LAW - a system of rules to maintain order and protect harm to persons and property.

- it must uphold and not contradict with the Constitution

Constitution-document outlining the most basic rules of the country.
Purpose of the Law- To regulate human behavior and establish social order.
PHILIPPINE COURT SYSTEM

REVIEW COURTS Trial Courts Special Courts

1. Regional Trial Court
1. Supreme 2. Provincial Regional Trial 1. Court of Tax Appeals
Courts Court
3. Metro Manila Regional Trial
Court 2. Code of Muslim
4. Metropolitan Trial Court
5. Municipal Trial Court 3. Sandiganbayan
2. Court of (Violations of Republic
Appeals Act NO. 3019 (Anti-Graft
6. Municipal Circuit Trial Court
and Corrupt Practices
Act))

Sandiganbayan vs Ombudsman
- The office of the Ombudsman independently monitors all three branches of the
government for political corruption
- The ombudsman shall give priority to complaints filed against high ranking
government officials and/or those occupying supervisory positions, complaints
involving grave offenses as well as complaints involving large sums of money and/or
properties
- After an investigation the ombudsman files charges at the Sandiganbayan
BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

1. Executive - President
- Vice President
- Cabinet Members and
workers
2. Legislative - Senate
- House of Representatives
3. Judicial - Supreme Court
- Lower Courts
SHARI’A CIRCUIT COURTS
✓ Equivalent to the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, establish in certain municipalities in
Mindanao where the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines is being
enforced.
✓ There are 5 Shari’a District Courts and 51 Shari’a Circuit Courts in existence.
1. All cases involving offenses defined and punished under Presidential Decree No.1083
2. All civil actions and proceedings between parties who are Muslims or have been
married in accordance with Article 13 of Presidential Decree No. 1083 involving
disputes relating to:
a. Marriage
b. Divorce recognized under Presidential Decree No. 1083(Code of Muslim
Personal Laws of the Philippines)
c. Breach of contract to marry
d. Customary dowry
e. Disposition and Distribution of property upon divorce
f. Restitution of marital rights
3. All cases involving disputes relative to communal (shared) properties.

PUBLIC LAW AND PRIVATE LAW

A. PUBLIC LAW
- Governs relationships between individuals and the government.
- It deals with those areas of law where the interests of the public are the principal
factor
a. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW-laws that govern government agencies, like the Department
of Education and the DOLE.
b. CRIMINAL LAWS-law that are related to crime
c. MUNICIPAL LAWS-laws are ordinances, regulations and by-laws that governs a city
or town.
d. INTERNATIONAL LAWS-laws that oversee relations between nations.
B. PRIVATE LAW
- Includes the rights and obligations of individuals, families, businesses and assist
citizens in disputes that involve private matters.
a. CONTRACT LAW - governs rights and obligations of those entering into contracts
b. PROPERTY LAW - governs forms of property ownership, transfer and tenant issues.
c. SUCCESSION LAW - governs the transfer of an estate between parties
d. FAMILY LAW- governs family-related issues.
CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAWS
A. CRIMINAL LAWS – the body of law defining crimes and defining the penalties.
- Law that is concerned with breach of public duty and is punishable by the state
on behalf of society
- A set of rules and regulations that describe behaviors that are prohibited by the
government
- The behaviors generally involved things that would affect public safety and the
welfare of society as a whole.
Examples of criminal cases:
Murder, theft/Robbery, Bribery, Rape and Illegal drug trade
 Classification of Crimes
a. Felony- crime for which potential penalty is imprisonment for more than one
year and are usually more serious crimes.
b. Misdemeanor- crime for which the potential penalty is imprisonment for one
year or less and are usually minor crimes.
Parties to Crimes
a. Principal: person who commits a crime
b. Accomplice: someone who helps another person to commit a crime.
i. Can be charged with and convicted of the same crime as the principal.
ii. Accessory before the fact: a person who orders the crime or who helps
the principal commit the crime but who is not present for the crime.
1. can be charged and have the same punishment as the principal.
iii. Accessory after the fact: knowing that the crime was committed, a person
helps the principal or an accomplice to avoid capture or arrest.
1. Not charged with the same crime but charged with another crime
(ex. Harboring a fugitive)
2. If a person knows a crime has been committed but helps the person
who committed the crime escape or hide from the police, he or she
may be charged as an accessory.
B. CIVIL LAWS- it seeks to resolve non-criminal disputes between individuals, groups and
organizations who seek an award or remedy of compensation for their troubles.
- civil court is a place where people can resolve their problems with others
peacefully.
Examples of Civil Cases:
- Disagreements over the law of contract (breach of contract)
- Property ownership
- Divorce/child custody
- Damages for property
- Workers compensation-related injuries
*A crime is a violation of the penal code
*penal code- a portion of a state’s laws defining crimes and specifying the
punishment.
*tort- a violation of the civil law.
Parties in a Civil Law Case
a. Claimant (Plaintiff)- The person who feels he or she has not been treated fairly by
another person.
i. This party has burden of proving that he or she was treated unfairly.
b. Defendant- the person who the claimant claims has treated him or her unfairly.
TERMINOLOGY:
o Civil proceedings:a court action in a civil matter such as contract
o To sue: to bring civil proceedings against someone (the defendant)
o The claimant sues the defendant to try to get a remedy (such as payment of
money)
o If the court agrees with the claimant’s argument, the claimant will be successful
and win his case
o The court finds in the favor of ________
NOTE: The party who loses a Civil Court Case has to pay their own legal costs and
legal costs of the winner.
 CONTRAST BETWEEN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LAW

