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    Myanmar 151110034130 Lva1 App6891

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    Dion Masayon Banquiao
    The document provides a history of Myanmar and discusses its demographics, social issues like refugees and human flight, and current politics. It outlines the country's transition from military rule to a democratic system, challenges it still faces, and steps toward further stabilization and economic development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Myanmar 151110034130 Lva1 App6891

    Uploaded by

    Dion Masayon Banquiao
    41 views28 pages
    The document provides a history of Myanmar and discusses its demographics, social issues like refugees and human flight, and current politics. It outlines the country's transition from military rule to a democratic system, challenges it still faces, and steps toward further stabilization and economic development.

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    The document provides a history of Myanmar and discusses its demographics, social issues like refugees and human flight, and current politics. It outlines the country's transition from military rule to a democratic system, challenges it still faces, and steps toward further stabilization and economic development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views28 pages

    Myanmar 151110034130 Lva1 App6891

    Uploaded by

    Dion Masayon Banquiao
    The document provides a history of Myanmar and discusses its demographics, social issues like refugees and human flight, and current politics. It outlines the country's transition from military rule to a democratic system, challenges it still faces, and steps toward further stabilization and economic development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    _World Politics- Topic: Myanmar

    _Prof: Gary Giss


    _Group Rain
    .Nguyen Thi Que Chi 1258005
    .Nguyen Quoc Phi Khanh 1258024
    .Le Tan Anh 1158005
    .Le Thi Thu Ha 1258
    .Tran Trung Hieu 1258
    I/ History of Myanmar
    • The earliest inhabitants: Tibeto-Burman people,
    established the Pyu city-states as far south as Pyay
    and adopted Theravada Buddhism.

    • Early 9th century: Bamar people, entered the


    upper Irrawaddy valley  Pagan Kingdom (1044–
    1287).

    • After the First Mongol invasion (1287): Kingdom of


    Ava, the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the Kingdom of
    Mrauk U and the Shan States were principal
    powers
    Major Pyu
    City-States Map
    • Second half of the 16th century, the Taungoo Dynasty
    (1510–1752) reunified the country

    • On 23 March 1752: 266-year-old Taungoo dynasty was


    ended by a rebellion

    • Second half of the 18th century, the Konbaung Dynasty


    (1752–1885) restored the kingdom.

    • The Anglo-Burmese wars (1824–85) eventually led to


    British colonial rule
    Taungoo Dynasty
    (1510–1752)
    • British rule brought several enduring social,
    economic, cultural and administrative changes.

    • The country has been in one of the longest running


    civil wars that remains unresolved (from 1948)

    • from 1962 to 2010: one of the least developed


    nations in the world
    II/ Social
    DEMOGRAPHIC
     Population
    • 1983 : 35,4 million
    • 2009 : 59.2 million
    • 2012 : 60,5 million
    • 2014 : 51.5 millions
    • Females : 51.8% - Males : 48.2%
    • 10,889,348 households & 4.4 people/ household

     Literate :
    • Literate rate : 92.7%
    • Rank : #127
    • 90% aged 15 could write and read
    Birth and death
    • Birth rate : 18.89 per 1000
    • Death rate : 8.05 per 1000
    • Low fertility rate
    – 1983 : 4.7
    – 2001 : 2.4
    – 2011 : 2.23
    • Delays in marriage , the prevalence of illegal
    abortions & the high proportion of single
    MOVEMENT OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY
    DISPLACE PERSON
    • 100,000 Karen in refugee camps
    • 2006 : 160,000 refugees fled to Thai (62% : Karen)
    • Election in 2010 -> displaced 10,000 refugees
    • The Refugees score :decrease in 2012 ( peace process
    engaged with ethnic minority groups)
    • Rohingya population remains stateless (Citizenship Act of
    1982) -> 1,300 : died, ill-treated in overcrowded camps &
    in squalid ghettos, watched over by armed guards, ethnic
    violence
    • 30,000 refugees (Bangladesh)
    LEGACY OF VENGEANCE SEEKING
    GROUP GRIEVANCE
    • Myanmar gained independence (1948) :
    insurgency broke out
    – Insurgencies under parliamentary rule (1948-
    1962)
    – Insurgencies under military rule during the Cold
    War (1962-1988)
    – Insurgencies under military in the post Cold War
    era (1988–present)
    • 2006 : Burmese army offensive has been enacted
    against the KNU in the Karen State
    -> 1/2 million people displace

    • Consequences
    HUMAN FLIGHT
    • Reasons
    – Colleges could not provide suitable tertiary education
    – Failed economy, the scarcity of job opportunities and
    the pressures of a growing population
    – Meager salaries
    – “How can a graduate in marine architecture, for
    instance, find a job in a country where the construction
    of a ship occurs once in a blue moon?”
    – Government : stifle the creation of new job
    opportunities
    – Infrastructure and a different working culture
    “In reality, I found myself as a guest
    when I went back there. And when I see
    all those attitudes almost daily online –
    all those judgments and opinions on
    political, religious and social issues, I do
    not want to stay in a place where many
    people have totally different views with
    me on those issues” _ Phay Thaw
    III/Politics
    _ Aung San Suu Kyi
    _ League of Democracy(NLD)
    _ Thein Sein President
    _ Free Election in 2013
    _ National Demo Force Party
    Contitutional change
    • Much-hoped-for political progress has faltered.
    • 2 Aung San Suu Kyi's children
    The comparison
    The Challenging
    V/Way to Stabilize
    • Fighting for democratic freedoms
    • End of Totalitarianism.
    • Implementing democracy.
    • 11.07.2010 General Election voted
    New Myanmar's Parliament.
    • 7-step to democracy.
    • "Building administrative government
    effective working and clean”.
    • Building a developing country, modern
    and democratic.
    • planned 8-year tax exemption for
    foreign businesses
    • enacted six laws about sales
    • export tax exemption

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