Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
MOBILE & WIRELESS NETWORK
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
NTQF Level IV

Ministry of Education
June 2013
 Introduction

Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the policies
and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by using
international standards and international best practices as the basis, and, adopting,
adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element. TVET is
given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The new paradigm in the
outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current and anticipated future
demand of the economy and the labor market.

The Ethiopia Occupational Standards (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF). They are national Ethiopian standards, which
define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specific
occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.

This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a standard

format that comprises:
 Occupational title and NTQF level
 Unit title
 Unit code
 Unit descriptor
 Elements and Performance criteria
 Variables and Range statement
 Evidence guide
Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.
The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the occupation
with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
 chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective level including
the Unit Codes and the Unit Titles
 contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
 occupational map providing the Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET) providers with information and important requirements to consider when
designing training programs for this standards and for the individual, a career path

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UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and Maintenance
Occupational Code: EIS MNO
NTQF Level IV
EIS MNO4 01 0613 EIS MNO4 02 0613 EIS MNO4 03 0613
Conduct Radio Install Network Hardware Select an Antenna System
Frequency Measurement to a Network for Radio Communications

EIS MNO4 04 0613 EIS MNO4 05 0613 EIS MNO4 06 0613

Install, Configure and Test Build an Enterprise Install and Configure a
an Internet Protocol Wireless Network Wireless Mesh Network
Network

EIS MNO4 07 0613 EIS MNO4 08 0613 EIS MNO4 09 0613

Install and Test a Radio Test and Repair Cellular Locate, Diagnose and
Frequency Identification Network Equipment Rectify Faults
System

EIS MNO4 10 0613 EIS MNO4 11 0613 EIS MNO4 12 0613

Undertake Radio Undertake Remote Complete Equipment and
Communications Signals Diagnosis and Repair of Software Upgrades
Monitoring Network Faults

EIS MNO4 13 0613 EIS MNO4 14 0613 EIS MNO4 15 0613

Identify Requirements for Develop Detailed Manage the Delivery of
Customer Technical Design Network Infrastructure
Telecommunication
Equipment
Telecommunications

EIS MNO4 16 0613 EIS MNO4 17 0613 EIS MNO4 18 0613

Plan and Organize Work Migrate to New Establish Quality
Technology Standards

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EIS MNO4 19 0613 EIS MNO4 20 0613 EIS MNO4 21 0613
Develop Individuals and Utilize Specialized Manage and Maintain
Team Communication Skills Small/Medium Business
Operations

EIS MNO4 22 0613

Apply Problem Solving
Techniques and Tools

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 NTQF Level IV

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV

Unit Title Conduct Radio Frequency Measurements

Unit Code EIS MNO4 01 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to conduct and analyse radio frequency
(RF) measurements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Plan to conduct RF 1.1. Access to the site is arranged according to required
measurements procedure
1.2. Type of measurements required is determined based
on the industry environment
1.3. The impact of conducting measurements on the
network is assessed and customers and appropriate
person are advised accordingly
1.4. Previous measurement data is assessed if available
2. Conduct RF 2.1. Check that prescribed safety arrangements are
measurements associated with RF radiation in place otherwise
corrective action is taken
2.2. Work activity is monitored to ensure it meets site
specifications, and relevant legislation, codes,
regulations and standards
2.3. Test equipment is configured according to
manufacturer's specifications
2.4. Measurements are conducted according to planned
requirements
2.5. RF levels are assessed at occupational and non-
occupational distances
2.6. All measurements and test configurations are recorded
3. Analyze 3.1. Measurements are verified against relevant standards
measurement and vendor specifications
outcomes 3.2. Problems and variance are assessed for corrective
action and appropriate person notified according to
enterprise procedures
3.3. Processes and recommendations are recorded

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4. Document 4.1. Customer documentations are completed
measurement 4.2. Customer is notified to obtain sign off
results

Variable Range

Measurements May include:

 antenna:
 bandwidth
 beamwidth
 impedance
 radiation pattern
 return loss
 bit error rate (BER) as a function of received signal level
(RSL)
 carrier to noise ratio
 electric field strength
 electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) measurements:
 conducted
 radiated
 impedance
 modulation error rate (MER)
 receiver:
 20 dB quieting
 blocking
 cross modulation
 image frequency
 intermediation
 sensitivity
 SINAD
 total harmonic distortion
 RF amplifier:
 gain
 stability of RF amplifier when:
 operating at 10% higher or lower supply voltage
 operating at extreme humidity
 operating at extreme temperatures
 operating into a complex load impedance noise figure
 RF hazard measurements:
 non-occupational worker
 occupational worker
 RF measurements on passive devices:
 return loss
 S parameters
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  transmission loss
 spectrum surveillance
 sweep measurements
 transmission line measurements
 transmitter:
 adjacent channel power
 carrier frequency
 carrier frequency stability
 carrier power level
 deviation limiting
 frequency deviation
 harmonic power level
 modulation depth
 modulation response
 occupied bandwidth
 out of band spurious emissions
 phase deviation
 phase noise
 spectrum mask
 transient frequency behaviour
 two-tone intermediation distortion
 unwanted spurious emissions.
Industry environment May include:
 aeronautical
 aerospace
 broadcasting:
 AM in MW band
 analogue
 cable
 digital DAB+
 digital DRM
 digital DVB
 FM stereo in VHF band
 global positioning system (GPS)
 short wave (HF)
 low power open narrowcasting (LPON)
 radio
 satellite
 television
 Bluetooth
 cellular mobile telephony
 fixed service
 industrial and scientific
 land mobile
 licence-free ISM
 marine
 medical
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  microwave point to point
 radio paging systems
 RFID
 WiMAX IEEE 802.16
 WiFi IEEE 802.11
 ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4-2003.
Appropriate person May include:
 consultant
 engineer
 Supervisor.
Measurement data May include:
 date
 time
 location
 test configuration
 measurement results
 test equipment:
 manufacturer
 model
 serial number
Relevant legislation, May include:
codes, regulations and  Ministry of communication & Information Technology
standards (MCIT) standards and codes
 Ethiopian building codes and regulations
 enterprise standards
 environmental protection
 equipment standards
 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
 fire regulations
 international standards
 intrinsically safe lightning protection
 local government
 OHS
 site engineering standards
 spectrum planning reports
 Telecommunications Act
 Telecommunications Industry Alliance and Electronic
Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA) standards.
Test equipment May include:
 antenna analyser
 BER tester
 cellular radio test set
 constellation analysers
 digital signal level meter
 digital transmission analyser

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  directional RF power meter
 dummy load
 termination
 EMI test receiver
 frequency counter
 multimeter
 noise and distortion meter
 oscilloscope
 RF connectors and adaptors
 RF test cables
 return loss measuring equipment
 RF power meter
 RF radiation meter
 RF scalar network analyser
 RF termination
 RF vector network analyser
 spectrum analyser
 switched or variable attenuator

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 plan and conduct RF test using RF test equipment and
instruments
 measure, record and interpret test results
 Monitor work to meet related OHS requirements and work
practices.
Underpinning Demonstrate :
Knowledge and  detailed knowledge of:
Attitudes  analogue and digital modulation methods
 logarithmic units
 standard test procedures and test setups
 transmitter and receiver architectures
 RF:
 instrument and features and types
 radiation hazards
 safety practices
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate :
 analytical skills to review and evaluate measurements
 communication skills to provide advice and guidance to
others or to seek assistance
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation
 numeracy skills to check that equipment is calibrated, to
take RF measurements, interpret results and evaluate
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 different types of technical data
 planning and organisational skills to organise and prepare
for measurements
 problem solving skills to minimise measurement errors
 task management skills to work logically and
systematically with required attention to detail when
following complex test procedures
 technical skills to:
 operate a range of specialised radio frequency test
equipment and
 perform diagnostic procedures
 use hand and power tools
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Install Network Hardware to a Network
Unit Code EIS MNO4 02 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to plan, manage
and install new hardware components in a network.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine hardware 1.1. Client hardware and cabling requirements, considering
requirements compatibility are assessed with existing application
software and operating system
1.2. Requirements are analysed against local area network
(LAN) ), wide area network (WAN), wireless networks,
and mobile equipment access design limitations and
organisational guidelines
1.3. Client requirements are evaluated in line with
organisational guidelines, corporate purchasing
procedures, licensing arrangements and budget
2. Obtain hardware 2.1. Vendors are contacted and technical specifications
obtained
2.2. Hardware is evaluated/tested in line with client
requirements and organisational guidelines
2.3. Recommendations are documented and copies
provided to appropriate person
2.4. Licensing requirements and security issues are
determined and documented
2.5. Hardware is acquired according to recommendations
and organisational procedures
3. Install network 3.1. Installation is conducted with minimal disruption to
hardware clients
3.2. Hardware is installed in accordance with appropriate
installation procedures
3.3. The installation is configured and tested to ensure that
it meets client needs
4. Provide support for 4.1. Client instructions and needs are determined and
installed products documented
4.2. One-to-one instruction is provided to client and users,
as required
4.3. Client evaluation and feedback are obtained to ensure
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 that client requirements have been met
5. Determine and 5.1. Requirements for group instruction are determined and
provide instruction documented to cater for client and user needs
and support 5.2. Group training requirements are referred to appropriate
person
5.3. Client and user group evaluation and feedback are
obtained

Variable Range
Hardware May include:
 personal computers
 peer-to-peer and client-server networks (including LANs
but excluding WANs)
 wireless networks, mobile equipment, printers, print
servers, monitors
 Input/output devices (e.g. extended or non-standard
keyboard and mouse), network cards, cables, some
simple switches (e.g. not programmable) and CD
drives/burners
Application software May include:
 database programs to handle data and voice functionality
 word processors
 email programs
 internet browsers
 system browsers
 spreadsheets
 Office application softwares (Word, excel, ppt, access,
MS Project, Visio)
Operating system May include:
 Linux 10.0 or above
 Windows XP or above
 Apple OS X or above
Organisational May include:
guidelines  personal use of emails and internet access
 content of emails
 downloading information and accessing particular
websites
 opening mail with attachments
 virus risk
 dispute resolution
 document procedures and templates
 communication methods
 financial control mechanisms
Appropriate person May include:
 supervisor

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  teacher
 authorised business representative
 client
Client May include:
 internal departments
 external organisations
 clubs
 individual people
 internal employees

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 Assessment must confirm the ability to install a range of
hardware, by planning, managing and supporting the
installation of new components in a network according to
organisational policy and procedures.
 The support person must demonstrate the ability to offer
support to the user in adapting to the new equipment.
To demonstrate competency in this unit the following
resources will be needed:
 Application software and operating system
 Vendor hardware and software components
 Technical documentation and installation manuals
 Networked computers
 Organisational guidelines
 Live network
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of :
Knowledge and
Attitudes  Basic working knowledge of current industry-accepted
network protocols
 Basic knowledge of current industry-accepted network
hardware and software products, with broad knowledge of
general features and capabilities and detailed knowledge
in some areas
 Broad knowledge of current industry, data and voice
networking, security products, devices and procedures,
with broad knowledge of general features and capabilities
and detailed knowledge in some areas
 Detailed knowledge of the operating system (e.g. Mac
OS, Linux, Novell, Windows), sufficient to enable basic
installation
 LAN capabilities and characteristics, such as network type
(e.g. Ethernet, AppleTalk) IP addressing, switch/hub
operation
 Organisational contracting procedures and responsibilities
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 
Detailed knowledge of network connections (e.g. types of
cables, such as category 5 e, 6 and 7 unshielded twisted
pair (UTP), coaxial and terminators, RJ-45, cabling
distance limitations (e.g. 100 metres for Ethernet category
5 UTP) and including wireless
 Detailed knowledge of set-up and configuration
procedures
 Detailed knowledge of software packages supported by
the organisation
 Detailed knowledge of hardware and software installation
procedures
 General knowledge of system diagnostic software
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate :
 Customer service skills in a range of contexts at various
levels (e.g. timely response to requests, providing client
instruction when installing new hardware or software)
 Solving unknown problems in a range of contexts (e.g.
when installing new hardware or software)
 Interpretation of technical and hardware installation
manuals
 Negotiation skills in relation to other team members and
applied to a defined range of predictable problems (e.g.
planning schedules for installation of network equipment)
 Report writing skills for business, requiring depth in some
areas.
 Analysis and evaluation of information in a defined range
of areas (e.g. research into the most suitable type of
equipment for requirements)
 Ability to manage change, in order to maintain the
continuity of network operations and business functions
during network installation tasks
 Questioning and active listening skills to convey and
clarify complex information
 Using diagnostic software
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV

Unit Title Select an Antenna System for Radio Communications

Unit Code EIS MNO4 03 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required for the selection of an antenna system
for radio communications to meet given performance
requirements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare to select 1.1. Extent of project is established from design brief or
antenna system specification within a team environment
1.2. Plans and drawings of existing or proposed installation
site are obtained and reviewed
1.3. Whether antenna system hardware that requires a
secure hut or shelter is determined
1.4. Antenna requirements and antenna feed line
requirements are determined from design brief or
specifications and research available commercial
products
1.5. Earthing components are determined to meet
regulatory and earthing requirements of antenna
system
1.6. The antenna feed line route is prepared to comply with
job specifications and regulatory requirements
1.7. Installation options are identified and assessed against
performance requirements and customer requirements
2. Select antenna 2.1. Potential antenna system solutions which satisfy
system required performance, budgetary and regulatory
requirements are evaluated, and are made suitable for
installation in the specified environment
2.2. Recommendations are made and optimum antenna
system selected
3. Document antenna 3.1. Calculations, final specifications and reasons are
system selection documented for selection of antenna system
3.2. A final report, including documentation and drawings of
selected antenna system are prepared and distributed
to appropriate persons in accordance with enterprise

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 policies and procedures

Variable Range
Antenna system may include:
 antenna array
 directional coupler
 Omni-directional
 UHF/VHF
 duplexer
 earthing components
 ferrite isolator
 filter:
 cavity
 band pass
 band reject
 low pass
 stub
 lightning protection
 multiple feed lines
 phasing harness
 single antenna
 single feed line
Antenna requirements may include:
 antenna height above ground
 bandwidth:
 specified in MHz
 specified as % of centre frequency
 beamwidth specifications in the:
 E plane
 H plane
 front to back ratio:
 gain:
 dBi
 dBd
 minor lobes
 mounting method
 polarisation:
 circular
 horizontal
 vertical
 radiation pattern coverage:
 bi-directional
 irregular pattern
 omnidirectional
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  unidirectional
 radiation pattern specifications in the:
 E plane
 H plane
 redone
 shroud
Feed line requirements May include:
 allowable loss in dB
 characteristic impedance
 mechanical characteristics
 method of securing
 RF connector type
 weatherproofing
Appropriate persons may include:
 customer
 engineer
 project manager
 supervisor

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge to:
Competence  select an antenna system
 Justify and document antenna system selection.
Underpinning demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  antenna and propagation theory and industry practice
Attitudes  antenna array theory
 transmission line theory and industry practice
 specific issues related to antenna installations and the
creation of particular radiation patterns
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate :
 communication skills to liaise with internal and external
personnel on technical, operational and commercial
matters
 literacy skills to:
 interpret technical documentation
 write final reports in required format
 numeracy skills to:
 convert decibel gain values to ratios
 evaluate and calculate effective isotropic radiated
power (EIRP)
 evaluate different types of technical data
 interpret results
 planning and organisational skills to:
 plan, prioritise and monitor own work
 coordinate teamwork with others
 problem solving and contingency management skills to
adapt requirements of particular sites and customers,
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 and modify activities depending on differing operational
contingencies, risk situations and environments
 research skills to examine and evaluate antenna
patterns, specifications and data, and be able to
synthesise antenna systems from commercially
available products
 spatial skills to interpret and convert between two-
dimensional and three-dimensional antenna patterns
 task management skills to work systematically with
required attention to detail
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Install, Configure and Test an Internet Protocol Network
Unit Code EIS MNO4 04 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to carry out the installation of network
hardware and software, initial configuration according to
organisational requirements and testing of an internet
protocol (IP) network. This may be part of the upgrade of an
existing network or the implementation of a new network.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare to install 1.1. Given work is prepared according to relevant legislation,
an IP network occupational health and safety (OHS), codes,
regulations and standards
1.2. Access to the site is arranged according to required
procedure
1.3. Existing network design documentation is reviewed to
ensure it is current and complete
1.4. The components and network elements required to
be installed are selected to meet the technical
requirements
1.5. Vendors and service suppliers are contacted to obtain
specifications and availability of identified components
1.6. Plans are developed with prioritised tasks and
contingency arrangements, for installation of
components with minimum disruption to client
1.7. Appropriate person is liaised to obtain approval for the
plans, including security clearance and timing
2. Install and 2.1. Server hardware and software are installed and
configure an IP configured according to organisational and industry
network standards, following plans
2.2. Computer, other hardware and software are installed
and configured according to organisational and industry
standards and plans
2.3. Other software required for the network is installed and
configured to operate with security and integrity
according to the plan
3. Test and 3.1. The installed software and hardware, utilising available
reconfigure the IP technical tools is tested to ensure that all components
network are functioning as expected
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 3.2. The network is tested to ensure it is functioning
according to specifications
3.3. Problems identified in the modified network are resolved
4. Complete 4.1. Hardware and asset recording document are completed
documentation and in line with organisational requirements
cleanup worksite 4.2. Installation, boot-up and configuration procedures are
documented according to organisational requirements
4.3. Test results are tabulated and all user reports completed
4.4. Client report are completed and notified of status of the
network
4.5. Worksite is cleaned up and restore to client's
satisfaction
4.6. Sign-off is secured from appropriate person

Variable Range
Network May include:
 data
 internet
 internet protocol private branch exchange (IP PBX)
 IPTV
 large and small local area networks (LAN)
 national wide area networks (WAN)
 radio frequency identification (RFID)
 storage area network (SAN)
 voice
 voice over internet protocol (VoIP)
 virtual private network (VPN)
Documentation May include:
 audit trails
 client training
 equipment inventory
 ISO, IEC standards
 naming standards
 project management templates and report writing
 satisfaction reports
 Version control.
Components May include:
 CD, DVD and Blue-ray drives
 central processing unit (CPU)
 complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
battery
 central processing unit (CPU) upgrades
 fax and modem cards
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  hard drives (internal and external)
 hardware
 interface cards
 motherboards
 RAM upgrades
 software
 Wireless adaptors.
Network elements May include:
 adaptors
 communications cables and connectors
 hubs
 routers
 servers
 Switches.
Requirements May include:
 application
 business
 network
 people in the organisation
 System.
Client May include:
 external organisations
 individuals
 internal departments
 Internal employees.
Appropriate person May include:
 authorised business representative
 client
 Supervisor.
Hardware May include:
 cables:
 UTP/STP (Category 5e, 6, or 7)
 crossover
 fibre
 shielded twisted pairs (STP)
 straight through
 unshielded twisted pairs (UTP)
 digital subscriber line (DSL) modems
 modems and other connectivity devices
 network elements
 personal computers
 remote sites
 Workstations.
Software May include:
 commercial software applications
 in-house or customised software
 open software
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  organisation-specific software
 Packaged software.
Standards May include:
 ISO, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ITU standards
 organisational standards
 Project standards.
Computer May include:
 laptops
 mobile equipment
 net books
 other devices
 servers
 smart phones
 Workstations.
Technical tools May include:
 diagnostic software
 HyperTerminal
 LAN Cat tester.
Organisational May include:
requirements  preventative maintenance and diagnostic policy
 problem solution processes
 roles and technical responsibilities in the network
management
 vendor and product service level support agreements
 Work environment.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence  plan and prepare for the IP network installation task
 select network elements to meet the client business
specifications
 install, configure and test the network elements to ensure
interoperability within the network
 apply network topologies, protocols and security issues
 apply solutions to defined network problems
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  client business domain, business function and
Attitudes organisation
 current industry-accepted hardware and software
products
 data and voice transmission technologies and protocols
 networking technologies incorporating substantial depth in
some areas
 router-based network architectures

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Underpinning Skills Demonstrate :
 communication skills to liaise with internal and external
personnel on technical, operational and business related
matters
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and
write reports in required formats
 numeracy skills to take test measurements, interpret
results and evaluate performance and interoperability of
network
 planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and
monitor own work and coordinate the process in liaison
with others
 problem solving and contingency management skills to
adapt configuration procedures to requirements of
network and reconfigure depending on differing
operational contingencies, risk situations and
environments
 research skills to interrogate vendor databases and
websites to implement different configuration
requirements to meet security levels
 technical skills to select and use router test software and
hardware to suit different network applications
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Build an Enterprise Wireless Network
Unit Code EIS MNO4 05 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to build an

enterprise wireless network.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Select, install and 1.1. Appropriate hardware including access points, bridges
configure access and other wireless devices are selected based on
points and other current and future needs of the enterprise
wireless devices 1.2. Access points, bridges and other wireless devices are
installed and configured to provide wireless access to
network
1.3. Security, monitoring, logging and quality of service
features Care configured consistent with standards and
protocols
1.4. Wireless network systems performance that it meets
enterprise requirements and is consistent with
standards and protocols is tested and verified
2. Select, install and 2.1. Appropriate antennas are selected based on current
configure antennas and future needs of the business
2.2. Antennas are safely installed and configured to provide
wireless access to network
2.3. Optimal signal strength is obtained
3. Secure wireless 3.1. Possible security threats to assets are identified
network 3.2. Client server and helper security devices are configured
3.3. Associations and filters are configured
4. Monitor and 4.1. Wireless network performance is monitored using
administer wireless diagnostic tools including appropriate software
network 4.2. Networking issues are debugged to maintain trouble-
free wireless connection
4.3. Current settings are documented and stored securely
consistent with commercial and business
requirements

Variable Range

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Hardware May include:
 mobile equipment
 workstations
 personal computers
 modems wireless access points
 power controllers
 UPS
 antennae and other connectivity devices
 networks
 DSL modems
 remote sites (VPN router)
 servers
Network topology May include:
 cabled connected single zone
 multiple zone
 stand-alone multi-zone wireless networks
 indoor and outdoor installations
 satellite connections
 carrier links
 Local Multipoint distribution service (LMDS)
 Multichannel Multipoint Distribution services (MMDS)
 Free Space Optics
Security May include:
 IPSec
 SSL
 PKM
 LEAP
 WEP
 WPA
 AAA
 Diameter
 tokens
 smart cards
 Radius/Tacacs servers
Standards May include:
 ISO/IEC/IEEE/IETF/ITU standards
 organisational standards
 project standards
Enterprise requirements May include:
 how and what the organisation wants in regard to work
environment
 problem solution processes
 preventative maintenance and diagnostic policy
 roles and technical responsibilities in network
management
 vendor and product service-level support agreements

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Assets May include:
 data and information
 intellectual property
 physical assets
Software May include:
 commercial software applications; organisation-specific
software, packaged software, in-house or customised
software
Documentation May include:
 ISO/IEC standards
 audit trails
 naming standards
 version control
 project management templates and report writing
 maintaining equipment inventory
 client training
 satisfaction reports
Commercial and May include:
business requirements  Back-up and recovery of data
 Remote access to internal network
 Password logons
 Firewalls
 Hacking prevention
 Confidentiality
 Integrity
 Availability
Client May include:
 internal departments
 external organisations
 clubs
 communities
 individual people
 internal employees
User May include:
 a department
 a department within the organisation
 community members
 a third party

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies
Competence to:
 Assessment must confirm the ability to develop,
implement and maintain wireless networks.
 To demonstrate competency in this unit the following
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 resources will be needed:
 Network technical requirements
 Network infrastructure, including wireless hardware
and software
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge:
Knowledge and  Security threats
Attitudes  Network protocols and operating systems
 Security protocols, standards and data encryption
 Factors affecting signal quality
 Wireless topologies
 Wireless security strategies
 SOHO and enterprise LANs
 Layer 2 and layer 3 design issues
 Bandwidth and quality of service
 WLAN and WAN solutions
 TCP/IP protocols and applications
 Auditing and penetration testing techniques
 Audit and intrusion detection systems
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate:
 Design, development and implementation of various
wireless network solutions
 Ability to implement wireless networking strategies and
configure wireless network software and hardware
 Implementing LANs
 Cost-benefit comparison
 Troubleshooting and debugging
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Install and Configure a Wireless Mesh Network
Unit Code EIS MNO4 06 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to install and configure a wireless mesh
network comprised of radio nodes organised in a mesh
topology. Wireless mesh networks provide users with
secure wireless roaming beyond traditional wireless local
area network (LAN) boundaries and are readily deployed in
areas that lack wired backhaul.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Configure wireless 1.1. Internet protocol (IP) addressing schemes are
mesh nodes and determined from design plan obtained from appropriate
wireless access person
points 1.2. Compatibility of factory installed firmware is confirmed
in wireless routers with mesh routing requirements,
otherwise install upgrade firmware
1.3. Wireless router settings and wireless fidelity (WiFi)
wireless access point settings are configured for
inclusion in mesh network
1.4. Mesh node is connected and node accessed back-to-
back via a straight LAN cable according to design plan
2. Connect separate 2.1. Routing software on mesh and backbone nodes is
mesh networks via configured to enable mesh traffic to reach backbone
backbone 2.2. Mesh and backbone nodes are connected back-to-back
via a straight LAN cable
2.3. Gateway server and gateway node are configured and
required services added to the network
3. Test connectivity 3.1. All wireless mesh routers are assembled with
within mesh network configuration sheets attached and power up the
routers
3.2. PC is connected to a wireless mesh router and
confirmed that an IP address is provided automatically
by dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)
3.3. Connectivity is confirmed to mesh nodes and the
gateway by pinging individual IP addresses, and rectify
faulty nodes if required
4. Test network 4.1. Mesh nodes are installed according to design plan
connectivity via 4.2. Directional antennas on wireless backbone path are
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 wireless backbone installed and aligned according to installation
instructions and occupational health and safety (OHS)
procedures
4.3. Connectivity between mesh clusters is confirmed at
either end of wireless backbone
5. Clean up work site 5.1. Waste is removed from work site and disposed of
and complete according to environmental requirements and work area
administrative work restored to customer's satisfaction
5.2. Documentation records are updated and
recommendations made according to the enterprise
policy
5.3. The customer of job completion is notified and sign off
obtained

Variable Range
Appropriate person May include:
 network engineer
 project designer
 Project manager.
Upgrade firmware May include:
 Open Wrt Linux based firmware
 Freifunk firmware
 MIT Roof net.
Wireless router settings May include:
 LAN settings:
 firewall usage
 LAN IP address and subnet mask
 LAN protocol
 routing protocol:
 optimised link state routing (OLSR)
 RIP
 Static
 EIGRP
 OSPF
 system settings:
 country
 host name
 wireless settings:
 basic service set identifier (BSSID)
 channel number/frequency
 extended service set identifier (ESSID)
 wireless LAN (WLAN) IP address
 WLAN IP address and subnet mask
 WLAN mode
 WLAN protocol.