CIVIL LAW CRIMINAL LAW

Rights and duties of Wrongs against society as a
Nature
individuals to each other whole
Either federal, state, or
Person Initiating Action Plaintiff or person injured
local prosecutor
Preponderance of the Beyond a reasonable
Burden of Proof in Trial
evidence doubt
Money damages or
Result Sought Death, fine or imprisonment
equitable remedy

ARREST WITH WARRANT

- an arrest warrant is legally required when law enforcement officers want to enter
private premises to make an arrest.
- An arrest warrant is issued if substantial and trustworthy evidence supports two
conclusions:
o A violation of the law has been committed.
o The person to be arrested committed a violation.
ELEMENTS OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL CASES
- The parties
- The court
- The Right to A Jury Trial
- The Right to An Attorney
- Burden of Proof
- The Verdict
- The Right To APPEAL
- The Punishment
APPEALING A COURT DECISION: if you disagree with a court’s decision or think your penalty is
too harsh, you can appeal to a higher court.
WHERE TO APPEAL: An appeal from a judgment or final order of a Municipal Trial Court
may be taken to the Regional Trial Court.
: the title of the case shall remain as it was in the court of origin.
: the party appealing the case shall be further referred to as the
APPELLANT and the adverse party as the APPELLEE.
WHEN TO APPEAL : an appeal may be taken within fifteen (15) days after the notice
to the appellant of the judgement or final order appealed from.
: where a record on appeal is required, the appellant shall file a notice of
appeal and a record on appeal within thirty (30) days after notice of the judgement or
final order.
HOW TO APPEAL: the appeal is taken by filing a notice of appeal with the court that
rendered the judgement or final order appealed from.
: The notice of appeal shall indicate the parties to the appeal, the judgement or
final order and state the material dates showing the timeless of the appeal.
: the appellant shall pay to the clerk of the court which rendered the judgement
full amount of the appellate court and other lawful fess.
 : within 15 days from the filling of the appeal, the clerk of the lower court shall
transmit the original record or the record on appeal, together with the transcripts and
exhibits, which he/she shall certify as complete, to the proper Regional Trial Court.
APPEALING A COURT DECISION: if you disagree with a court’s decision or think your penalty is
too harsh, you can appeal to a higher court.
WHERE TO APPEAL:
: An appeal from a judgment or final order of a Municipal Trial Court may be
taken to the Regional Trial Court.
: the title of the case shall remain as it was in the court of origin.
: the party appealing the case shall be further referred to as the APPELLANT and
the adverse party as the APPELLEE.
WHEN TO APPEAL
: an appeal may be taken within fifteen (15) days after the notice to the
appellant of the judgement or final order appealed from.
: where a record on appeal is required, the appellant shall file a notice of
appeal and a record on appeal within thirty (30) days after notice of the
judgement or final order.
HOW TO APPEAL
: the appeal is taken by filing a notice of appeal with the court that rendered
the judgement or final order appealed from.
: The notice of appeal shall indicate the parties to the appeal, the judgement or
final order and state the material dates showing the timeless of the appeal.
: the appellant shall pay to the clerk of the court which rendered the judgement
full amount of the appellate court and other lawful fess.
: within 15 days from the filling of the appeal, the clerk of the lower court shall
transmit the original record or the record on appeal, together with the
transcripts and exhibits, which he/she shall certify as complete, to the proper
Regional Trial Court.
PROCEDURE IN THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
Upon the receipt of the complete record, the clerk of the Regional Trial Court shall
notify the parties of such appeal.
- Within 15 days from the notice, the appellant shall submit memorandum briefly
discussing the errors imputed by the lower court, a copy shall be furnished also to the
adverse party.
- Within 15 days from the receipt of the appellant’s memorandum, the appellee may
file his memorandum.
- Failure of the appellant to file a memorandum shall be a ground for dismissal of the
appeal.
SCOPE OF JUDGEMENT OF THE COURT APPEALS
- Reverse, affirm, or modify the judgement
- Increase or reduce the penalty imposed by the trial court
- Demand the case to the RTC for new trial or retrial
- Dismiss the case
HOW TO READ & UNDERSTAND CASE TITLE
Federal Express Corp. v. Federal Espresso, Inc., 201 F.3d 168 (2nd Cir.2000).

