GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY,

Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh

School of Basic and Applied Sciences
Question Bank based on Unit-3 (Tests of Hypothesis and Significance)
Programme: B. Tech. Session: 2017-2018
Semester-IV Course Code: MAT311
Course Name: Probability and Statistics

Note: 1. (Exc.10.1/334/W)means (Exercise no.10.1/on page nubber334/Book by Walpole)

2. (Exa.10.1/331/W) means (Example no.10.1/on page nubber331/Book by Walpole)
3. S stands for Schaum series.
4. For answers to numerical problems, refer the books.

In Q.1 to Q.5, state True/False. (1 mark each)

1. The hypothesis μ ≤ 10 is a simple hypothesis.
2. The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not
rejected is said to be critical value.
3. The choice of one-tailed test and two-tailed test depends upon Alternative hypothesis.
4. When σ2 is known, the hypothesis about population mean is tested by t-test.
5. Power of a test is related to Type-I error.

In Q.6 to Q.10, fill in the blanks. (1 mark each)

6. Any statement whose validity is tested on the basis of a sample is called………………
7. A statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false is
Called……………………….
8. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called………………….
9. A rule or formula that provides a basis for testing a null hypothesis is called……………………
10. Suppose that the null hypothesis is true and it is rejected, is known as a……………..error.

In Q.11 to Q.15, write the correct choice. (1 mark each)

11. Any hypothesis which is tested for the purpose of rejection under the assumption that it is true is called:
(i) Null hypothesis (ii) Alternative hypothesis (iii) Statistical hypothesis (iv) Composite hypothesis
12. The probability associated with committing type-I error is:
(i) β (ii) α (iii) 1 – β (iv) 1 – α
13. The significance level is the risk of:
(i) Rejecting Ho when Ho is correct (ii) Rejecting Ho when H1 is correct
(iii) Rejecting H1 when H1 is correct (iv) Accepting Ho when Ho is correct.
14. Given Ho: μ = μo, H1: μ ≠ μo, α = 0.05 and we reject Ho; the absolute value of the Z-statistic must have equalled
or been beyond what value?
(i) 1.96 (ii) 1.65 (iii) 2.58 (iv) 2.33
15. The number of independent values in a set of values is called:
(i) Test-statistic (ii) Degree of freedom (iii) Level of significance (iv) Level of confidence

Very short answer type Questions ( 1 or 2 marks each)

16. Define statistical hypothesis.
17. What is the primary problem of hypothesis testing?
18. Define Null hypothesis and Alternate hypothesis.
19. Define Type-I error and Type-II error.
20. Give the significance of level of significance  .
21. Define one-tailed test and two-tailed test.
22. Define the critical value and critical regions.
23. Explain the significance of P-value.
24. A manufacturer of a certain brand of rice cereal claims that the average saturated fat content does not exceed
1.5 grams per serving. State the null and alternative hypotheses to be used in testing this claim and determine
where the critical region is located. (Exa.10.1/331/W)
25. A real estate agent claims that 60% of all private residences being built today are 3-bedroom homes. To test
this claim, a large sample of new residences is inspected; the proportion of these homes with 3 bedrooms is
recorded and used as the test statistic. State the null and alternative hypotheses to be used in this test and
determine the location of the critical region. (Exa.10.2/331/W)

26. Suppose that an allergist wishes to test the hypothesis that at least 30% of the public is allergic to some cheese
products. Explain how the allergist could commit (a) a type I error; (b) a type II error. (Exc.10.1/334/W)
27. A large manufacturing firm is being charged with discrimination in its hiring practices. (a) What hypothesis is
being tested if a jury commits a type I error by finding the firm guilty? (b) What hypothesis is being tested if a
jury commits a type II error by finding the firm guilty? (Exc.10.1/334/W)
28. Write the formula of the test statistics for a single mean X with  2 known.
29. Write the formula of the test statistics for a single mean X with population variance  2 unknown.
30. Write the formula of the test statistics for differences of two means X 1  X 2 with  21 ,  2 2 known.
31. Write the formula of the test statistics for differences of two means X 1  X 2 with  21   2 2 but both
unknown.
32. Write the formula of the test statistics for differences of two means X 1  X 2 with  21   2 2 and both unknown.
33. Write the formula of the test statistics for a single proportion.
34. Write the formula of the test statistics for two proportions.
35. Write the formula of the test statistics for variance.
36. Write the formula of the test statistics the ratio’s of two variances.
37. Write the formula of the test statistics for the goodness of fit test.
38. Write the formula of the test statistics for the test of independence..