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WiFi wireless access May include:
point settings  settings:
 DHCP settings:
 maximum number of DHCP users
 starting IP address
 DHCP type
 router IP address
 router name
 wireless settings:
 wireless channel number or frequency
 wireless network name (SSID)
Straight LAN cable May include:
 Category 5
 Category 5e
 Category 6.
Gateway server May include:
 connection to another network
 connection to the internet
 Via asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL).
Services May include:
 domain name system (DNS)
 mail server
 Web proxy.
Configuration sheets May include:
 host name
 LAN settings
 routing protocol
 software or firmware version
 WAN settings
 wireless router details
 Wireless settings.
Align May include:
 azimuth angle
 elevation angle
 set antenna polarisation:
 horizontal
 Vertical.
Documentation records May include:
 configuration details:
 access point
 gateway
 router
 IP Addresses
 Signal levels.

Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies
Competence to:
 configure wireless mesh nodes
 install wireless mesh nodes, access point nodes and
gateway
 test nodes for connectivity
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  802.11 wireless protocols
Attitudes  allocation of IP addresses and subnet masks
 antenna gain, polarisation
 cable loss
 calculation of effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)
 calculation of line of site radio range
 decibels and related units
 network topologies
 radio frequency (RF) frequency bands
 routing protocols
 transmission control protocol (TCP)-IP protocols
 wireless networking hardware, access points, wireless
routers, gateway
Underpinning Skills Demonstrate :
 communication skills to liaise with vendors and
installation personnel on technical and operational
matters
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and
write reports in required formats
 numeracy skills to perform calculations, interpret results
and evaluate different types of technical data
 planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and
monitor own work and that of others
 problem solving and contingency management skills to:
 adapt testing procedures to requirements of
particular situations
 modify activities depending on operational
contingencies, risk situations and environments
 technical skills to:
 install software
 select and specify appropriate performance tests and
test equipment
 set up IP addresses and subnet masks
 use IT networking skills
Resources Implication Access is required to real or appropriately simulated
situations, including work areas, materials and equipment,
and to information on workplace practices and OHS
practices.
Assessment Methods Competency may be assessed through:
 Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
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Context of Assessment Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
simulated work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Install and Test a Radio Frequency Identification System
Unit Code EIS MNO4 07 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to undertake a radio frequency identification
(RFID) installation, configuration and testing. This could be part of
the upgrade in an existing or the implementation of a new
logistical or security network using RFID technology.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare to 1.1. Given work is prepared according to relevant legislation,
install specified occupational health and safety (OHS), codes, regulations
RFID system and standards
1.2. Access to the site is arranged according to required
procedure
1.3. The most suitable RFID system is chosen based on
specifications and in consultation with appropriate person
1.4. Options are evaluated for equipment installation sitting and
antenna positioning to include the effects of electromagnetic
interference and shielding
1.5. Causes of interference are investigated with RFID systems
1.6. The network element requirements are specified for the
installation and any training requirements for clients
1.7. A deployment plan including down times is created and the
user group advised
1.8. All components and devices required for the RFID system
are obtained
2. Install specified 2.1. Interrogators or readers are installed according to given plan
RFID system 2.2. Tags and document are installed by the correct procedures
and resolve for locating and orienting tags
any faults
2.3. Network configuration activities are installed and
undertaken using relevant operating system and application
upgrades to integrate RFID system into the overall network
2.4. Problems between interrogators or readers, tags and
networks including tuning are troubleshot for optimum
performance and any faults rectified

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3. Test the RFID 3.1. System installation is tested according to design
installation specifications and standards including optimum placement
according to of tags and data transmission completeness and record
specification outcomes
and standards 3.2. Any changes are carried out
3.3. Changes or additions are validated against specifications
3.4. The test results are documented
4. Complete 4.1. All documentation is completed for users according to the
documentation design and customer requirements
in compliance 4.2. Report is completed and client notified of the status of the
with customer network and standards applying to the installation
requirements
and cleanup 4.3. Worksite is cleaned up and restored to client's satisfaction
worksite 4.4. Sign off is secured from appropriate person

Variable Range
RFID system May include:
 antenna
 cabling
 databases
 interrogators or readers
 power supplies
 tags
 Wireless units.
Specifications May include:
 cable drops
 device mounting locations
 electrical specifications for:
 adapters
 interrogators
 power units
 readers
 sensors
 tags
 wireless units
 interrogation zone locations
 RFID network topology
 Site diagrams.
Appropriate May include:
person  authorised business representative
 client
 IT support manager
 network administrator
 RFID network manager
 small or medium enterprise (SME) customer
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  small office home office (SOHO) customer
 Supervisor.
Network element May include:
requirements  drives
 routers
 servers
 Switches.
Training May include:
requirements  education requirements for support staff
 client requirements
 Relevant enterprise policies.
Clients May include:
 external organisations
 individual people
 internal departments
 internal employees
 logistic company
 Warehouse.
User group May include:
 administration
 dispatch
 inventory
 stores
 transport
 Warehouse.
Configuration May include:
 access control needs
 hostnames
 IP addresses
 network connectivity issues
 port numbers
 Server domains.
Optimum May include:
performance  antenna type
 cable length or loss
 equipment mounting and protection
 interference considerations
 latency
 tag type
 active
 operating frequency
 Passive.
Documentation May include:
 audit trails
 ISO, IEC standards
 naming standards
 operational instructions
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  project management templates
 report writing
 training documentations
 Version control.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 plan installation
 use basic research skills for adapting RFID technologies to
specified plan and design
 implement and verify RFID operations
 implement RFID architecture across a secure environment
 encode RFID tags and attach to items
 integrate RFID information into business applications
 configure the network with IP addressing
 cable and test the RFID network
 Create technical and user documentation.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  client business domain, business function and organisation
Attitudes  common network cable types and connectors
 compatibility issues and resolution procedures
 configuration of internet protocol (IP) networks
 current industry-accepted hardware and software products
 desktop applications and operating systems as required
 enterprise communication and training systems in relation to
training and advising staff involved in the deployment
 network topologies
 RFID technologies incorporating substantial depth in network
operating systems, protocols, interrogators and sensors,
wireless technologies and cabling standards
Underpinning Demonstrate :
Skills  communication skills to liaise with internal and external
personnel on technical, operational and business related
matters
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and write
reports, user and training documentation in required formats
 numeracy skills to take test measurements, interpret results
and evaluate performance and interoperability of RFID system
 planning and organisational skills to plan, prioritise and monitor
own work
 problem solving and contingency management skills to adapt
configuration procedures to requirements of RFID network and
reconfigure depending on differing operational contingencies,
risk situations and environments
 research skills to interrogate vendor databases and website to
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 implement different configuration requirements to meet client
design specifications
 technical skills to select and use RFID diagnostic test,
application software and hardware to suit different RFID
network applications
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV

Unit Title Test and Repair Cellular Network Equipment

Unit Code EIS MNO4 08 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to test cell performance and perform
diagnostic tests and repairs on sub-elements and subsystems
within cellular networks.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare to test 1.1. An alarm list from cellular network subsystem which shows
cellular faults or disturbances is produced
network 1.2. Sub-element is reset according to manufacturer's
equipment specifications
1.3. Alarms and adjust alarm thresholds are cleared or blocked
according to manufacturer's specifications
2. Test cellular 2.1. Parameters influencing cell performance are tested and
network sub- performance recorded for a range of field settings
element 2.2. Sub-element performance is tested, recorded and reported
equipment according to manufacturer's specifications
2.3. Diagnostic test on sub-element is ran
2.4. The working or executing sub-element is swapped with the
spare or idle unit to allow software upgrades
2.5. Swap the working or executing sub-element with the spare or
idle sub-element to allow replacement of hardware
3. Rectify faults 3.1. Faulty sub-element is located within subsystem and fault
in cellular identified
network 3.2. Faulty parts or equipment are identified and replaced or
equipment repaired according to service agreement
subsystems
3.3. Fault details and rectification summary are recorded
3.4. Fault details and rectification summary are handed over and
signed off with customer

Variable Range

Cellular network May include:

 GSM (2G)
 2.5G GPRS
 2.75G EGPRS
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  3G and associated 3GPRS
 4G.
Disturbances May include:
 common channel signalling unit
 link performance or sub-elements:
 charging unit (CHU)
 Statistical unit (STU).
Reset sub- May include:
element  hardware
 Software.
Adjust alarm May include:
thresholds  increasing or decreasing thresholds for:
 links between carriers
 links between elements
 Subsystem units.
Cell performance May include:
 bit error rate (BER) of air interface
 handover
 hysteresis parameter
 power measurements from neighbour cells
 power measurements within a cell.
Sub-element May include:
 CHU
 common channel signalling control unit (CCSCU)
 group switch unit (GSU)
 home location register unit (VLRU)
 STU
 Visitor location unit (VLRU).
Swap May include:
 units in:
 faulty out of use mode
 spare or idle mode
 testing mode
 Working or executing mode.
Faulty sub- May include:
element  hardware
 Software.
Subsystem May include:
 base transceiver station (BTS)
 base station controller (BSC)
 Radio Network Controller (RNC)
 Trans coder Rate Adapter Unit (TRAU)
 mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
 gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
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  Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
 media gateway (MGW)
 Node-B
 Visitor location registers (VLR).
 authentication centre (AUC)
 home Location Register (HLR)
 equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Intelligent network (IN)
 Online charging system (OCS)
Replace or repair May include:
 cold swap procedure
 Hot swap procedure.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 install and test WiMAX CPE outdoor unit
 install indoor unit and connect to customer network
 Reinstate site, document and complete installation reports.
 Install and test BTS, BSC
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  WiMAX:
Attitudes  products
 protocols IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11
 microwave propagation and losses caused by foliage,
buildings, and metallic structures
Underpinning Demonstrate :
Skills  communication skills to liaise with customers on technical and
operational matters
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and
standards and incorporate technical language into written
reports
 numeracy skills to interpret technical data such as
specifications of equipment operations
 problem solving skills to address common operational
problems in installation
 safety awareness skills to:
 apply precautions and required action to minimise, control
or eliminate hazards that may exist during work activities
 select and use required personal protective equipment
conforming to industry and OHS standards
 work systematically with required attention to detail without
injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment
 technology skills to:
 install outdoor units and antenna
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  connect to indoor units
 test BTS, BSC, WiMAX equipment
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Locate, Diagnose and Rectify Faults
Unit Code EIS MNO4 09 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to locate, diagnose and rectify faults in
telecommunications networks. Telecommunications networks
include cabling, customer premises equipment (CPE), access,
telephony, broadband deployment, local area networks (LAN),
wide area networks (WAN) and internet protocol (IP) networks for
enterprise and customer systems and installations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Plan to locate 1.1. Prepare for given work according to relevant legislation,
and rectify a occupational health and safety (OHS), codes, regulations
fault and standards and identified hazards
1.2. Access to the site is arranged according to required procedure
1.3. Information on the nature of fault is obtained from the
customer
1.4. Suitable testing tools and equipment are obtained and
personal protective equipment specified
1.5. Fault finding is conducted using methodical and safe practices
suitable for system and problem type
2. Locate and 2.1. Appropriate test is conducted to identify type of fault
diagnose the 2.2. The fault is isolated progressively to remove likely variables
fault from assessment
2.3. The fault is located without undue interruptions to the
customer activity in the shortest possible time
2.4. The customer is notified of the findings
3. Rectify the 3.1. The options are determined to rectify the fault and presented
fault to the customer
3.2. The customer is advised of costs of any repair not covered by
service agreement
3.3. The fault is rectified if in agreement with the client
3.4. The work is conducted in a manner which is safe to the
repairer and the customer
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 3.5. Any unresolved faults are referred to other parties for
resolution or escalation if required
4. Complete 4.1. The customer is advised of successful fault clearance and
documentation sign off secured
and cleanup 4.2. All records are completed
worksite
4.3. Reports are completed to justify the fault diagnosis and
rectification methodology if required
4.4. All waste and debris are removed from worksite and disposed
according to environmental requirements
4.5. Any changes made to the worksite are restored during fault
repair to the client's satisfaction