First Party is plaintiff, the second party Case is found in volume 201 Case was decided by the
is the defendant. It can be italicized of the 3rd Federal united Sates Second Circuit
or underlined. Supplement, page 168 Court of Appeals in 2000

ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS AND ETHICS

What is agreement? Any understanding or arrangement reached between two or more
parties.
CONTRACTS: A promise, or set of promises in which a breach of it, the law gives a remedy.
: A legally enforceable agreement that generates rights and obligations that may be
enforced in courts.
: the performance of which the law recognizes as a duty.
: in short it is a specific type of agreement that, by its terms and elements is legally
binding and enforceable in a court of law.
GENERAL PRINCIPLE
FREEDOM OF CONTRACT- everyone is free to enter into any contract; it is an instrument
of free bargaining between parties on the basic of equality.
OBJECT OF THE LAW OF CONTRACT
o To avoid litigation
o To establish set of rules for compliance
o To penalize defaulters
FORMAT OF A CONTRACT- may be in writing, by word of mouth (orally) by conduct, or
by any combination of such.
ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT
A. AGREEMENT
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
B. Consideration
a. It can take the form of money, goods, or services, but both parties must
provide something of value for a contract to be formed. If only one side
provides something, it is a gift or not a contract.
C. Capacity or Competence
a. No party can be a:
i. Minor
ii. Under the influence of drugs or alcohol
iii. Mentally deficient in a way that would prevent them from
understanding the terms of contract.
b. A non-competent party to a contract may disown the contract, which
would render it void.
D. Legality
a. The contract must be for a lawful purpose.
Note: So long as a contract meets all the elements for a contract, it is
enforceable in a court of law.
FORMAT OF A CONTRACT
• Generally, a contract does not need to be in writing, an oral agreement with
all of the elements listed will constitute a valid and enforceable contract.
• Some situations, however, require that a contract be in writing o be
enforceable by law.
Written contract is required if:
: transactions involving real state,
: the transaction that requires more than one year to complete
: marriage
Structure and Content
» Purpose of the contract
» Parties to the Contract
» Definition of terms used in the Contract
» Body of the Contract/Terms and Provisions
» Term of the Contract/effectivity dates
» Remedies/Penalties
» Addendums to the contract
» Signature Page
Rules in working with contracts
1. Read the contract
2. If you don’t understand the contract, don’t sign it.
EXAMPLES OF CONTRACT
A. Common examples of Contracts
a. Non-disclosure agreements
b. End-user license agreements
c. Employment contracts
d. Accepted purchase order
B. Regardless of how it is named, as long as an agreement contains the required
elements, a court may enforce it legally.
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) And Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
MOA: is a written document describing a cooperative relationship between two
parties wishing to work together on a project.
: It serves as a legal document and describes the terms and details of the
partnership agreement.
: it is more formal than a verbal agreement, but less formal than a
contract.
MOU: is a document that describes a formal agreement between two parties. It
is not a legal agreement, but it does indicate the establishment of a business
relationship that will continue and likely result in a legal agreement such as a
contract.
TYPES OF CONTRACTS (or Agreements)
a. Bilateral and Unilateral Contracts
i. Bilateral: both parties make a promise.
ii. Unilateral: one party makes a promise that the other party can accept
only by doing something
 : the performance remains outstanding on 1 party only (i.e, the
offeror), while the other party (i.e. the offeree/acceptor) having
already performed what is required of it.
Offer: a promise or proposal made by the offeror to the offeree (note: not
necessarily the performer) with the intention to be bound by such promise or
