
nra;e;ed;wp nfhd;w kfw;F. khw;whiu khw;Wk; gil
nghUs;: ve;j mwj;ij nghUs;: xU nraiyr;
mopj;jth;f;Fk; jg;gpg;gpiof;f top nra;gth;f;F typik jUtJ
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

gzpTld; elj;jNy. mJNt

rhd;Nwhh;f;Fj; jk; giftiug; 10. rhd;wth; rhd;whz;ik Fd;wpd;
gifikapypUe;J khw;wp ,Uepyj;jhd;
el;ghf;Ftjw;F Vw;w fUtp jhq;fhJ kd;Ndh nghiw
nghUs;: rhd;Nwhh;fspd;
6. rhy;gpw;Ff; fl;lis ahnjdpd; rhd;whz;ikiaf; Fzj;jpy; FiwT
Njhy;tp Vw;gLkhdhy;> ,t;TyfKk; nghWik
Jiyay;yhh; fz;Zk; nfhsy; vd;Dk; jd;ghuj;ijj; jhq;fhJ.
nghUs;: jk;iktpl Mw;wy;
Fiwe;jthplj;J Vw;gl;l 16. nghpahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly;
Njhy;tpiaAk; xg;Gf;nfhs;Sjy; 1. mwdwpe;J %j;j mwpTilahh;
Ntz;Lk;. mg;gz;Ng xUthpd; Nfz;ik
rhd;whz;ikia mse;jwptjw;fhd jpwdwpe;J Njh;e;J nfhsy;
ciufy; MFk;. nghUs;: mwnewpia mwpe;J
mwptpy; njspe;j Kjph;rr ; pAilNahh;
7. ,d;dhnra; jhh;f;Fk; ,dpaNt el;gpid Muha;e;jwpe;J Vw;Wf;
nra;ahf;fhy; nfhs;tPuhf.
vd;d gaj;jNjh rhy;G
nghUs;: jPq;F ,ioj;jth;f;Fk; 2. cw;wNeha; ePf;fp cwhmik
ed;ikNa nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW Kw;fhf;Fk;
nra;ahkw; Nghdhy; rhy;ngd;Dk; ngw;wpahh;g; Ngzpf; nfhsy;
jFjpahy; vg;gaDk; ,y;iy. nghUs;: jkf;F te;Js;s
Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> NkYk;
8. ,d;ik xUtw;F ,sptd;W Jd;gk; tuhjthW Kd;djhfNt
rhy;ngd;Dk; fhf;Fk; jd;ikAilahiug; Nghw;wp
jpz;ikAz; lhfg; ngwpd; el;ghf;fp nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.
nghUs;: rhy;ngd;Dk; kdcWjp
cz;lhfg; ngWkhdhy; xUtDf;Fg; 3. mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mhpNj>
nghUs; ,y;yhjjhy; Vw;gLk; tWik nghpahiug;
xU FiwahfhJ. Ngzpj; jkuhf; nfhsy;
nghUs;: mwptwpe;j nghpNahiug;
9. Cop ngahpDk; jhk;ngauhh; Nghw;wp csthff; nfhs;SjNy>
rhd;whz;ikf;(F) xUth; ngwNtz;ba mhpa NgWfSs;
Mop vdg;gL thh;. vy;yhk; mhpa NgwhFk;.
nghUs;: rhd;whz;ik vd;Dk;
gz;gpw;Ff; flnyd;W Gfog;gLgth; 4. jk;kpw; nghpahh; jkuh xOFjy;
cyfNk mopAk; Copf;fhyk; td;ikAs; vy;yhk; jiy.
te;jhYk; jk; epiyapy; NtWglhky; nghUs;: jk;ikf; fhl;bYk;
,Ug;ghh;. mwptpy; rpwe;j nghpNahiu