Short answer type Questions ( 5 or 6 marks each)

39. A random sample of 100 recorded deaths in the United States during the past year showed an average life span
of 71.8 years. Assuming a population standard deviation of 8.9 years, does this seem to indicate that the mean
life span today is greater than 70 years? Use a 0.05 level of significance. (Exa.10.3/338/W)
40. A manufacturer of sports equipment has developed a new synthetic fishing line that the company claims has a
mean breaking strength of 8 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0.5 kilogram. Test the hypothesis that μ = 8
kilograms against the alternative that μ _= 8 kilograms if a random sample of 50 lines is tested and found
to have a mean breaking strength of 7.8 kilograms. Use a 0.01 level of significance. (Exa.10.4/338/W)
41. The Edison Electric Institute has published figures on the number of kilowatt hours used annually by various
home appliances. It is claimed that a vacuum cleaner uses an average of 46 kilowatt hours per year. If a random
sample of 12 homes included in a planned study indicates that vacuum cleaners use an average of 42 kilowatt
hours per year with a standard deviation of 11.9 kilowatt hours, does this suggest at the 0.05 level of
significance that vacuum cleaners use, on average, less than 46 kilowatt hours annually? Assume the
population of kilowatt hours to be normal. (Exa.10.5/340/W)
42. An experiment was performed to compare the abrasive wear of two different laminated materials. Twelve
pieces of material 1 were tested by exposing each piece to a machine measuring wear. Ten pieces of material 2
were similarly tested. In each case, the depth of wear was observed. The samples of material 1 gave an average
(coded) wear of 85 units with a sample standard deviation of 4, while the samples of material 2 gave an
average of 81 with a sample standard deviation of 5. Can we conclude at the 0.05 level of significance that the
abrasive wear of material 1 exceeds that of material 2 by more than 2 units? Assume the populations to be
approximately normal with equal variances. (Exa.10.6/344/W)
43. In a research report, Richard H. Weindruch of the UCLA Medical School claims that mice with an average life
span of 32 months will live to be about 40 months old when 40% of the calories in their diet are replaced by
 vitamins and protein. Is there any reason to believe that μ < 40 if 64 mice that are placed on this diet have an
average life of 38 months with a standard deviation of 5.8 months? (Exc.10.19 /356/W)
44. An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a lifetime that is approximately normally distributed with
a mean of 800 hours and a standard deviation of 40 hours. Test the hypothesis that μ = 800 hours against the
alternative,   800 hours, if a random sample of 30 bulbs has an average life of 788 hours. Use a P-value in
your answer. (Exc.10.21 /356/W)