proposal without further negotiation.
Termination of Offer
1. By acceptance- comes into existence after the offeree unconditionally
accepts the offer.
a. When one party introduces variations/conditions to the terms of the latest
proposal, there is no acceptance.
b. Such variations/conditions amount to a counter-proposal/offer and it
means no agreement is imposed
c. The offeree must say or do something to accept.
i. In a bilateral contract, the offeree generally must accept by making
a promise,
ii. In a unilateral contract, the offeree must accept by performing.
2. By rejection- If an offeree rejects an offer, the rejection immediately terminates
the offer. A counteroffer operates as a rejection.
i. Counter offer- when an offeree responds to an offer by making an
offer on different terms. This has the affect of destroying the original
offer so that it is no longer open for the offeree to accept.
-legally, a counteroffer is considered a rejection of the original
offer and the proposal of a new offer in its place.
3. By revocation – an offeror may revoke(cancel) an offer at any time before
acceptance takes place.
4. By lapse of reasonable time- also called by Termination by Expiration
-when an offer specifies a time limit for acceptance.
5. By death of the offeror or the offeree.

Termination of Contracts
Discharge of a contract means that the parties are released from their obligations
stated in the contract. They no longer have to do what they have agreed.
Discharge of Contracts
A contract can be discharge in 4 ways,
a. Performance- once the parties have done what they promised to do, then the
contract is discharged.
-the parties no longer have any obligations with each other.
Performance and Breach-if a contractual duty has not been discharged, the
contracting party owe an absolute duty(covenant) to perform the duty.
Breach of Contract - if a contracting party fails to perform an absolute duty
under a contract
Usually the parties have to perform all of their obligations in the exact way
stated in the contract.
4 exceptions:
1. Where the contract is divisible- the court may decide that parts of
the contract are separate from the other parts
 2. Where the contract can be completed by substantial performance -
when the most important part is completed and only a small part
has not been done.
3. Where performance has been prevented by the other party
4. Where partial performance has been accepted by the other party.

b. Agreement
a. The parties can make a new agreement to end the contract.
b. The contract itself contain a clause which states that the contract will end at a
certain time.
c. The contract may allow the parties to end the contract on giving notice to the
other party
c. Frustration – if it is impossible to carry out what has been agreed then the contract is
void.
- It applies where it becomes impossible to perform the contract after it has
been made
Discharge by Frustration
Frustration applies in the following situations:
1. Destruction of the subject matter of the contract.
a. If the subject matter of the contract is destroyed after the
contract is made then the contract is discharged.
2. Government interference or illegality
a. After the contract has been made, the government may
take some action which frustrates the contract.
b. Or the law may change and the contract becomes illegal.
3. An event does not take place.
a. Where a contract is made only because of some event which
will take place, but then the event does not take place, then
the contract is frustrated.
4. The commercial reason for the contract is defeated.
a. Where a contract is made with a person because of that
person’s skill or knowledge, then if the person dies or
becomes incapacitated, then the contract is frustrated.
5. Death or incapacity of a party in a contract of personal service.
d. Breach – the party violates some contractual duty.
- it is the failure to perform what one’s duty to perform. When this happens, the
non-breaching party can choose remedies base on what was agreed upon.
Enforcement Remedies: If the breaching party refuses to pay the court ordered
judgement, the court may issue:
• Wirt of attachment
• Writ of Garnishment

