Assignment 1
Assignment 1
Assignment 1
Assignment
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Assignment - 4
Question 1 Discuss the steps you would take to make Patiala as a smart city. Explain every point with
proper explanation and also provide a pictorial representation of the proposed model.
A Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic Internet of Things (IoT) sensors
to collect data and then use insights gained from that data to manage assets, resources and services
efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that is processed and
analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants, utilities, water supply
networks, waste management, crime detection, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and
other community services.
The Smart city concept integrates information and communication technology (ICT), and various
physical devices connected to the IoT network to optimize the efficiency of city operations and services
and connect to citizens. Smart city technology allows city officials to interact directly with both
community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is
evolving. ICT is used to enhance quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, to reduce
costs and resource consumption and to increase contact between citizens and government. Smart city
applications are developed to manage urban flows and allow for real-time responses. A Smart city may
therefore be more prepared to respond to challenges than one with a simple "transactional" relationship
with its citizens. Yet, the term itself remains unclear to its specifics and therefore, open to many
interpretations.
The conceptualisation of Smart City, therefore, varies from city to city and country to country,
depending on the level of development, willingness to change and reform, resources and aspirations of
the city residents. A smart city would have a different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even in
India, there is no one way of defining a smart city. Some definitional boundaries are required to guide
cities in the Mission. In the imagination of any city dweller in India, the picture of a smart city contains
a wish list of infrastructure and services that describes his or her level of aspiration. To provide for the
aspirations and needs of the citizens, urban planners ideally aim at developing the entire urban
eco-system, which is represented by the four pillars of comprehensive development-institutional,
physical, social and economic infrastructure. This can be a long term goal and cities can work towards
developing such comprehensive infrastructure incrementally, adding on layers of ‘smartness’. In the
approach of the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure
and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of
‘Smart’ Solutions. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at
compact areas, create a replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The
Smart Cities Mission of the Government is a bold, new initiative. It is meant to set examples that can be
replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalysing the creation of similar Smart Cities in
various regions and parts of the country.
The core infrastructure elements in a smart city include:
i. adequate water supply,
ii. assured electricity supply,
ii. sanitation, including solid waste management,
iii. efficient urban mobility and public transport,
iv. affordable housing, especially for the poor,
v. robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
vi. good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation,
vii. sustainable environment,
viii. safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly, and
ix. health and education.
As far as Smart Solutions are concerned, an illustrative list is given below. This is not, however, an
exhaustive list, and cities are free to add more applications.
Accordingly, the purpose of the Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve the
quality of life of people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology, especially
technology that leads to Smart outcomes. Area based development will transform existing areas
(retrofit and redevelop), including slums, into better planned ones, thereby improving liveability of the
whole City. New areas (greenfield) will be developed around cities in order to accommodate the
expanding population in urban areas. Application of Smart Solutions will enable cities to use
technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services. Comprehensive development
in this way will improve quality of life, create employment and enhance incomes for all, especially the
poor and the disadvantaged, leading to inclusive cities.
Traffic is one of the most prevalent concerns in cities. Congestion on the streets and highways not only
leads to accidents but also to an excessive amount of carbon dioxide emissions. To improve traffic
flow, smart cities are implementing features like congestion sensors to divert vehicles, and smart
parking meters to show available parking spots to drivers and to reduce driving and idling time.
London has improved its carbon dioxide input through transportation. The city reduces 70,000 cars on
the road daily by blocking off central business areas to cars and by using cameras to charge drivers who
drive in these areas. Copenhagen is another smart city that encourages alternative forms of
transportation—they implement GPS-powered traffic lights that favor cyclists, decreasing overall
travel time by 17 percent. These examples can prove helpful for the people in the city of Patiala as well
as keeping the carbon dioxide emission level down.
2. Autonomous Buildings
Buildings are central to our everyday activities, but they also consume considerable energy. Cities like
Singapore are looking to change this with innovative IoT-powered cooling systems. These devices
optimize heating, cooling, and energy usage levels based on the activity of each room, saving up to 32
percent on HVAC costs. Similarly, Seattle uses smart analytics systems to reduce emissions for 45
percent of their city buildings. In city like Patiala, considering the population, the HVAC cost can be
brought down by 25% - 32% using these devices.
3. Streamlined And Responsive Utilities
Water and electricity are central to our way of living, but they are often poorly managed. Using IoT,
smart cities are monitoring energy use and adapting it to every situation.A smart grid is another
example of a resource-efficient IoT solution. The technology can analyze energy consumption citywide
and deliver only the optimal supply needed to each household. In India, water scarcity is one of the
unresolved issue, mainly due to the increasing population. Hence, using these devices can help in
saving water. Energy can also be saved using these smart devices, hence reducing the dependence on
non-renewable resources for generation.
4. Environmental Harmony
Considering our increased awareness of sustainability and global warming, smart cities use IoT to
lower their carbon footprint. From filling their buildings with greenery to improving weather response
planning, cities can monitor their pollution and carbon dioxide levels. For example, Beijing has
reduced deadly airborne pollutants by 20 percent by tracking the sources of their pollution—mainly
construction and traffic—and by redirecting those sources accordingly. Patiala, though being one of the
least polluted cities in the country, can further reduce these levels by implementing on these
technologies.
5. Dynamic And Adaptive Infrastructure
Smart cities are improving their infrastructure by ensuring the stability of their buildings and roads.
Innovations such as earth detectors can monitor areas and structures that are more prone to tremors,
allowing the city to prepare and proof their infrastructure. Cities like Philadelphia and Seoul are also
using IoT to keep more cars off the road and to lower waste collection. Seoul, for example, has reduced
waste collection by 83 percent by installing smart waste bins around the city. Installing these smart
waste bins can help in waste management in Patiala, and hence keeping the city clean and tidy.
6. Public Engagement And Security
Finally, smart cities seek to improve the lives of their citizens. Whether that’s using connected cameras
to help emergency responders or allowing users to communicate with the city through WiFi and
wearables, smart cities increase the comfort, safety, and livelihoods of the people living in them.
Chicago is a strong example. The city has reduced violent crime by 14 percent every year using
predictive crime heat maps to aid police efforts. Rio de Janeiro has improved the response time of
emergency services by 30 percent using a system of connected video feeds.
Though, the crime rate is low in Patiala, the safety measures must be taken at every level to further
reduce it. Emergency services can be improved to a noticeable extent, further keeping the health of the
citizens in mind.