45. It is claimed that automobiles are driven on average more than 20,000 kilometers per year. To test this claim,
100 randomly selected automobile owners are asked to keep a record of the kilometers they travel. Would you
agree with this claim if the random sample showed an average of 23,500 kilometers and a standard deviation
of 3900 kilometers? Use a P-value in your conclusion. (Exc.10.25/356/W)
46. The mean height of 50 male students who showed above-average participation in college athletics was 68.2
inches with a standard deviation of 2.5 inches, while 50 male students who showed no interest in such
participation had a mean height of 67.5 inches with a standard deviation of 2.8 inches. (a) Test the hypothesis
that male students who participate in college athletics are taller than other male students. (b) What is the P
value of the test? (Exa.7.11/228/S)
47. A study at the University of Colorado at Boulder shows that running increases the percent resting metabolic
rate (RMR) in older women. The average RMR of 30 elderly women runners was 34.0% higher than the
average RMR of 30 sedentary elderly women, and the standard deviations were reported to be 10.5 and 10.2%,
respectively. Was there a significant increase in RMR of the women runners over the sedentary women?
Assume the populations to be approximately normally distributed with equal variances. Use a P-value in your
conclusions.(Exc.10.27 /357/W)
48. Past experience indicates that the time required for high school seniors to complete a standardized test is a
normal random variable with a mean of 35 minutes. If a random sample of 20 high school seniors took an
average of 33.1 minutes to complete this test with a standard deviation of 4.3 minutes, test the hypothesis, at
the 0.05 level of significance, that μ = 35 minutes against the alternative that μ < 35 minutes.
(Exc.10.29 /357/W)
49. A random sample of size n1 = 25, taken from a normal population with a standard deviation σ1 = 5.2, has a
mean ¯x1 = 81. A second random sample of size n2 = 36, taken from a different normal population with a
standard deviation σ2 = 3.4, has a mean ¯x2 = 76. Test the hypothesis that μ1 = μ2 against the alternative,
1   2 . Quote a P-value in your conclusion.(Exc.10.30 /357/W)
50. A manufacturer claims that the average tensile strength of thread A exceeds the average tensile strength of
thread B by at least 12 kilograms. To test this claim, 50 pieces of each type of thread were tested under similar
conditions. Type A thread had an average tensile strength of 86.7 kilograms with a standard deviation of 6.28
kilograms, while type B thread had an average tensile strength of 77.8 kilograms with a standard deviation of
5.61 kilograms. Test the manufacturer’s claim using a 0.05 level of significance. (Exc.10.31 /357/W)
51. A commonly prescribed drug for relieving nervous tension is believed to be only 60% effective. Experimental
results with a new drug administered to a random sample of 100 adults who were suffering from nervous
tension show that 70 received relief. Is this sufficient evidence to conclude that the new drug is superior to the
one commonly prescribed? Use a 0.05 level of significance. (Exa.10.10/362/W)
52. A vote is to be taken among the residents of a town and the surrounding county to determine whether a
proposed chemical plant should be constructed. The construction site is within the town limits, and for this
reason many voters in the county believe that the proposal will pass because of the large proportion of town
voters who favor the construction. To determine if there is a significant difference in the proportions of town
voters and county voters favoring the proposal, a poll is taken. If 120 of 200 town voters favor the proposal and
240 of 500 county residents favor it, would you agree that the proportion of town voters favoring the proposal
is higher than the proportion of county voters? Use an α = 0.05 level of significance. (Exa.10.11/364/W)
53. A marketing expert for a pasta-making company believes that 40% of pasta lovers prefer lasagna. If 9 out of 20
pasta lovers choose lasagna over other pastas, what can be concluded about the expert’s claim? Use a 0.05 level
of significance. (Exc.10.55/365/W)
54. A new radar device is being considered for a certain missile defense system. The system is checked by
experimenting with aircraft in which a kill or a no kill is simulated. If, in 300 trials, 250 kills occur, accept or
reject, at the 0.04 level of significance, the claim that the probability of a kill with the new system does not
exceed the 0.8 probability of the existing device. (Exc.10.57/365/W)
55. A fuel oil company claims that one-fifth of the homes in a certain city are heated by oil. Do we have reason to
believe that fewer than one-fifth are heated by oil if, in a random sample of 1000 homes in this city, 136 are
heated by oil? Use a P-value in your conclusion. (Exc.10.59/365/W)
56. In a winter of an epidemic flu, the parents of 2000 babies were surveyed by researchers at a wellknown
pharmaceutical company to determine if the company’s new medicine was effective after two days. Among 120
babies who had the flu and were given the medicine, 29 were cured within two days. Among 280 babies who
had the flu but were not given the medicine, 56 recovered within two days. Is there any significant indication
that supports the company’s claim of the effectiveness of the medicine? (Exc.10.61/365/W)
57. In a study to estimate the proportion of residents in a certain city and its suburbs who favor the construction of
a nuclear power plant, it is found that 63 of 100 urban residents favor the construction while only 59 of 125
suburban residents are in favor. Is there a significant difference between the proportions of urban and
suburban residents who favor construction of the nuclear plant? Make use of a P-value. (Exc.10.63/365/W)
58. An urban community would like to show that the incidence of breast cancer is higher in their area than in a
nearby rural area. (PCB levels were found to be higher in the soil of the urban community.) If it is found that 20
of 200 adult women in the urban community have breast cancer and 10 of 150 adult women in the rural
community have breast cancer, can we conclude at the 0.05 level of significance that breast cancer is more
prevalent in the urban community? (Exc.10.65/365/W)
59. A manufacturer of car batteries claims that the life of the company’s batteries is approximately normally
distributed with a standard deviation equal to 0.9 year. If a random sample of 10 of these batteries has a
standard deviation of 1.2 years, do you think that σ > 0.9 year? Use a 0.05 level of significance.
(Exa.10.12/366/W)
60. In testing for the difference in the abrasive wear of the two materials in Example 10.6, we assumed that the
two unknown population variances were equal. Were we justified in making this assumption? Use a 0.10 level
of significance. (Exa.10.13/368/W)
61. Test the hypothesis that σ2 = 0.03 against the alternative that  2  0.03 for the random sample of 10
containers if the contents of a random sample are 10.2, 9.7, 10.1, 10.3, 10.1, 9.8, 9.9, 10.4, 10.3, and 9.8 liters.
Use a 0.01 level of significance and assume that the distribution of contents is normal. (Exc.10.67/369/W)
62. Past experience indicates that the time required for high school seniors to complete a standardized test is a
normal random variable with a standard deviation of 6 minutes. Test the hypothesis that σ = 6 against the
alternative that σ < 6 if a random sample of the test times of 20 high school seniors has a standard deviation s =
4.51. Use a 0.05 level of significance. (Exc.10.68/369/W)
63. Aflotoxins produced by mold on peanut crops in Virginia must be monitored. A sample of 64 batches of
peanuts reveals levels of 24.17 ppm, on average, with a variance of 4.25 ppm. Test the hypothesis that
 2  4.2 ppm against the alternative that  2  4.2 ppm. Use a P-value in your conclusion.
(Exc.10.69/369/W)
64. A soft-drink dispensing machine is said to be out of control if the variance of the contents exceeds 1.15
deciliters. If a random sample of 25 drinks from this machine has a variance of 2.03 deciliters, does this
indicate at the 0.05 level of significance that the machine is out of control? Assume that the contents are
approximately normally distributed. (Exc.10.71/369/W)