WRIT OF ATTACHMENT WRIT OF GARNISHMENT

An order to: Orders that:
- Seize property in the - Wages, bank accounts, or
possession of the breaching other property of the
party that he or she owns. breaching party that is in
- To sell the property at the hand/s of third parties
auction to satisfy the be paid over to the non-
judgement. breaching party to satisfy
the judgement.
HISTORY OF ECE/IECEP
- IECEP was organized in 1950 by a group of ECE pioneers which included Dean Jose S.
Alfonso, Fred Carino, Ciriaco Coronel, Jose Grey, Alfredo Gella, Ariston Huliganga,
Gonzalo Kamantigue, Albino Lara and Venacio Pineda.
- Dean Alfonso served as the founding President of the organization.
- During the term of Engr. Rosauro Calupitan (1968-1970) when RA No. 5734 was
enacted to law.
- Engr. Calupitan is the first ever Chairman of the Board of Examiners for Electronics &
Communications Engineering.
- Engr. Felicito Rey Signo and Rigoberto Espinosa as Members.
- Guillermo Canon, Felicito Rey Signo, Bienvenido Tesoro, Gen. Ceferino Carreon., Col.
Zosimo Carlos, Geminiano Mercado, Godofredo Ordoña, Alfredo Libuit, Col. Celso
Gironella, Rogelio Ramos, Fortunato Perlas, Dionisio Ababat Sr., Pedro Ybañez, Isabelo
Ferido Jr., Commodore Rene Leandro Ebro, Henry GAlingan, Conrado Hernandez,
Ernesto Arce, Gen. Teodoro Yabes, Alex Villamar, Romulo Agatep, Joel Marciano,
Herminio Orbe, Sylvia Marcelo, Fernando Morales, Nestor Dacanay, Aurora Adecer-
Rubio and the incumbent, Edgardo Cabarios, of the NTC.
- IECEP is recognized by PRC as the only Accredited Professional Organization (APO) for
electronics engineering With Accreditation No. 03
- PFPA-Philippine Federation of Professional Associations
- PTC- Philippine Technological Council
- RA No. 9292 took effect in May 27, 2004.
o It redefined the scope of practice of the ECE and renamed the profession to
simply “Electronics Engineering”.
o It now governs ECT, ECE, and PECE.
o PR-BECE Philippine Regulatory Board of ECE.