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 1. jpUf;Fws;

cwtpdhuha; Vw;W elj;jNy jhq;fpf; fhg;ghw;Wk; nghpNahh;

typikfSnsy;yhk; rpwe;jjhk;. Jizapy;yhjth;f;F epiyj;j jd;ik
,y;iy.
5. #o;thh;fz; zhf xOfyhd; kd;dtd;
#o;thiur; #o;e;J nfhsy;. 10. gy;yhh; gifnfhsypw; gj;njLj;j
nghUs;: jf;f topfis Muha;e;J jPikj;Nj>
$Wk; mwpQh;fisNa cyfk; ey;yhh; njhlh;if tply;.
fz;zhff; nfhz;L elj;jyhy;> nghUs;: ey;yth; xUthpd; el;igf;
kz;Zk; Muha;e;J el;ghf;fpf; iftpLtJ gyiug; gifj;Jf;
nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. nfhs;tjid tplg; gd;klq;F jPik
cilajhFk;.
6. jf;fhh; ,dj;jdha;j; jhndhOf
ty;yhidr; 17. nghUs; nray;tif
nrw;whh; nraf;fple;j jpy;. 1. nghUsy; ytiug; nghUshfr;
nghUs;: mwptpw; rpwe;j nra;Ak;
nghpNahiur; rhh;e;J elf;f nghUsy;y jpy;iy nghUs;
ty;yhUf;Fg; gifth; nra;af;$ba nghUs;: xU nghUl;lh
jPq;F ahnjhd;Wk; ,y;iy. kjpf;fj;jfhjtiuAk; gpwh; kjpf;FkhW
nra;tjpy; nghUSf;F ,izahdJ
7. ,bf;Fe; Jizahiu Ms;thiu ahNu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
nfLf;Fe; jifik ath;.
nghUs;: jPadtw;iwf; fz;lhy; 2. ,y;yhiu vy;yhUk; vs;Sth;
,bj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; nghpNahiuj; nry;tiu
Jizahff; nfhz;L tho;gtiuf; vy;yhUk; nra;th; rpwg;G
nfLf;Fk; typikAilath; vtUkpyh;. nghUs;: nry;tk; mw;wtiu
vy;yhUk; ,fo;th; nry;tiu vy;yhUk;
8. ,bg;ghiu ,y;yhj Vkuh kd;dd; rpwg;gpg;gh;.
nfLg;ghh; ,yhDq; nfLk;.
nghUs;: Fw;wk; fz;l ,lj;J 3. nghUnsd;Dk; ngha; tpsf;fk;
,bj;Jj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; nghpahhpd; ,UsWf;Fk;
ghJfhg;igj; Njbf;nfhs;shj murd;. vz;zpa Njaj;Jr; nrd;W.
jd;idf; nfLf;Fk; gifth;fs; nghUs;: nry;tk; vd;Dk;
,y;iy vdpDk; jhNd nfl;lopthd;. mizah tpsf;F> mjid cilath;
epidj;j ,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; nrd;W
9. Kjypyhh;f;(F) Cjpakpy;iy> gifik vd;Dk; ,Uisg; Nghf;Fk;.
kjiyahk;
rhh;gpyhf; fpy;iy epiy 4. mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; jpwdwpe;J
nghUs;: KjyPL ,y;yhj jPjpd;wp te;j nghUs;.
tzpfh;f;F mjdhy; tUk; Cjpak; nghUs;: gpwUf;Fj; jPq;fpd;wp
xd;Wkpy;iy. mJNghy> jkikj; ey;topapy; <l;ba nghUs;>
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 1. jpUf;Fws;

mwj;jpidAk; nfhLf;Fk;> nghUs;: nghUisj; Njbr;