65. A study is conducted to compare the lengths of time required by men and women to assemble a certain
product. Past experience indicates that the distribution of times for both men and women is approximately
normal but the variance of the times for women is less than that for men. A random sample of times for 11 men
and 14 women produced the following data:
Men Women
n1 = 11 n2 = 14
s1 = 6.1 s2 = 5.3
Test the hypothesis that σ12 = σ22 against the alternative that σ12 > σ22. Use a P-value in your conclusion.
(Exc.10.73/369/W)
66. A machine is supposed to mix peanuts, hazelnuts, cashews, and pecans in the ratio 5:2:2:1. A can containing
500 of these mixed nuts was found to have 269 peanuts, 112 hazelnuts, 74 cashews, and 45 pecans. At the 0.05
level of significance, test the hypothesis that the machine is mixing the nuts in the ratio 5:2:2:1.
(Exc.10.79/382/W)
67. The grades in a statistics course for a particular semester were as follows:
Grade : A B C D F
f: 14 18 32 20 16
Test the hypothesis, at the 0.05 level of significance, that the distribution of grades is uniform.
(Exc.10.80/382/W)
68. A die is tossed 180 times with the following results:
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6
 f : 28 36 36 30 27 23
Is this a balanced die? Use a 0.01 level of significance. (Exc.10.81/382/W)
69. A random sample of 90 adults is classified according to gender and the number of hours of television watched
during a week
Gender
Male Female
Over 25 hours 15 29
Under 25 hours 27 19
Use a 0.01 level of significance and test the hypothesis that the time spent watching television is independent of
whether the viewer is male or female. (Exc.10.87/382/W)

Long answer type Questions ( 10 or 12 marks each)