Dr. Alnar Detalla, Chairman Engr. Enrico Delmoro, Member Engr. Hermie Orbe, Member
RA 9292- “THE ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAW OF 2004”
Electronics and Communications Engineer- a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself
out as a duly-registered/licensed Electronics and Communications Engineer under RA No.
5734.
Electronics Engineer- a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a duly
registered/licensed Electronics Engineer under this RA No. 9292 and to affix their name the
letters “ECE”.
o Approved by:
President of the senate- Franklin M. Drillon
Speaker of the House of Representatives- Jose De Venecia Jr.
Secretary of the Senate- Oscar G. Yabes
Secretary General of House of Rep- Roberto P. Nazareno
Date Approved- April 7, 2004
 Signed into law by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Pres of Philippines) last April 17, 2004
Officer-In-Charge – Lamberto R. Barbin
o RA 9292 was published in the Manila Times last May 12, 2004
o After 15days (May 27, 2004) of its full publication or any newspaper of General
Circulation, RA 9292 took Effect.
o The Electronics and Communications Engineering Law of the Philippines ( RA 5734), was
enacted way back in 1969, 35 years ago at the time when electronic technologies does
not exist.
o ASEAN Countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
o APEC Engineer Register Programs: a program recognizing “substantial equivalence” of
professional competence in engineering profession,
:A program that will ensure that professional engineers have the opportunity to
have their professional standing recognized within the APEC region.
:APEC Engineer Register Programs- Agricultural, Aeronautical, Chemical, Civil,
Electrical, Mining, Geodetic, Mechanical, Metallurgical, Sanitary and Electronics.
APEC- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Sec 5.- Nature and Scope of Practice of Electronics Engineering and Electronics
Technician Professions.
Sec1. – Short Title. This act shall be known as the “Electronics Engineering Law of 2004”
Section 3. Definition of Terms
o Electronics- the science dealing with the development and application of
devices and systems involving the flow of electrons or other carriers of electric
charge.
o Telecommunications- any transmission, emission or reception of voice, data,
electronic messages, text written or printed matter, etc., through wire, radio, or
other electronic, electromagnetic and technological means.
o Professional Electronics Engineer- a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself
out as a duly registered/licensed Professional Electronics Engineer under this Act
and to affix to his/her name the letters “PECE”.
o Electronics Engineer- a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a duly
registered/licensed Electronics Engineer under this Act and to affix to his/her
name the letters “ECE”.
o Electronics Technician- a person who is qualified to hold himself/herself out as a
duly registered/licensed Electronics Technician under this Act and to affix to
his/her name the letters “ECT”.
o Electronics and Communications Engineer- a person who is qualified to hold
himself/herself out as a duly registered/licensed Electronics and Communications
Engineer under RA No. 5734.
o Computer- any variety of electronic devices that is capable of accepting data,
programs and/or instructions, executing the programs and/or instructions to
process the data and presenting the results.
o Information and Communications Technology- the acquisition, production,
transformation, storage and transmission/reception and information by electronic
means. Also refers to the theoretical and practical applications and processes
utilizing such data and information.
o Communications- the process of sending and/or receiving information, data,
signals between 2 or more points.
o Accredited Professional Organization (APO)- refers to the IECEP, Inc as the
integrated and accredited national organization of PECE, ECE and ECT.
Section 4. categories of Practice- the act defined the three electronics engineering
and technician categories and their abbreviations.
Section 6. Composition of the Board-
» It must be composed of a chairman and 2 members, who shall be
appointed by the President of THE Philippines from three
recommendees per position chosen and ranked by the commission
and 5 nominees for each position submitted by APO.
Section 7. Powers and Functions of the Board:
The board is vested with powers and authorities to:
✓ Administer/Implement the provisions of RA. No 9292
✓ Administer oaths in connection with the administration of R.A. No. 9292
✓ Adopt the official seal of the Board
✓ Issue Certificates of Registration and the Professional Identification Cards
of PECEs, ECEs and ECTs in accordance with Section 19, Article III of RA
9292, suspend or revoke the same from the practice of his/her profession
for any justifiable cause in accordance with Section 23 and 26 of RA 9292.
✓ Maintain rosters of PECEs, ECEs and ECTs as defined in Section 25, Article
III of R.A. No. 9292
Section 8. Qualifications of Board Members
✓ Must be a citizen and resident of the Philippines for at least 5 consecutive
years prior to his/her appointment,
✓ Be a good moral character and integrity.
✓ Be a holder of a valid Certificate and a valid PIC as a PECE, duly
qualified to practice as a PECE in the Philippines
✓ Be a member of APO
✓ In practice of electronics engineering profession at least 10 continuous
years.
✓ Must not be related in any school or review centers
✓ Must not have been convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude.
Section 9. Term of Office
✓ 3 years from the date of appointment
✓ Any vacancy occurring within the term of a member shall be filled for
the unexpired portion of the term only.
✓ The member appointed to serve the unexpired term may be re-
appointed more than once for as long as his/her continuous tenure shall
not exceed by 6 years.
✓ Each member of the board shall take the proper oath prior to the
assumption of office.
Section 10/. Compensation and Allowances of the Board
✓ They must receive an allowance under the commission as provided for
in the General Appropriations Act.
Section 11. Removal of Board Members.
✓ They can be removed for neglect of duty, incompetence, manipulation
or rigging of the licensure examination results, disclosure of secret
information etc.
 Section 12. Custodian of Board Records, Secretariat and Support Services
✓ All of the records of the board shall be kept by the commission. The
commission shall designate the secretary of the board and shall provide
the secretariat and other support services.
SECTION 13. LICENSURE EXAMINATION
✓ All applicants seeking to be an ECE and ECT shall undergo the required
examinations in such places and dates in accordance with the
provisions of Republic Act No. 8981.
SECTION 14. Qualifications for Examinations- In order to be allowed to take the
examination:
✓ He/she is a citizen of the Philippines or of a foreign country qualified to
take the examination as provided for in Section 33 of this act.
✓ Has a good moral character and have not been convicted by a court
of law.
✓ For ECE, they must be a degree holder of BSECE