,d;gj;jpidAk; jUk;. Nrh;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ gifthpd;
nrUf;if mWf;Fk; cWjpahd
5. mUnshLk; md;nghLk; thuhg; gilf;fyk;. mjidtplf; $h;ikahd
nghUshf;fk; fUtp Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
Gy;yhh; Gus tply;.
nghUs;: mUSk; md;Gk; 10. xz;nghUs; fho;g;g ,aw;wpahh;f;
nghUe;jhky; gpw topapy; tUk; nfz;nghUs;
nry;tj;jpidg; gw;whky; ePf;Fjy; Vid apuz;Lk; xUq;F
Ntz;Lk;. nghUs;: rpwe;j nghUis
ey;topapy; kpFjpahf <l;bath;f;F>
6. cWnghUSk; cy;F nghUSe;jd; kw;iwa mwDk; ,d;gKk; Mfpa
xd;dhh;j; ,uz;Lk; xU Nruf; if$Lk; vspa
njWnghUSk; Nte;jd; nghUs; nghUs;fNs.
nghUs;: muRhpikahy; te;j
nghUSk;> kf;fs; thpahfj; jUk; 18. tpidj;jpl;gk;
nghUSk;> giftiu ntd;Wnfhz;l 1. tpidj;jpl;lk; vd;gJ xUtd;
jpiwg;nghUSk; murDf;Fhpa kdj;jpl;gk;
nghUs;fshFk;. kw;iwa vy;yhk; gpw.
nghUs;: xU njhopd; jpl;lk; vd;W
7. mUnsd;Dk; md;gPd Fotp nrhy;yg;gLtJ xUtDila kdjpd;
nghUnsd;DQ; jpl;gNk (cWjpNa) MFk; kw;wit
nry;tr; nrtpypahy; cz;L. vy;yhk; Ntwhdit.
nghUs;: md;G vd;Dk; jha; ngw;w 2. Cnwhuhy; cw;wgpd; xy;fhik
mUs; vd;Dk; Foe;ij> nghUs; ,t;tpuz;bd;
vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahy; Ngzg;gLk;. Mnwd;gh; Ma;e;jth; Nfhs;.
nghUs;: ,ilA+W tUtjw;F
8. Fd;Nwwp ahidg;Nghh; fz;lw;why;> Kd;Ng ePf;Fjy;> te;j gpd; jsuhik
Mfpa ,e;j ,uz;bdJ topNa
jd;ifj;njhd; tpidj;jpl;gk; gw;wp Muha;e;jthpd;
Wz;lhfr; nra;thd; tpid nfhs;ifahk;.
nghUs;: jd; ifg;nghUs;nfhz;L
xUtd; nra;Ak; nrayhdJ 3. filf;nfhl;fr; nra;jf;f jhz;ik
Fd;wpd;Nky; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L
ahidg;Nghiuf; fhz;gjw;F xg;ghdJ. ,ilf;nfhl;fpd;
vw;wh tpOke; jUk;
9. nra;f nghUisr;> nrWeh; nghUs;: nra;Ak; nraiy Kbtpy;
nrUf;fWf;;Fk; ntspg;gLk; gbahf nra;Ak; jFjpNa
v/fjdpw; $hpa jpy; Mz;ikahFk;. ,ilapy; ntspgl;lhy;
ePq;fhj Jd;gj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;.
பாடக்குறிப்புகள்அறிய – tamil.examsdaily.in 20 FB – Examsdaily Tamil
 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: kdk; jsuhky; Muha;e;J

4. nrhy;Yjy; ahh;f;Fk; vspa mhpathk; Jzpe;J Vw;wj; njhopiyr; Nrhh;T
nrhy;ypa tz;zk; nray; nfhs;shky; fhye; jho;j;jhky;
nghUs;: ,r; nraiy ,t;thW nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nra;J Kbf;fyhk; vd;W nrhy;Yjy;
vth;f;Fk; vspadthk; nrhy;ypa gb 9. Jd;gk; cwthpDk; nra;f Jzpthw;wp
nra;J Kbj;jy; mhpadthk;. ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; tpid.
nghUs;: (Kbtpy;) ,d;gk;
5. tPnwa;jp khz;lhh; tpidj;jpl;gk; nfhLf;Fk; njhopiyr; nra;Ak; NghJ
Nte;jd;fz; Jd;gk; kpf te;j NghjpYk; JzpT
Cnwa;jp cs;sg; gLk;. Nkw;nfhz;L nra;J Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nghUs;: nray; jpwdhy;
ngUikngw;W cah;e;jthpd; tpidj; 10. vidj;jpl;gk; va;jpaf; fz;Zk;
jpl;gkhdJ ehl;il MSk; tpidj;jpl;gk;
murdplj;jpYk; vl;b kjpf;fg;gl;L Ntz;lhiu Ntz;lhJ cyF.
tpsq;Fk;. nghUs;: NtW vj;jifa cWjp
cilatuhf ,Ue;jhYk; nra;Ak;
6. vz;zpa vz;zpahq;F va;J njhopy; cWjp ,y;yhjtiu cyfk;
vz;zpahh; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;whJ.
jpz;zpah; Mfg; ngwpd;
nghUs;: vz;zpath; 19. ,dpait $wy;
(vz;zpagbNa nray; Mw;Wtjpy;) 1. ,d;nrhyhy; <uk; mis,g;
cWjpAilatuhf ,Uf;fg;ngw;why; gbW,ythk;
mth; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw nrk;nghUs; fz;lhh;tha;r; nrhy;
milth;. nghUs;: md;G fye;J tQ;rk;
mw;witahfpa nrhw;fs;>
7. cUTfz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; nka;g;nghUs; fz;lth;fspd;
tha;rn
; rhw;fs; ,d;nrhw;fshFk;.
cUs;ngUe;Njh;f;
F 2. mfdkh;e;J <jd; ed;Nw Kfdkh;e;J
mr;rhzp md;dhh; cilj;J ,d;nrhyd; Mfg; ngwpd;.
nghUs;: cUSk; nghpa Njh;f;F nghUs;: cs;sk; tpUk;gp
mr;rpy; ,Ue;J jhq;Fk; rpwpa Mzpg; xUtUf;Ff; nfhLj;J cjTtJ
Nghd;wth;fs; cyfj;jpy; cs;sdh;. ey;yJ Kfk; kyh;e;J xUtiug;
mth;fSila cUtpd; rpWikiaf; ghh;j;J ,dpa nrhw;fisf; $Wjy;
fz;L ,fof; $lhJ. mijtplTk; ey;yJ.