70. A dry cleaning establishment claims that a new spot remover will remove more than 70% of the spots to which
it is applied. To check this claim, the spot remover will be used on 12 spots chosen at random. If fewer than 11
of the spots are removed, we shall not reject the null hypothesis that p = 0.7; otherwise, we conclude that
p > 0.7. (a) Evaluate α, assuming that p = 0.7. (b) Evaluate β for the alternative p = 0.9. (Exc.10.9/335/W)
71. A soft-drink machine at a steak house is regulated so that the amount of drink dispensed is approximately
normally distributed with a mean of 200 milliliters and a standard deviation of 15 milliliters. The machine is
checked periodically by taking a sample of 9 drinks and computing the average content. If ¯x falls in the interval
191 < ¯x < 209, the machine is thought to be operating satisfactorily; otherwise, we conclude that μ _= 200
milliliters. (a) Find the probability of committing a type I error when μ = 200 milliliters. (b) Find the probability
of committing a type II error when μ = 215 milliliters. (Exc.10.15/335/W)
72. Test the hypothesis that the average content of containers of a particular lubricant is 10 liters if the contents of
a random sample of 10 containers are 10.2, 9.7, 10.1, 10.3, 10.1, 9.8, 9.9, 10.4, 10.3, and 9.8 liters. Use a 0.01
level of significance and assume that the distribution of contents is normal. (Exc.10.23 /356/W)
73. An examination was given to two classes consisting of 40 and 50 students, respectively. In the first class the
mean grade was 74 with a standard deviation of 8, while in the second class the mean grade was 78 with a
standard deviation of 7. Is there a significant difference between the performance of the two classes at a level
of significance of (a) 0.05, (b) 0.01? (c) What is the P value of the test?(Exa.7.10/227/S)
74. Two types of instruments for measuring the amount of sulfur monoxide in the atmosphere are being compared
in an air-pollution experiment. Researchers wish to determine whether the two types of instruments yield
measurements having the same variability. The readings in the following table were recorded for the two
instruments.
Sulfur Monoxide
Instrument A Instrument B
0.86 0.87
0.82 0.74
0.75 0.63
0.61 0.55
0.89 0.76
0.64 0.70
0.81 0.69
0.68 0.57
0.65 0.53
Assuming the populations of measurements to be approximately normally distributed, test the hypothesis that
 A   B against the alternative  A   B .Use a P-value. (Exc.10.76/369/W)
75. In Mendel’s experiments with peas he observed 315 round and yellow, 108 round and green, 101 wrinkled
and yellow, and 32 wrinkled and green. According to his theory of heredity the numbers should be in the
proportion 9:3:3:1. Is there any evidence to doubt his theory at the (a) 0.01, (b) 0.05 level of significance?
(Exa.7.39/243/S)
76. Two groups, A and B, each consist of 100 people who have a disease. A serum is given to Group A but not to
Group B (which is called the control group); otherwise, the two groups are treated identically. It is found that in
Groups A and B, 75 and 65 people, respectively, recover from the disease. Test the hypothesis that the serum
helps to cure the disease using a level of significance of 0.05. (Exa.7.45/246/S)
77. A random number table of 250 digits had the distribution of the digits 0, 1, 2,…,9 shown in Table below.
Does the observed distribution differ significantly from the expected distribution? (Exa.7.38/243/S)
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Observed 17 31 29 18 14 20 35 30 20 36
frequency
78. A coin is thrown until a head occurs and the number X of tosses recorded. After repeating the experiment
256 times, we obtained the following results:
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f: 136 60 34 12 9 1 3 1
Test the hypothesis, at the 0.05 level of significance, that the observed distribution of X may be fitted by the
geometric distribution g(x; 1/2), x = 1, 2, 3, . . . (Exc.10.83/382/W)
79. In an experiment to study the dependence of hypertension on smoking habits, the following data were taken on
180 individuals:
Non- smokers Moderate Smokers Heavy Smokers
Hypertension 21 36 30
No hypertension 48 26 19
Test the hypothesis that the presence or absence of hypertension is independent of smoking habits. Use a
0.05 level of significance. (Exc.10.86/382/W)

Very long answer type Questions ( 15 or 20 marks each)

80. Test the hypothesis that the average content of containers of a particular lubricant is 10 liters if the
contents of a random sample of 10 containers are 10.2, 9.7, 10.1, 10.3, 10.1, 9.8, 9.9, 10.4, 10.3, and 9.8 liters.
Use a 0.01 level of significance and assume that the distribution of contents is normal.
The content of containers of a particular lubricant is known to be normally distributed with a variance of 0.03
liter. Also test the hypothesis that σ2 = 0.03 against the alternative that  2  0.03 for the random sample of
10 containers . Use a P-value in your conclusion. (Exc.10.23/356,Exc.10.67/369/W)
81. A survey of 320 families with 5 children each revealed the distribution of boys and girls shown in Table below.
Is the result consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally probable?
(Exa.7.42/245/S)
No. of boys 5B 4B 3B 2B 3G 1B 0B 5G
and girls 0G 1G 2G 4G
No. of 18 56 110 88 40 8
families
82. Distinguish the following and also give illustrative examples:
(i)Null hypothesis and Alternate hypothesis, (ii) Type-I error and Type-II error
(iii) One-tailed test and Two-tailed test, (iv) The probability of committing Type-I error  and
The probability of committing Type-II error 