QUALIFICATIONS FOR ECT BOARD EXAMINATIONS

1) Graduate of an associate technician, trade or vocational courses in
electronics. Or, subject to the evaluation of the board, such equivalent
and/or related formal or non-formal course or program from any school,
college, university or training institution recognized by the government
or the state where it is established, after completing a resident course or
program of not less than two (2) years.
A. Qualifications for ECT licensure examination
a) in lieu of the resident course or program of not less than two
(2) years, a certificate from TESDA of at least NCII category may
be accepted, or
b) a certificate from PECE attesting his/her proficiency in
electronics technician practice in the field for at least two (2)
years in:
Consumer Electronics; Mechatronics, Robotics and Industrial
Automation ; Instrumentation and Control; Computer; Broadcast;
Cable Television System; Telecom System; Business Machines; Bio-
Medical/Medical Test Instrument, Machines ; Radio Navigation System;
Military Electronic System; Semiconductor And Electronics
Manufacturing; Special Electronics System
2) Has completed at least the minimum 3rd year of BSECE.

Section 15. Scope of Examination- ECT shall consists of written and/or practical
tests covering subjects to be prescribed by the board
Section 16. Ratings TO PASS THE LICENSURE EXAMINATIONS (ECE & ECT)
✓ They must obtain the passing rate of 70% per subject
✓ If not lower than 60%, removal
Section 17. Release of the Results of Examination
✓ Shall release within 15 days after the said examination.
 Section 18. Qualifications and Schedule of Registration for PECE.
✓ Valid Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card as
Electronics Engineer
✓ Valid/current membership identification card from the Accredited
Professional Organization;
✓ Certified experience record of active self-practice and/or employment
in the format to be prescribed by the Board for a period of at least
seven (7) years (inclusive and/or aggregate), at least two (2) years of
which are in responsible charge of significant engineering work, from
the date applicant took his/her oath as an ECE.
✓ Three (3) certifications signed by three (3) Professional Electronics
Engineers attesting the experience record submitted
Section. 19. Issuance of the Certificate of Registration and Professional
Identification Card.
✓ The Certificate of Registration must have the signature of the
chairperson and members of the board, stamped with the official seal
of the Commission and the Board
Section 20. Registration with and without Examination for Electronics Technicians
✓ He/ She is a graduate of at least a 2-year Associate, Technician or
Vocational course in Electronics or who have completed the third
third-year equivalent of a Baccalaureate course in Electronics and
Communications Engineering and Electronics Engineering.
✓ He/ she has rendered at least seven (7) years of active self self-
practice and/or employment
✓ At least three (3) registered PECEs vouching for the integrity, technical
capability and good moral character of the applicant
Section 21. Non-Non-issuance of a Certificate of Registration and/or Professional
Identification Card for Certain Grounds
Board and/or the Commission shall not register and shall not issue a
Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card to:
✓ any person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any
crime involving moral turpitude.
✓ any person of immoral or dishonorable conduct.
✓ Any person of unsound mind.
Section 22. Professional Oath- as a prerequisite to practicing as a Professional
Electronics Engineer, Electronics Engineer or Electronics Technician.