Variable Range

Relevant may include:

legislation, OHS,  Relevant national standards and codes
codes,  Communications Cabling Manual (CCM)
regulations and  ISO/IEC standards
standards  cabling security codes and regulations
 contract law
 regulated or industry codes of practice including relevant
operator and /or regulator technical standards
 Trade Practices Act
 OHS including specific OHS and environmental requirements:
 decommissioning and isolating work site and lines prior to
commencement
 environmental considerations include:
 clean-up protection
 stormwater protection
 waste management
 noise, dust and clean-up management
 identifying other services including power and gas
 safety equipment:
 flashing lights
 gas and other hazard detection equipment
 safety barriers
 trench guards
 warning signs and tapes
 witches hats
 safe working practices such as the safe use and handling
of:
 asbestos
 chemicals
 materials
 tools and equipment
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  work platforms
 special access requirements
 suitable light and ventilation.
Hazards may include:
 building debris
 earth potential rise (EPR):
 event at a site, such as an electrical distribution substation
may expose telecommunications personnel, users or plant
to hazardous voltages
 glass fibre
 live power lines
 manual handling
 mud and water
 natural gas and other gas build up
 needle stick injury
 optical fibre cable may contain hazardous light
 radio frequency (RF) equipment emitting radiation
 remote power feeding services which operate at above
telecommunications network voltage (TNV)
 vermin
Nature of fault may include:
 cable fault
 distortion
 excessive latency
 interference
 intermittent
 low signal level
 network fault
 no transmission
 poor grade of service
 poor signal quality
Customer may include:
 fault centre
 individual reporting the fault
 network manager
 network administrator
 network operations centre staff
 site manager
Testing tools and may include:
equipment  cable locater
 cable test set
 LAN Cat tester
 network management system
 optical fault locater
 optical time domain reflect meter (OTDR)
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  protocol analyser
 pulse echo test set
 sniffer
 spectrum analyser
Personal may include:
protective  electrical isolators
equipment  gas detectors
 personal protective clothing:
 earmuffs
 gloves:
 leather
 plastic
 rubber
 head protection
 kneepads
 masks
 protective suits
 safety boots
 safety glasses.
Appropriate test may include:
 bit error rate test (BERT)
 cable tests
 distortion
 frequency measurement
 insertion loss
 packet sniffing
 ping
 protocol analysis
 return loss
 route test
 signal loss:
 optical
 RF.
Type of fault may include:
 cable fault:
 attenuation
 cracked fibre
 crossed wires
 crosstalk
 damaged coax
 faulty splice
 incorrect terminations
 moisture ingress
 open circuit
 short circuit

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  network fault:
 customer equipment
 drop out
 latency
 loss of addressing
 packet loss
 poor wireless connection
 routing problems.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence  identify different faults
 establish context and background information and determine
and rank likely causes of fault
 obtain suitable tools and equipment and apply simple checks,
tests and fault-finding methodology
 apply recommended means to rectify fault
 comply with all related OHS requirements and work practices
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  fault-finding techniques and test equipment
Attitudes  safety requirements and standards
 various client's workplace environment and practices
 various types of networks and equipment
 various types of networks and equipment faults and
rectification
Underpinning Demonstrate:
Skills  communication skills to liaise with clients on technical and
operational matters and raise OHS issues
 literacy skills to interpret technical documentation and
standards and incorporate technical language into written tasks
including report on recommendation to rectify fault
 numeracy skills to interpret technical data, such as
specifications of equipment operations
 problem solving skills to apply methodology in fault diagnosis
 research skills to access technical information and sources to
assist fault identification
 safety awareness skills to:
 apply precautions and required action to minimise,
control or eliminate hazards that may exist during work
activities
 select and use required personal protective equipment
conforming to industry and OHS standards
 work systematically with required attention to detail
without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or
equipment
 technical skills to select and use appropriate methods for fault
identification and rectification
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Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Undertake Radio Communications Signals Monitoring
Unit Code EIS MNO4 10 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to monitor radio communications signals for
interference management, investigation, licence conditions
intelligence and frequency occupancy purposes with discretion to
determine appropriate action according to relevant Acts and
regulations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for 1.1. Given work is prepared according to relevant legislation,
radio codes, regulations and standards, including OHS issues
communicatio and possible hazards
ns signals 1.2. The specific triggers that lead to the need for monitoring
monitoring activities are identified
1.3. Monitoring coordinates are determined as a result of a client
complaint
1.4. The extent and nature of the communications problem are
determined through desktop research and relevant
information
1.5. Necessary details are entered into the appropriate work
management system
2. Plan and 2.1. Monitoring activities and responsibilities are determined
organize according to organisational requirements
monitoring 2.2. Procedures, timeframes, resources and equipment
activities requirements are determined for self and others according to
organisational and task requirements
2.3. Resources and equipment are obtained and prepared
according to organisational and task requirements
2.4. Communication strategies are identified to make clients
aware of their obligations under relevant legislation, codes,
regulations and standards according to organisational policy
and procedures
2.5. Procedural and information guides are updated and
reviewed as required
2.6. Risk management strategies are implemented as required
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 according to set procedures and timelines
3. Undertake 3.1. Monitoring activities are carried out according to
monitoring organisational and legislative requirements, including OHS
3.2. Resources and equipment are used and maintained
according to organisational and task requirements
3.3. Communications and/or interference problems are identified
and confirmed
3.4. Position and source of communications and/or interference
problems are located
3.5. The organisation responsible for the communications and/or
interference problems are identified
3.6. Compliance analysis of unlicensed, unauthorised and non-
standard equipment are undertaken if appropriate
3.7. Provide advice to operational and technical subordinate
officers according to organisational policy and procedures as
required
4. Act on non- 4.1. Information is provided to client and action taken as a result
compliance of failure to achieve compliance according to organisational
guidelines and legislative requirements based on the
seriousness of the possible breach
4.2. Contraventions of compliance requirements are identified
and recommended action reported according to
organisational policy and procedures
4.3. Serious or complex situations are referred for advice or
resolution according to organisational policy and procedures
4.4. Relevant collection methods are used to gain information
and evidence about elements of each offence to be
prosecuted and provide according to legislation, procedures
and rules of evidence
4.5. Court attendance requirements are conducted and fulfilled in
compliance with organisational guidelines as required
4.6. Ensure case is finalised according to court outcomes and
organisational guidelines
5. Provide 5.1. Requirements of relevant legislation are interpreted and
reports and information and advice on technical and operational matters
information provided
5.2. Clients affected by outcomes are advised within limits of
privacy legislation
5.3. Records are maintained and reports are prepared and
provided according to organisational requirements
5.4. Any compliance management systems are updated with
relevant findings and outcomes
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Variable Range
Relevant May include:
legislation, codes,  Crimes Act and Criminal Code Act
regulations and  Interception Act
standards  International ISO standards
 International Telecommunications Union (ITU) regulations
 National Measurements Act
 OHS Act
 Privacy Act
 private property law
 Radio Communications Act
 spectrum management legislation
 state, territory and local government legislation and
regulations:
 building
 conservation and land management
 emergencies
 environmental protection
 international legislation/codes of behaviour
 Telecommunications Act.
Hazards May include:
 environmental conditions:
 broken ground
 dust
 flora and fauna
 location involving working over old underground workings
and voids
 materials
 natural landscapes
 noise
 run-off and spills
 waste management and disposal
 water quality
 wet conditions
 working at heights or on roof tops
 safety issues:
 electromagnetic radiation
 emissions
 EMR based on site power
 hazardous chemicals
 laser output
 underground plant
 vehicle safety:
 4WD
 driving in adverse conditions
 Winches.

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Triggers May include:
 assisting frequency assigners prior to allocations
 broadcast survey at head office request
 complaints
 complaints in writing
 expired licences
 field strength for low power open narrowcasting (LPONS) and
digital action plan (DAP)
 interference
 investigations
 monitoring to check complaint is legitimate or interference
occurring may be intermittent interference
 monitoring of high demand spectrum when a large user is
requesting more spectrum whilst appearing to be using their
existing inefficiently
 noise floor measurements for spectrum planning
 proactive compliance activity
 site audits
 special events monitoring under contract
 Task created as a result of monitoring.
Monitoring May include:
activities  audio content
 channel usage (orphans)
 deviation
 EMC issues
 feed into investigation
 field strength
 focused and benchmark audit activities
 frequency
 modulation
 occupancy
 other compliance assurance activities
 power
 radiation patterns
 radio communications audit
 radio interference complaint
 spectrum display
 surveillance
 transmitted data
 unlicensed services or content
 Verification of adherence to licence conditions.
Responsibilities May include:
 inspection specialists
 line managers
 program managers
 project managers
 senior inspectors
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  senior policy officers
 Supervisors.
Procedures May include:
 broadcast tower safety
 channel occupancy with transmitter operating
 decisions to target certain sites:
 communal
 power level
 emergency procedures
 evacuation procedures
 geographical considerations
 handling procedures
 incident reporting procedures
 interference complaints
 investigation of power measurement to ensure correct power
 ITU monitoring handbook
 legislative requirements such as provisions of the
 licence conditions regarding the operating frequency of
transmitters
 measurement procedures
 monitoring instructions and policies
 observation
 OHS
 organisational guidelines and code of conduct
 power company requirements
 RADCOM data purification
 rejection procedures
 safety procedures
 sampling procedures
 site visit compliance instruction procedure guide
 statutory authority requirements
 Storage procedures.
Resources and May include:
equipment  antenna configuration
 Argus monitoring - software
 communication equipment
 communications receivers
 dedicated HF monitoring stations
 desk monitor equipment, such as universal monitoring remote
control system (UMRCS)
 Doppler systems
 electronic recording equipment - multi-track
 entry authority or warrant
 field strength measurement
 global positioning system (GPS) equipment
 hand-held equipment
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 
portable monitoring equipment

Radphones

receiver protection:
 attenuators
 filters
 recording equipment
 remote access of carriers monitoring systems through software
installed on a desktop and dialup number for monitoring
 satellite imagery
 scanners
 spatial data and information
 spectrum analysers
 storage equipment and facilities
 vehicle mounted and mobile direction finding equipment
 vehicles 2 or 4WD.
Risk management May include:
strategies  access
 control
 monitoring
Action May include:
 advice
 court prosecution
 formal notification of intent
 infringement notices
 on-the-spot fines
 Warning
Collection May include:
methods  determination of land ownership
 interviewing
 maintenance of case files
 observation
 recording
 Seizure.
Records May include:
 case files
 forms:
 application,
 notification
 invoices
 notices:
 infringement
 seizure
 receipts
 Statistics.

Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 plan and conduct radio communications signals monitoring
activities under general direction in a range of different
contexts
 comply with site risk control, OHS, environmental, quality and
communication requirements
 apply knowledge of appropriate procedures and techniques for
efficient and effective preparation and operation, including
calibration, maintenance and commissioning of instruments
and field equipment appropriate to a communications
environment site
 respond effectively to different challenges and operational
requirements for monitoring, including coping with difficulties,
irregularities and breakdowns in routine.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  anti static protection
Attitudes  cellular antenna installation
 electrical concepts and measurements
 electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and mitigation
 network components and their basic functions
 occupational health and safety (OHS) relevant to work activity
 overview knowledge of:
 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generations of cellular networks
 features and operating requirements of test equipment
 procedures for repairs and swap activities
 test operation of cellular network equipment
 testing network components
 voltage levels and polarity
Underpinning Demonstrate:
Skills  communication skills to liaise with internal and external
personnel on technical requirements
 literacy skills to read, interpret and prepare technical
documentation
 numeracy skills to read and interpret measurements and report
to supervisors
 planning and organisational skills to plan the test in
coordination with supervisors
 safety awareness skills to:
 apply precautions and required action to minimise, control
or eliminate hazards that may exist during work activities
 work systematically with required attention to detail without
injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment
 technical skills to:
 install network equipment
 perform fault clearance
 select and use appropriate test equipment and practices to
suit different network applications
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  recognising and interpreting alarms
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Undertake Remote Diagnosis and Repair of Network Faults
Unit Code EIS MNO4 11 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to undertake remote diagnosis and repair of
network faults. It includes fault diagnostic and repair strategies for
working with remote network equipment.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Diagnose 1.1. Remote access software is installed on notebook computers
remote faults 1.2. Network fault is verified by analysing relevant data
1.3. Context and background information relevant to network
fault are investigated
1.4. Appropriate documentation and test equipment relevant
to the network fault are sourced
1.5. Appropriate tests and analyse results are conducted
1.6. Network faults are diagnosed using established methodical
strategies in a timely fashion without disruption to other
services
2. Plan remote 2.1. The level of involvement of the NOC is assessed in planning
repair the repair
2.2. Any necessary outages are planned and customers notified
2.3. Repair strategies are developed to clear fault
2.4. A strategy is developed for the rerouting of customer traffic
if applicable
2.5. Site personnel are advised of required work and the repair
strategy clearly communicated
3. Repair fault 3.1. Remote repair strategies are initiated to reconfigure or repair
remote equipment in a manner safe to self, fellow workers
network equipment and public
3.2. Customers are informed of repair progress where fault has
caused degradation of service or outage
3.3. Unresolved faults are escalated according to established
enterprise procedure
3.4. The remote repair is tested for required performance
3.5. Ongoing network performance and the likelihood of further
problems are assessed

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4. Report remote 4.1. All relevant parties of the results are notified of the remote
diagnosis and diagnosis and repair
repair and 4.2. Details relating to any outage are recorded according to
document enterprise procedures
results
4.3. All relevant documentation and recommend any changes
required by the enterprise quality assurance system are
completed

Variable Range
Relevant data May include:
 alarm conditions
 customer reports
 event history
 event log
 service level degradation
 Test results from remote interrogation.
Context and May include:
background  customer reports
information  environmental factors
 fault history
 Previous reports.
Appropriate May include:
documentation  manufacturer's technical documentation
 test procedures
 Trouble clearing and alarm reference guide.
Test equipment May include:
 bit error rate tester
 communication system analyser
 digital analyser
 laser source
 magnetic error reduction meter
 microwave link analyser
 modulation analyser
 multimeter
 optical attenuator
 optical fibre power meter
 optical loss test set
 oscillator
 oscilloscope
 optical time domain reflect meter (OTDR)
 pattern generator
 personal computer loaded with diagnostic routines
 power meter
 radio frequency (RF) microwave test set
 RF sweep tester
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  signal level meter
 spectrum analyses
 transmission measuring set
 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) meter.
Appropriate tests May include:
 bandwidth
 blocking
 call rate
 congestion
 distortion
 dropout rate
 functionality
 interference
 latency
 network tests
 optical transmission
 packet loss rate
 quality of service (Quest)
 radio transmission
 recovery rate
 redundancy
 signal to noise ratio
 transmitted power measurements
 Upload and download rates.
Network faults May include:
 out of specification faults
 dynamic loops
 intermittent performance problems
 latency
 network dropout
 severe cable or transmission path damage
 system configuration problems
 system equipment failure or partial failure
 Traffic congestion.
Network May include:
operation centre  engineering unit within an enterprise responsible for:
(NOC)  coordinating repairs or changes to the network
 monitoring the network
 Performing diagnostic tests.
Outages May include:
 loss of service to customers due to a network fault or upgrade
 planned, in the case of network upgrades
 Unplanned in relation to faults.
Repair strategies May include:
 force traffic to alternate path
 isolate faulty unit
 Switch to redundant equipment.
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Customer traffic May include:
 analogue or digital forms of:
 data
 image
 voice
Escalate May include:
 greater involvement from the NOC
 Progressive shifting of network restoration responsibility to
more capable areas.
Enterprise May include:
procedure  installation
 maintenance
 reporting
Relevant parties May include:
 contractors
 customers
 equipment vendors and manufacturers
 fault centre
 individual reporting the fault
 network administrator
 network manager
 network operations centre staff
 onsite technical staff
 site manager
Quality assurance May include:
 acting on logs, reports and other data to guide ongoing quality
improvements
 updating logs and reporting on installation or maintenance
activities

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 diagnose and identify faults including using fault history and
ranking likely causes
 plan and coordinate repair of network faults
 apply enterprise escalation and outage procedures following
related OHS requirements and work practices
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge to:
Knowledge and  installed telecommunications systems and equipment
Attitudes  path protection
 telecommunications networks
 test equipment and test procedures
 typical problems and challenges that arise in NOCs and in the
field
 typical systems and procedures
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Underpinning Demonstrate :
Skills  analytical skills to review alarm information and make
judgments to inform operational decisions
 communication skills to:
 liaise with technical personnel working across different
levels and in different contexts
 provide advice and guidance to others
 initiative and enterprise skills to identify improvements to alarm
resolution and troubleshooting
 learning skills to keep up to date with new technology
 literacy skills to read complex technical data, procedures,
equipment and system manuals and specifications
 numeracy skills to interpret levels, readings and numerical data
 problem solving skills to address complex problems from a
remote location
 research skills to source technical information from enterprise
website or manufacturer's technical documentation
 technical skills to:
 interpret and use equipment and system manuals and
specifications
 undertake diagnosis and repairs on a range of networks
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Complete Equipment and Software Upgrades
Unit Code EIS MNO4 12 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to upgrade telecommunications equipment
and software in service provider networks and customer premises.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare for 1.1. Relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards
the upgrade for compliance are obtained when conducting work
activity 1.2. Customer is notified for site access, security arrangements
and location details of equipment for upgrade
1.3. Site hazards are identified and appropriate personnel notified
to make site safe
1.4. An upgrade plan is prepared against work order and seek
approval from customer
1.5. System back up is organised from support personnel
1.6. Tools and test equipment are obtained and checked for
accuracy and safety
1.7. Specific tasks are allocated according to the skill mix of staff
involved
1.8. Test plan is ran on current equipment and problems are
identified and rectified in consultation with planners
1.9. Functional testing of new systems and equipment is
completed prior to upgrade to minimise system downtime
1.10. Test results are analysed to predict compatibility and
interoperability issues of equipment and systems prior to the
upgrade work
2. Undertake 2.1. Upgrade is implemented according to design specification
upgrade following occupational health and safety (OHS) and
environmental requirements
2.2. Procedures are followed for upgrade of network in sequential
order as defined in instruction manuals
2.3. Progress of upgrade is monitored periodically to ensure that
plans in relation to time and duration are being met
2.4. Planner is notified of problems encountered with detail as to
the impact of the problem on the upgrade plan
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 2.5. Upgrade is aborted and contingency plan should be an
upgrade plan not be realised without major disruption to
network
2.6. System response is monitored during upgrade and action
taken according to instructions provided
3. Test upgrade 3.1. Tests are undertaken according to the predetermined test
for acceptance plan
3.2. Test results are analysed and verified against specified
performance levels
3.3. Problems encountered is escalated according to enterprise
policy
3.4. Reversion procedure is invoked to pre-upgrade state, if
directed by planners, according to enterprise policy
3.5. Upgrade test results are recorded and provided to network
management group
3.6. Post-upgrade routines are ran according to documented
procedures
4. Monitor post- 4.1. Ongoing tests are conducted to ensure success of upgrade
upgrade 4.2. Relevant alarms are monitored to measure impact of upgrade
performance
4.3. Customer complaints are reviewed to assess impact of
upgrade on customer satisfaction
5. Finalize 5.1. Relevant work documentation and administrative tasks are
administrative completed according to enterprise policy
work and 5.2. Site records are amended to show upgraded equipment
cleanup layout
worksite
5.3. Customer training is organised in the new or modified system
5.4. Site is cleaned up and restored to customer satisfaction
5.5. Waste material and debris are collected and disposed
according to environmental requirements
5.6. Asset ready for use are declared
5.7. Customer is notified of upgrade job completion to obtain sign
off of work order and present with a copy of documentation

Variable Range
Relevant May include:
legislation, codes,  Ethiopian standards and codes
regulations and  Communications Cabling Manual (CCM)
standards  cabling security codes and regulations
 Environmental Protection Acts
 OHS Acts
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  technical standards
Customer May include:
 asset manager
 contractor
 network planner
 nominated customer representative
 project manager
 Service provider.
Equipment May include:
 Core and Access network:
 cellular mobile network
 dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network
 gateway router
 IP-Core Network
 mesh network
 multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) router
 network server
 optical network
 satellite network
 switching equipment
 transmission equipment
 worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)
network
 customer network:
 alarms systems
 IP private branch exchange (PBX)
 IP PBX server
 IP security systems
 Internet protocol TV (IPTV)
 LAN:
 data switch
 router
 server
 network management addition
 PBX
 session initiation protocol (SIP)-enabled UC system
 video conferencing equipment
 voice over internet protocol (VoIP) gateway
 WiMAX CPE.
Upgrade May include:
 network capacity upgrade
 network major software upgrade
 network services upgrade
 network technology upgrade
 System integration.
Hazards May include:
 building debris
 earth potential rise (EPR):
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  event at a site, such as an electrical distribution substation,
may expose telecommunications personnel, users or plant
to hazardous voltages
 glass fibre
 live power lines
 manual handling
 mud and water
 natural gas and other gas build up
 optical fibre cable may contain hazardous light
 radio frequency (RF) equipment emitting radiation
 remote power feeding services which operate at above
telecommunications network voltage (TNV)
 Vermin.
Upgrade plan May include:
 access and security arrangements
 afterhours access
 contingencies
 contingency plans
 customers communication priorities
 customers communications needs
 downtime
 installation of backup equipment
 provision of temporary services
 test plans
 testing procedures
 Timing and disruption to services.
Support May include:
personnel  help desk
 IT support
 network operations support
 Vendor backup.
Test equipment May include:
 communication testers
 frequency analysers
 microwave link analysers
 network analyser
 protocol analyser
 spectrum analysers
 traffic analyser
 Transmission measuring sets.
Test May include:
 Ability to make and receive a call
 Configuration tests
 Diagnostic tests
 Programme checks
 Routing tests
 Software tests
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  Switching tests
 Traffic measurement test
 Transmission tests.
Upgrade work May include:
 commission of new system
 installation of new additional equipment
 installation of new software
 integration of new equipment into existing system
 provision of temporary service
 removal of redundant equipment
 test on new system
OHS and May include:
environmental  decommissioning and isolating worksite and lines prior to
requirements commencement
 identifying other services, including power and gas
 personal protective clothing:
 earmuffs
 gloves
 head protection
 kneepads
 masks
 protective suits
 safety boots
 safety glasses
 safe working practices, such as the safe use and handling of:
 asbestos
 chemicals
 materials
 tools and equipment
 work platforms
 special access requirements
 suitable light and ventilation
 environmental considerations:
 clean-up protection
 stormwater protection
 Waste management.
Progress of May include:
upgrade  rate of deliverables against project timeline
 risk management
 timing
Contingency plan May include:
 be developed as part of the upgrade planning and design
 be escalated and referred to more specialist team
 invoke partial upgrade to be continued at later stage
 Invoke reversion procedure to pre-update condition.
Documentation May include:
 configuration details

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  implementation and testing procedures
 network impact statement
 software test results
 system updates
 test results and recommendations
 upgrade details
 Vendor, equipment and enterprise specific details.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 analyse the implications of hardware and software upgrade on
the remainder of the network
 plan and identify the components of the upgrade process
 prepare an upgrade plan and organise system backup
 run test plan and analyse test results
 implement upgrade and monitor progress of upgrade
periodically using both vendor and enterprise specific
monitoring tools
 implement contingency plan
 escalate problems encountered according to enterprise policy
 analyse alarms and alarm conditions
 review customer complaints to assess impact of upgrade
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  alarms
Attitudes  backup systems
 upgrades and post-upgrade routines
 computer knowledge
 escalation and outage procedures
 network management systems
 overview knowledge of telecommunications networks and
equipment
 telecommunications monitoring tools
 telecommunications test equipment and test set-ups
 telecommunications wiring practices
Underpinning Demonstrate :
Skills  analytical skills to evaluate impact of upgrades on customer
equipment and systems
 communication skills to:
 provide advice and guidance to others and to liaise with
other technical staff on operational matters
 respond to customer complaints
 literacy skills to read and interpret:
 contingency plans
 enterprise procedures, manuals and specifications
 technical data, technical and non-technical information from
a range of sources
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  test results
 numeracy skills to interpret technical data
 PC skills to monitor installed software
 planning and organisational skills to plan and prioritise own
work
 problem solving skills to:
 deal with unexpected situations on the basis of safety and
specified work outcomes
 prepare upgrade plan
 troubleshoot common equipment and network problems
 safety awareness skills to:
 apply precautions and required action to minimise, control
or eliminate hazards
 follow enterprise OHS procedures
 work systematically with required attention to detail without
injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment
 technical skills to:
 analyse the impact of applications on traffic flow in the
network
 determine customer requirements
 determine the impact of upgrading hardware and software
on network functionality
 identify the technical requirements, constraints and
manageability issues for a given customer network
requirement
 implement upgrade of equipment and software
 use test equipment and monitoring tools
 use tools and equipment to assemble and disassemble
equipment
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Identify Requirements for Customer Telecommunications
Unit Title
Equipment
Unit Code EIS MNO4 13 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to identify requirements for customer's
telecommunications equipment.
Equipments used must be compliant with appropriate technical
standard requirements.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare to 1.1. Customer is notified to arrange access to site and customer
identify equipment identified
services 1.2. Site specific safety requirements and enterprise occupational
required health and safety (OHS) processes and procedures are
assessed
1.3. Customer is notified to arrange access to the site and
customer requirements discussed
1.4. Details of types and models of existing and proposed
customer equipment are confirmed
1.5. Intended uses of customer's equipment are established to
assist in identifying cabling requirements
1.6. Required cabling requirements are established with
customer and alternate recommendations made
1.7. Existing facilities and systems including network facilities are
located
1.8. Building construction is verified to confirm accessibility
1.9. Existing floor plans Utilise where available and integrate into
subsequent documentation
1.10. Customer is notified where physical location may incur
additional cost
1.11. A report on required services is prepared
2. Establish 2.1. Capacity of existing cabling is calculated against proposed
availability of usage to ensure appropriate decisions are taken on extent of
and access to new cabling required
existing 2.2. Cabling is inspected to ensure compliance with regulations,
cabling relevant legislation, codes, regulations and standards
2.3. A report on cabling infrastructure and equipment is prepared
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 to meet customer requirements
3. Complete 3.1. All required documents are completed promptly and
required accurately according to company policy
reports and 3.2. Customer confirmation of documented requirements is
documentation obtained where required
3.3. Relevant documentation is distributed promptly to required
parties
3.4. Sign off is obtained from customer