8. fyq;fhJ fz;l tpidf;fz; 3. Kfj;jhd; mkh;e;jpdpJ Nehf;fp

Jsq;fhJ mfj;jhdhk;
J}f;fq; fbe;J nray;. ,d;nrh dNj mwk;
பாடக்குறிப்புகள்அறிய – tamil.examsdaily.in 21 FB – Examsdaily Tamil
 1. jpUf;Fws;

nghUs;: Kfj;jhy; tpUk;gp 7. ead;<d;W ed;wp gaf;Fk;<d;W

,dpikAld; Nehf;fp cs;sk; fye;j gz;gpd; jiyg;gphpahr; nrhy;
,d;nrhw;fisf; $Wk; jd;ikapy; nghUs;: gpwh;f;F ed;ikahd
cs;sNj mwkhFk;. gaidj; je;J ey;y gz;gpypUe;J
ePq;fhj nrhw;fs;> toq;FNthDf;Fk;
4. Jd;GW}ck; Jt;thik ,y;yhFk; ,d;gk; je;J ed;ik gaf;Fk;.
ahh;khl;Lk;
,d;GW}ck; ,d;nrh yth;f;F 8. rpWikAs; epq;fpa ,d;nrhy;
nghUs;: vy;yhhplKk; ,d;gk; jUk; kWikAk;
,dpa nrhw;fisg; NgRNthhplk;> ,k;ikAk; ,d;ge; jUk;.
Jd;gk; jUk; tWik mZfhJ. nghUs;: gpwh;f;Fj; Jd;gk;
tpisf;Fk; rpWikapypUe;J ePq;fpa
5. gzpTilad; ,d;nrhyd; Mjy; ,dpa nrhw;fs; kWikf;Fk;
xUtw;F ,k;ikf;Fk; toq;FNthDf;Fk; ,d;gk;
mzpay;y kw;Wk; gpw jUk;.
nghUs;: gzTilatdhfTk;>
,d;nrhy; NgRgtdhfTk; tpsq;FtNj 9. ,d;nrhy; ,dpjPd;wy; fhz;ghd;
xUtDf;F cz;ikahd vtd;nfhNyh
mzpfydhFk;. cly; moFf;fhf td;nrhy; toq;F tJ
mzpAk; gpw vy;yhk; cz;ikahd nghUs;: ,dpa nrhw;fs; ,d;gk;
mzpfyd; Mfh. cz;lhf;Ftijf; fz;lgpd;Dk;>
xUtd; fLQ;nrhw;fisg; NgRtJ
6. my;yit Njrpa mwk;ngUFk; VNdh?
ey;yit
ehb ,dpa nrhypd; 10. ,dpa csthf ,d;dhj $wy;
nghUs;: gpwh;f;F fdpapUg;gf; fha;fth;e; jw;W
ed;ikahdtw;iw ehb ,dpik nghUs;: ,d;gk; jUk; ,dpa
cila nrhw;fisr; nrhy;ypd;> nrhw;fs; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> Jd;gk;
ghtq;fs; Nja;e;J Fiwa> mwk; jUk; fLQ;nrhw;fisg; NgRtJ>
tsh;e;J ngUFk;. fdpfs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ fha;fis
tpUk;gp cz;gijg; Nghd;wJ.

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