Variable Range
Equipment May include:
 bandwidth managers
 computer network
 digital subscriber line (DSL):
 asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
 digital broadcasting
 computer telephony integration CTI) technologies
 modems
 network equipment
 private automatic branch exchange (PABX)
 pay TV and satellite TV installations
 radio frequency (RF) equipment
 security panels and equipment
 single line telephones
 telephone systems
 video
Customer May include:
requirements  an existing builder's or electrical contractor's schedule
 cable
 connectors
 cost per cable length installed per outlet
 equipment types:
 bandwidth managers
 data
 DSL
o ADSL
o ADSL2
 digital broadcasting
 CTI
 modems
 network equipment
 PABX
 RF equipment
 single line telephones
 telephone systems

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  video
 frames
 requirements for:
 equipment
 labour
 materials
 other resources
 timeframes
 scope of works
 Support system.
Intended uses of May include:
customer's  bandwidth management
equipment  future needs
 interface types
 integrated services digital network (ISDN) application
 location
 primary rate access
 services required
 speed
 telephone distribution
 Video distribution.
Cabling May include:
requirements  cost estimates, speed, response time, capacity and
compatibility of proposed cabling installation
 cable compliant with appropriate technical standard
requirements:
 aerial
 UTP /STP (Category 5, 6, 6A, 7 or 7A)
 underground
 Customer premises telecommunications cabling includes any
area under the control of the customer as distinct from areas
controlled by a network carrier.
Facilities May include:
 associated with network:
 business links
 call barring
 call diversion
 city links
 data links
 dial tone
 easy call
 incoming lines only
 least cost routing
 metering
 Rotary dialling.
Documentation May include:
 order forms
 quotation forms
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  Services checklists.
Relevant May include:
legislation, codes,  Ethiopian standards and codes
regulations and  Communications Cabling Manual (CCM)
standards  Ethiopian building codes and regulations
 cabling security codes and regulations
 fire regulations
 industry standards may include regulated or industry codes of
practice and include appropriate technical standards
 mining legislation
 noise abatement and heritage legislation
 OHS
 Trade Practices Act.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 identify services required and availability and access to
existing cabling
 identify locations of equipment and placement of cables on
support structures and building faces for both internal and
external locations for service delivery
 complete required reports and documentation including order
forms, services checklists and quotation forms.
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  features and operating requirements of test equipment
Attitudes  legislation, codes of practice and other formal agreements that
impact on the work activity
 manufacturer's requirements for safe operation of equipment
 specific OHS requirements relating to the activity and site
conditions
 typical issues and challenges that occur on site
Underpinning Demonstrate :
Skills  communication skills to liaise with internal and external
personnel on technical and operational matters
 literacy skills to:
 interpret technical documentation, such as equipment
manuals and specifications
 read and interpret drawings related to customer's
telecommunications equipment
 write reports:
 numeracy skills to calculate capacity of existing cabling
 planning and organisational skills to organise and maintain
equipment
 problem solving skills to solve equipment and logistics
problems
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  task management skills to work systematically with required
attention to detail and adherence to all safety requirements
 technical skills to:
 establish cabling requirements
 inspect cabling
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV

Unit Title Develop Detailed Technical Design

Unit Code EIS MNO4 14 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to assist in the
development of a detailed technical design.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Contribute to 1.1. Design model is selected and revised based on iteration and
determination design changes
of technical
1.2. Outstanding design points are incorporated according to
design acceptance criteria
features
1.3. Reports identifying changes and implications are distributed to
appropriate person for review
2. Contribute to 2.1. Design is compared against requirements and fix as
design review necessary
2.2. Design is confirmed with appropriate person
2.3. Feedback mechanisms are used to gather information on
design changes from client
2.4. Design changes are incorporated where required
3. Contribute to 3.1. Modules are implemented by incremental development
development techniques
of program 3.2. User authority are identified for each module
specifications
3.3. Detailed specifications of module implementation are
prepared for each module that will not be incrementally built
3.4. Documentation is prepared according to requirements of the
project

Variable Range

Acceptance criteria May include:

 timeframe
 cost implications
 technical
 logistical considerations
Appropriate person May include;
 supervisor
 teacher
 authorised business representative
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  client
Requirements May include:
 business
 system
 application
 network
 people in the organisation
Feedback May include:
mechanisms  surveys
 questionnaires
 interviews
 meetings
Client May include:
 internal departments
 external organisations
 clubs
 individual people
 internal employees
Project May include:
 a business involved in a total organisational change
 a systems-only change
 a business improvement process
 an e-business solution involving the total organisation or part
of the organisation

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence  Assessment must confirm sufficient knowledge of design
fundamentals and processes.
 Assessment must confirm the ability to prepare a clear and
best-fit technical design for a set project.
To demonstrate competency in this unit the person will require
access to:
 Requirements model
 Business requirements
 Project deliverables
 Acceptance criteria
 Current IT blueprint
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad knowledge of design fundamentals and refinement (e.g.
Attitudes when contributing to the determination of technical design
features)
 Broad general knowledge of the client business domain (e.g.
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 when contributing to design review)
 Broad general knowledge of the client's critical business
functions and processes (e.g. when contributing to design
review)
 Broad knowledge of current various life cycle options (e.g.
when contributing to the determination of technical design
features)
 Broad knowledge of design quality metrics (e.g. coupling and
metrics) e.g. when contributing to the determination of
technical design features and when contributing to the
development of program specifications
Underpinning Demonstrate:
Skills  Problem solving skills for a defined range of unpredictable
problems involving participation in the development of strategic
initiatives (e.g. when the design model is revised based on
iteration and design changes and when design is compared
against requirements model and tuned as necessary)
 Facilitation and presentation skills in relation to transferring and
collecting information and gaining consensus on concepts
 Problem solving skills in relation to developing algorithms (e.g.
when contributing to the determination of technical design
features and when contributing to the development of program
specifications)
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Manage the Delivery of Network Infrastructure
Unit Code EIS MNO4 15 0613

Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to manage the delivery of network
infrastructure. It includes scoping the project, developing a project
brief and managing the project.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Scope 1.1. The requirements of the project are determined from client and
network approved network plan
infrastructure 1.2. Current access network conditions are assessed to determine
requirements existing network capacity and capability
1.3. Site survey data and geographical information are analysed
where necessary to assess suitability of site to design
requirements
1.4. Risk of barriers to plan realization is assessed to ensure
delivery of network infrastructure project is achievable
1.5. The impact on planning of relevant legislation and
associated operational codes is analysed
1.6. A scoping document is produced with consideration to new
technology or technology features required in the project
2. Develop 2.1. Planning options are developed considering current and new
project brief technology, facilities, features, present and future needs
2.2. Cost-benefit studies are conducted to guide decision making
processes according to sound business practice
2.3. Project brief is discussed with the customer, as required, and
approval of planning options obtained
2.4. Planning specifications relating to location, route, area, product
and/or platform are produced
2.5. Timing, costing and an operating budget are estimated
according to enterprise policy
2.6. The final project brief is prepared and presented to
operational staff for implementation
3. Manage the 3.1. The roles and responsibilities of stakeholders are defined
project within the terms of the project
3.2. A reporting and communications line is established to ensure
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 project is effectively managed
3.3. Progress of the project is reviewed and continually monitored
against deliverables and timelines and contingencies is
invoked if required
3.4. Project documents are completed in line with enterprise
standards and guidelines

Variable Range

Site survey data may include:

 building availability or capacity
 earthing requirements
 environmental impact
 geological and land surveys
 line of sight data
 power availability
 regulatory and statutory requirements
 site availability
 site ownership and acquisition data
 weather conditions
Barriers to plan may include:
realisation  building availability
 community opposition
 environmental considerations
 financial constraints
 government policy
 heritage legislation restrictions
 land acquisition problems
 planning approvals
 technology availability
Relevant may include:
legislation and  National standards and codes
associated  Communications Cabling Manual (CCM)
operational codes  ISO/IEC standards
 Ethiopian building codes and regulations
 cabling security codes and regulations
 compliance with appropriate technical standard requirements
for underground, aerial, Category 5 or Category 6, 6A, 7 or 7A
and unshielded twisted pairs (UTP)
 Environmental Protection Acts
 fire regulations
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
standards
 mining legislation
 noise abatement and heritage legislation
 OHS
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  relevant international standards
 Trade Practices Act.

Scoping may include:

document  barriers to plan realisation
 existing network capacity and capability
 recommendations with changes to original specifications
 survey findings
Project brief may include:
 contingency plan
 management and reporting systems
 project description
 project parameters
 relevant maps
 resources required to complete project
 risk analysis
 scheduling data
 sketch plan
 suggested parallel activities
Project may include:
documents  details of contingency plan
 monitoring details
 project briefs
 project update information
 Reporting documents.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competencies to:
Competence
 scope network infrastructure requirements
 analyse and document considerations in project specifications
 analyse impact of legislative and environmental conditions to
project plan
 prepare project brief outlining specifications, timeframes,
costing and operating budget
 manage the delivery of network infrastructure to completion
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge :
Knowledge and  common customer telecommunications applications and
Attitudes related equipment
 computer operation
 familiarity with the workplace and industry environment
 industry cabling practices
 leasing versus purchase options
 legislative and environmental impacts, including options for
green ICT installations
 network and transmission equipment
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  network topologies, interface and interconnect solutions
 occupational health and safety (OHS) procedures
 performance parameters and typical faults in equipment and
related connection and transmission media, and various test
equipment types
 project management
 telecommunications components and assemblies
 warranty information and contractor work guarantees
Underpinning Demonstrate:
Skills  analysis skills to:
 analyse site survey data
 assess current Access Network capacity and capability
 communications skills to liaise and negotiate with customers to
ensure requirements are known and can be met within
timeframes
 literacy skills to produce:
 contingency plan
 planning specifications
 project brief
 scoping document
 numeracy skills to conduct cost-benefit analysis
 planning and organisational skills to:
 plan efficient work schedules
 plan location route area, product and platform
 priorities and organize own work
 problem solving skills to account for unexpected variations to
requirements
 research skills to gain and maintain relevant and current
technical product knowledge
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Plan and Organize Work
Unit Code EIS MNO4 16 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in
planning and organizing work activities in a production
application. It may be applied to a small independent operation
or to a section of a large organization.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Set objectives 1.1 Objectives are planned consistent with and linked to work
activities in accordance with organizational aims.
1.2 Objectives are stated as measurable targets with clear time
frames.
1.3 Support and commitment of team members are reflected in
the objectives.
1.4 Realistic and attainable objectives are identified.
2. Plan and 2.1 Tasks/work activities to be completed are identified and
schedule work prioritized as directed.
activities 2.2 Tasks/work activities are broken down into steps in
accordance with set time frames and achievable
components.
2.3 Task/work activities are assigned to appropriate team or
individuals in accordance with agreed functions.
2.4 Resources are allocated as per requirements of the activity.
2.5 Schedule of work activities is coordinated with personnel
concerned.
3. Implement 3.1 Work methods and practices are identified in consultation
work plans with personnel concerned.
3.2 Work plans are implemented in accordance with set time
frames, resources and standards.
4. Monitor work 4.1 Work activities are monitored and compared with set
activities objectives.
4.2 Work performance is monitored.
4.3 Deviations from work activities are reported and
recommendations are coordinated with appropriate
personnel and in accordance with set standards.
4.4 Reporting requirements are complied with in accordance with
recommended format.
4.5 Timeliness of report is observed.

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 4.6 Files are established and maintained in accordance with
standard operating procedures.
5. Review and 5.1 Work plans, strategies and implementation are reviewed
evaluate work based on accurate, relevant and current information.
plans and 5.2 Review is done based on comprehensive consultation with
activities appropriate personnel on outcomes of work plans and
reliable feedback.
5.3 Results of review are provided to concerned parties and
formed as the basis for adjustments/simplifications to be
made to policies, processes and activities.
5.4 Performance appraisal is conducted in accordance with
organization rules and regulations.
5.5 Performance appraisal report is prepared and documented
regularly as per organization requirements.
5.6 Recommendations are prepared and presented to
appropriate personnel/authorities.
5.7 Feedback mechanisms are implemented in line with
organization policies.

Variable Range
Objectives  Specific
 General
Resources  Personnel
 Equipment and technology
 Services
 Supplies and materials
 Sources for accessing specialist advice
 Budget
Schedule of work  Daily
activities  Work-based
 Contractual
 Regular
Work methods  Legislated regulations and codes of practice
and practices  Industry regulations and codes of practice
 Occupational health and safety practices
Work plans  Daily work plans
 Project plans
 Program plans
 Resource plans
 Skills development plans
 Management strategies and objectives
Standards  Performance targets
 Performance management and evaluation systems
 Occupational standards

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  Employment contracts
 Client contracts
 Discipline procedures
 Workplace assessment guidelines
 Internal quality assurance
 Internal and external accountability and auditing requirements
 Training Regulation Standards
 Safety Standards
Appropriate  Appropriate personnel include:
personnel/  Management
authorities  Line Staff
Feedback  Feedback mechanisms include:
mechanisms  Verbal feedback
 Informal feedback
 Formal feedback
 Questionnaire
 Survey
 Group discussion

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competence  set objectives
 planned and scheduled work activities
 implemented work plans
 monitored work activities
 reviewed and evaluated work plans and activities
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  organization’s strategic plan, policies rules and regulations,
Attitudes laws and objectives for work unit activities and priorities
 organizations policies, strategic plans, guidelines related to the
role of the work unit
 team work and consultation strategies
Underpinning Demonstrates skill of:
Skills  planning
 leading
 organizing
 coordinating
 communication skills
 inter-and intra-person/motivation skills
 presentation skills
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

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Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Migrate to New Technology
Unit Code EIS MNO4 17 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to apply skills and
knowledge in using new or upgraded technology. The rationale
behind this unit emphasizes the importance of constantly
reviewing work processes, skills and techniques in order to ensure
that the quality of the entire business process is maintained at the
highest level possible through the appropriate application of new
technology. To this end, the person is typically engaged in on-
going review and research in order to discover and apply new
technology or techniques to improve aspects of the organization’s
activities.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Apply existing 1.1 Situations are identified where existing knowledge can be
knowledge and used as the basis for developing new skills.
techniques to 1.2 New or upgraded technology skills reacquired and used to
technology and enhance learning.
transfer
1.3 New or upgraded equipment are identified, classified and
used where appropriate, for the benefit of the organization.
2. Apply functions 2.1 Testing of new or upgraded equipment is conducted
of technology according to the specification manual.
to assist in 2.2 Features of new or upgraded equipment are applied within
solving the organization
organizational
problems 2.3 Features and functions of new or upgraded equipment
aroused for solving organizational problems
2.4 Sources of information relating to new or upgraded
equipment are accessed and used
3. Evaluate new 3.1 New or upgraded equipment is evaluated for performance,
or upgraded usability and against OHS standards.
technology
3.2 Environmental considerations are determined from new or
performance upgraded equipment.
3.3 Feedback is sought from users where appropriate.

Variables Range
Environmental May include but is not limited to recycling, safe disposal of
Considerations packaging (e.g. cardboard, polystyrene, paper, plastic) and correct
disposal of waste materials by an authorized body
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Feedback May include surveys, questionnaires, interviews and meetings.

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Competence must confirm the ability to transfer the application of
Competence existing skills and knowledge to new technology
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Broad awareness of current technology trends and directions in
Attitudes the industry (e.g. systems/procedures, services, new
developments, new protocols)
 Knowledge of vendor product directions
 Ability to locate appropriate sources of information regarding
metal manufacturing and new technologies
 Current industry products/services, procedures and techniques
with knowledge of general features
 Information gathering techniques
Underpinning Demonstrate skills of:
Skills  Research skills for identifying broad features of new
technologies
 Ability to assist in the decision making process
 Literacy skills in regard to interpretation of technical manuals
 Ability to solve known problems in a variety of situations and
locations
 Evaluate and apply new technology to assist in solving
organizational problems
 General analytical skills in relation to known problems
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Establish Quality Standards
Unit Code EIS MNO4 18 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
establish quality specifications for work outcomes and work
performance. It includes monitoring and participation in
maintaining and improving quality, identifying critical control points
in the production of quality output and assisting in planning and
implementing of quality assurance procedures.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Establish 1.1 Market specifications are sourced and legislated

quality requirements identified.
specifications 1.2 Quality specifications are developed and agreed upon
for product
1.3 Quality specifications are documented and introduced to
organization staff / personnel in accordance with the
organization policy
1.4 Quality specifications are updated when necessary
2. Identify 2.1. Critical control points impacting on quality are identified.
hazards and 2.2. Degree of risk for each hazard is determined.
critical control
points 2.3. Necessary documentation is accomplished in accordance
with organization quality procedures
3. Assist in 3.1 Procedures for each identified control point are developed to
planning of ensure optimum quality.
quality 3.2 Hazards and risks are minimized through application of
assurance appropriate controls.
procedures
3.3 Processes are developed to monitor the effectiveness of
quality assurance procedures.
4. Implement 4.1 Responsibilities for carrying out procedures are allocated to
quality staff and contractors.
assurance 4.2 Instructions are prepared in accordance with the enterprise’s
procedures quality assurance program.
4.3 Staff and contractors are given induction training on the
quality assurance policy.
4.4 Staff and contractors are given in-service training relevant to
their allocated safety procedures.
5. Monitor quality 5.1 Quality requirements are identified
of work 5.2 Inputs are inspected to confirm capability to meet quality
outcome requirements
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 5.3 Work is conducted to produce required outcomes
5.4 Work processes are monitored to confirm quality of output
and/or service
5.5 Processes are adjusted to maintain outputs within
specification.
6. Participate in 6.1 Work area, materials, processes and product are routinely
maintaining monitored to ensure compliance with quality requirements
and improving 6.2 Non-conformance in inputs, process, product and/or service
quality at work is identified and reported according to workplace reporting
requirements
6.3 Corrective action is taken within level of responsibility, to
maintain quality standards
6.4 Quality issues are raised with designated personnel
7. Report 7.1 Potential or existing quality problems are recognized.
problems that
7.2 Instances of variation in quality are identified from
affect quality specifications or work instructions.
7.3 Variation and potential problems are reported to
supervisor/manager according to enterprise guidelines.

Variable Range
Sourced  End-users
 Customers or stakeholders
Legislated  Verification of product quality as part of consumer legislation or
requirements specific legislation related to product content or composition.
Safety  Use of tools and equipment for fabrication/production/
procedures. manufacturing works
 Workplace environment and handling of material safety,
 Following occupational health and safety procedures
designated for the task
 Respect the policies, regulations, legislations, rule and
procedures for manufacturing/production/fabrication works

Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspect of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence  Monitored quality of work
 Established quality specifications for product
 Participated in maintaining and improving quality at work
 Identified hazards and critical control points in the production of
quality product
 Assisted in planning of quality assurance procedures
 Reported problems that affect quality
 Implemented quality assurance procedures
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge  work and product quality specifications
 quality policies and procedures
 improving quality at work
 hazards and critical points of operation
 obtaining and using information
 applying federal and regional legislation within day-today work
activities
 accessing and using management systems to keep and
maintain accurate records
 requirements for correct preparation and operation
 technical writing
Underpinning Demonstrates skills in:
Skills  monitoring quality of work
 establishing quality specifications for product
 participating in maintaining and improving quality at work
 identifying hazards and critical control points in the production
of quality product
 assisting in planning of quality assurance procedures
 reporting problems that affect quality
 implementing quality assurance procedures
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Develop Individuals and Team
Unit Code EIS MNO4 19 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
determine individual and team development needs and facilitate
the development of the workgroup.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Provide team 1.1 Learning and development needs are systematically
leadership identified and implemented in line with organizational
requirements
1.2 Learning plan to meet individual and group training and
developmental needs is collaboratively developed and
implemented
1.3 Individuals are encouraged to self-evaluate performance and
identify areas for improvement
1.4 Feedback on performance of team members is collected
from relevant sources and compared with established team
learning process
2. Foster 2.1 Learning and development program goals and objectives are
individual and identified to match the specific knowledge and skills
organizational requirements of Competence standards
growth 2.2 Learning delivery methods are made appropriate to the
learning goals, the learning style of participants and
availability of equipment and resources
2.3 Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring
assistance are provided to facilitate individual and team
achievement of competencies
2.4 Resources and timelines required for learning activities are
identified and approved in accordance with organizational
requirements
3. Monitor and 3.1 Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify and
evaluate implement improvements in future learning arrangements
workplace 3.2 Outcomes and performance of individuals/teams are
learning assessed and recorded to determine the effectiveness of
development programs and the extent of additional support
3.3 Modifications to learning plans are negotiated to improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of learning
3.4 Records and reports of competence are maintained within
organizational requirement

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4. Develop team 4.1 Open communication processes to obtain and share
commitment information is used by team
and 4.2 Decisions are reached by the team in accordance with its
cooperation agreed roles and responsibilities
4.3 Mutual concern and camaraderie are developed in the team

5. Facilitate 5.1 Team members are actively participated in team activities and
accomplishm communication processes
ent of 5.2 Individual and joint responsibility is developed by teams
organizational members for their actions
goals 5.3 Collaborative efforts are sustained to attain organizational
goals

Variable Range
Learning and  Coaching, monitoring and/or supervision
development  Formal/informal learning program
needs  Internal/external training provision
 Work experience/exchange/opportunities
 Personal study
 Career planning/development
 Performance evaluation
 Workplace skills assessment
 Recognition of prior learning
Organizational  Quality assurance and/or procedures manuals
requirements  Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
 Legal and organizational policy/guidelines and requirements
 Safety policies, procedures and programs
 Confidentiality and security requirements
 Business and performance plans
 Ethical standards
 Quality and continuous improvement processes and standards
Feedback on  Formal/informal performance evaluation
performance  Obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues
 Obtaining feedback from clients
 Personal and reflective behavior strategies
 Routine and organizational methods for monitoring service
delivery
Learning delivery  On the job coaching or monitoring
methods  Problem solving
 Presentation/demonstration
 Formal course participation
 Work experience and involvement in professional networks
 Conference and seminar attendance

Evidence Guide

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Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence  identified and implemented learning opportunities for others
 gave and received feedback constructively
 facilitated participation of individuals in the work of the team
 negotiated plans to improve the effectiveness of learning
 prepared learning plans to match skill needs
 accessed and designated learning opportunities
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  coaching and monitoring principles
Attitude  understanding how to work effectively with team members who
have diverse work styles, aspirations, cultures and perspective
 understanding how to facilitate team development and
improvement
 understanding methods and techniques to obtain and
interpreting feedback
 understanding methods for identifying and prioritizing personal
development opportunities and options
 knowledge of career paths and competence standards in the
industry
Underpinning Demonstrates skills in:
Skills  reading and understanding a variety of texts, preparing general
information and documents according to target audience; spell
with accuracy; use grammar and punctuation effective
relationships and conflict management
 communication including receiving feedback and reporting,
maintaining effective relationships and conflict management
 planning skills to organize required resources and equipment
to meet learning needs
 coaching and mentoring skills to provide support to colleagues
 reporting to organize information; assess information for
relevance and accuracy; identify and elaborate on learning
outcomes
 facilitation to conduct small group training sessions
 relating to people from a range of social, cultural, physical and
mental backgrounds
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

Methods of Competence may be assessed through:

Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and Maintenance
Level IV
Unit Title Utilize Specialized Communication Skills
Unit Code EIS MNO4 20 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
use specialized communication skills to meet specific needs of
internal and external clients, conduct interviews, facilitate group
discussions, and contribute to the development of communication
strategies.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Meet common 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are
and specific identified and met
communication 1.2 Different approaches are used to meet communication
needs of clients needs of clients and colleagues
and colleagues
1.3 Conflict is addressed promptly and in a timely way and in a
manner which does not compromise the standing of the
organization

2. Contribute to 2.1 Strategies for internal and external dissemination of

the information are developed, promoted, implemented and
development of reviewed as required
communication 2.2 Channels of communication are established and reviewed
strategies regularly
2.3 Coaching in effective communication is provided
2.4 Work related network and relationship are maintained as
necessary
2.5 Negotiation and conflict resolution strategies are used where
required
2.6 Communication with clients and colleagues is appropriate to
individual needs and organizational objectives

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3. Represent the 3.1 When participating in internal or external fora, presentation is
organization relevant, appropriately researched and presented in a
manner to promote the organization
3.2 Presentation is made clear and sequential and delivered
within a predetermined time
3.3 Appropriate media is utilized to enhance presentation
3.4 Differences in views are respected
3.5 Written communication is made consistent with
organizational standards
3.6 Inquiries are responded in a manner consistent with
organizational standard
4. Facilitate group 4.1 Mechanisms which enhance effective group interaction
discussion are defined and implemented
4.2 Strategies which encourage all group members to participate
are used routinely
4.3 Objectives and agenda are routinely set and followed for
meetings and discussions
4.4 Relevant information are provided to group to facilitate
outcomes
4.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is undertaken
to promote participation of all parties
4.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are identified
and addressed
5. Conduct 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are
interview employed in interview situations
5.2 Different types of interview is conducted in accordance with
the organizational procedures
5.3 Records of interviews are made and maintained in
accordance with organizational procedures
5.4 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal communication
techniques are used to ensure that required message is
communicated

Variable Range
Strategies  Recognizing own limitations
 Utilizing techniques and aids
 Providing written drafts
 Verbal and non verbal communication
Effective group  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within an
interaction interaction in a non-judgmental way
 Using active listening
 Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally appropriate
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  Expressing an individual perspective
 Expressing own philosophy, ideology and background and
exploring impact with relevance to communication
Interview  Establish rapport
situations  obtain facts and information
 Facilitate resolution of issues
 Develop action plans
 Diffuse potentially difficult situation
Types of Interview  Related to staff issues
 Routine
 Confidential
 Evidential
 Non-disclosure
 Disclosure

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence  Demonstrated effective communication skills with clients and
work colleagues accessing service
 Adopted relevant communication techniques and strategies to
meet client particular needs and difficulties
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  communication process
Values  dynamics of groups and different styles of group leadership
 communication skills relevant to client groups
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills  full range of communication techniques including:
 active listening
 feedback
 interpretation
 role boundaries setting
 negotiation
 establishing empathy
 communication strategies
 communication required to fulfill job roles as specified by the
organization
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and
Maintenance Level IV
Unit Title Manage and Maintain Small/Medium Business Operations
Unit Code EIS MNO4 21 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the operation of day-to-day business activities in a
micro or small business. The strategies involve developing,
monitoring and managing work activities and financial information,
developing effective work habits, and adjusting work schedules as
needed.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify daily 1.1 Work requirements are identified for a given time period by
work taking into consideration resources and constraints
requirements 1.2 Work activities are prioritized based on business needs,
requirements and deadlines
1.3 If appropriate, work is allocated to relevant staff or contractors
to optimize efficiency
2. Monitor and 2.1 People, resources and/or equipment are coordinated to
manage provide optimum results
work
2.2 Staff, clients and/or contractors are communicated within a
clear and regular manner, to monitor work in relation to
business goals or timelines
2.3 Problem solving techniques are applied to work situations
to overcome difficulties and achieve positive outcomes
3. Develop 3.1 Work and personal priorities are identified and a balance is
effective achieved between competing priorities using appropriate time
work habits management strategies
3.2 Input from internal and external sources is sought and used
to develop and refine new ideas and approaches
3.3 Business or inquiries is/are responded to promptly and
effectively
3.4 Information is presented in a format appropriate to the industry
and audience
4. Interpret 4.1 Relevant documents and reports are identified
financial
information 4.2 Documents and reports are read and understood and any
implications discussed with appropriate persons
4.3 Data and numerical calculations are analyzed, checked,
evaluated, organized and reconciled

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 4.4 Daily financial records and cash flow are maintained correctly
and in accordance with legal and accounting requirements
4.5 Invoices and payments are prepared and distributed in a
timely manner and in accordance with legal requirements
4.6 Outstanding accounts are collected or followed-up on
5. Evaluate 5.1 Opportunities for improvements are monitored according to
work business demands
performance
5.2 Work schedules are adjusted to incorporate necessary
modifications to existing work and routines or changing needs
and requirements
5.3 Proposed changes are clearly communicated and recorded to
aid in future planning and evaluation
5.4 Relevant codes of practice are used to guide an ethical
approach to workplace practices and decisions

Variable Range
Resources may  staff
include:  money
 time
 equipment
 space
Business goals  sales targets
may include:  budgetary targets
 team and individual goals
 production targets
 reporting deadlines
Problem solving  gaining additional research and information to make better
techniques may informed decisions
include:  looking for patterns
 considering related problems or those from the past and how
they were handled
 eliminating possibilities
 identifying and attempting sub-tasks
 collaborating and asking for advice or help from additional
sources
Time  prioritizing and anticipating
management  short term and long term planning and scheduling
strategies may  creating a positive and organized work environment
include:  clear timelines and goal setting that is regularly reviewed and
adjusted as necessary
 breaking large tasks into smaller tasks
 getting additional support if identified and necessary
Internal and  staff and colleagues
external sources  management, supervisors, advisors or head office
may include:  relevant professionals such as lawyers, accountants,
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 management consultants
 professional associations

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects A person must be able to demonstrate:
of Competence  ability to identify daily work requirements and allocate work
appropriately
 ability to interpret financial documents in accordance with legal
requirements
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Federal and Local Government legislative requirements
Attitudes affecting business operations, especially in regard to
occupational health and safety (OHS), equal employment
opportunity, industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 technical or specialist skills relevant to the business operation
 relevant industry code of practice
 planning techniques to establish realistic timelines and priorities
 identification of relevant performance measures
 quality assurance principles and methods
 relevant marketing, management, sales and financial concepts
 methods for monitoring performance and implementing
improvements
 structured approaches to problem solving, idea management
and time management
Underpinning Demonstrate skills to:
Skills  interpret legal requirements, company policies and procedures
and immediate, day-to-day demands
 communication skills including questioning, clarifying, reporting,
and giving and receiving constructive feedback
 numeracy skills for performance information, setting targets and
interpreting financial documents and reports
 technical and analytical skills to interpret business document,
reports and financial statements and projections
 ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
 problem solving skills to develop contingency plans
 using computers and software packages to record and manage
data and to produce reports
 evaluation skills for assessing work and outcomes
 observation skills for identifying appropriate people, resources
and to monitor work
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

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Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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Occupational Standard: Mobile and Wireless Network Operation and Maintenance
Level IV
Unit Title Apply Problem Solving Techniques and Tools
Unit Code EIS MNO4 22 0613
Unit Descriptor This unit of competency covers the knowledge, skills and
attitude required to apply scientific problem solving techniques
and tools to enhance quality, productivity and other kaizen
elements on continual basis.

Elements Performance criteria

1. Identify and select 1.1 Safety requirements are followed in accordance with
theme/problem. safety plans and procedures.
1.2 All possible problems related to the process /Kaizen
elements are listed using statistical tools and techniques.
1.3 All possible problems related to kaizen elements are
identified and listed on Visual Management Board/Kaizen
Board.
1.4 Problems are classified based on obviousness of cause
and action.
1.5 Critical factors like the number of customers affected,
Potentials for bottlenecks, and number of complaints etc…
is selected.
1.6 Problems related to priorities of Kaizen Elements are given
due emphasis and selected.
2. Grasp current 2.1 The extent of the problem is defined.
status and set
goal. 2.2 Appropriate and achievable goal is set.
3. Establish activity 3.1 The problem is confirmed.
plan.
3.2 High priority problem is selected.
3.3 The extent of the problem is defined.
3.4 Activity plan is established as per 5W1H.
4. Analyze causes of 4.1 All possible causes of a problem are listed.
a problem.
4.2 Cause relationships are analyzed using4M1E.
4.3 Causes of the problems are identified.
4.4 Root causes are selected.
4.5 The root cause which is most directly related to the problem
is selected.
4.6 All possible ways are listed using creative idea generation

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 to eliminate the most critical root cause.
4.7 The suggested solutions are carefully tested and evaluated
for potential complications.
4.8 Detailed summaries of the action plan are prepared to
implement the suggested solution.
5. Examine 5.1 Action plan is implemented by medium KPT members.
countermeasures
and their 5.2 Implementation is monitored according to the agreed
implementation. procedure and activities are checked with preset plan.
6. Assess 6.1 Tangible and intangible results are identified.
effectiveness of
the solution. 6.2 The results are verified over time.
6.3 Tangible results are compared with targets using various
types of diagram.
7. Standardize and
7.1 If the goal is achieved, the new procedures are
sustain operation. standardized and made part of daily activities.
7.2 All employees are trained on the new Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs).
7.3 SOP is verified and followed by all employees.
7.4 The next problem is selected to be tackled by the team.

Variables Range
Safety requirements may include but not limited to:
 OHS requirements include legislation, material safety,
managements system, hazardous substances and
dangerous goods code and local safe operating procedures
 Work is carried out in accordance with legislative obligations,
environmental legislations, relevant health regulation, manual
handling procedure and organization insurance requirements

Statistical tools and may include but not limited to:

techniques  7 QC tools may include:
 Stratification
 Pareto Diagram
 Cause and Effect Diagram
 Check Sheet
 Control Chart/Graph
 Histogram
 Scatter Diagram
 QC techniques may include:
 Brain storming
 Why analysis
 What if analysis
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  5W1H

Kaizen Elements may include but not limited to:

 Quality
 Cost
 Productivity
 Delivery
 Safety
 Moral
 Environment
 Gender equality

5W1H may include but not limited to:

 Who: person in charge
 Why: objective
 What: item to be implemented
 Where: location
 When: time frame
 How: method

4M1E may include but not limited to:

 Man
 Machine
 Method
 Material and
 Environment

Creative idea may include but not limited to:

generation  Brainstorming
 Exploring and examining ideas in varied ways
 Elaborating and extrapolating
 Conceptualizing
Medium KPT may include but not limited to:
 5S
 4M (machine, method, material and man)
 4P (Policy, procedures, People and Plant)
 PDCA cycle
 Basics of IE tools and techniques

Tangible and may include but not limited to:

intangible results  Tangible result may include:
 Quantifiable data
 Intangible result may include:
 Qualitative data

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Various types of may include but not limited to:
diagram  Line graph
 Bar graph
 Pie-chart
 Scatter diagram
 Affinity diagram
Standard Operating may include but not limited to:
Procedures (SOPs)  The customer demand
 The most efficient work routine (steps)
 The cycle times required to complete work elements
 All process quality checks required to minimize defects/errors
 The exact amount of work in process required

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge competencies to:
Assessment
 Apply all relevant procedures and regulatory requirements to
ensure quality and productivity of an organization.
 Detect non-conforming products/services in the work area
 Apply effective problem solving approaches/strategies.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures
 Apply statistical quality control tools and techniques.
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and
 QC story/PDCA cycle/
Attitude
 QC story/ Problem solving steps
 QCC techniques
 7 QC tools
 Basic IE tools and techniques.
 SOP
 Quality requirements associated with the individual's job
function and/or work area
 Workplace procedures associated with the candidate's
regular technical duties
 Relevant health, safety and environment requirements
 organizational structure of the enterprise
 Lines of communication
 Methods of making/recommending improvements.
 Reporting procedures
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
 Apply problem solving techniques and tools

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  Apply statistical analysis tools
 Apply Visual Management Board/Kaizen Board.
 Detect non-conforming products or services in the work area
 Document and report information about quality, productivity
and other kaizen elements.
 Contribute effectively within a team to recognize and
recommend improvements in quality, productivity and other
kaizen elements.
 Implement and monitor improved practices and procedures.
 Organize and prioritize activities and items.
 Read and interpret documents describing procedures
 Record activities and results against templates and other
prescribed formats.
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting.

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 Sector :Economic Infrastructure
Telecommunications
Mobile & Wireless Optical Telecom Network
Network Network Management OS
Level V Management OS Management
OS

Mobile & Wireless Optical Broadband Telecom Network

Network Network Network Operation &
Level IV Operation & Operation & Operation & Maintenance OS
Maintenance OS Maintenance OS Maintenance OS

Telecom Rigging Telecom Digital Telecom Network

Level III Installation Reception Telecom Cabling Installation &
OS Equipment OS Maintenance OS
Installation OS

Telecom Rigging Telecom Digital Telecom Network

Installation Reception Telecom Cabling Installation OS
Level II OS Equipment OS
Installation OS
 Acknowledgement

We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of business,

industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time and expertise to
the development of this occupational standard.

We would like also to express our appreciation to the Staff and Experts of Ministry of
Communication and Information Technology (MCIT), Ministry of Education (Moe) who
made the development of this occupational standard possible.

This occupational standard was developed on the date of May 25, 2013 at Debre Zeyit.

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