TOS 5 Unit 1 Design of Staircase Slabs

DETAILING
OF
W REINFORCEMENT
TOS 5 UNIT 1: STAIRCASE IN R.C.C
SUPPORT SYSTEMS STAIRCASES
Objectives:
1: To Understand the Different Support
Systems for Staircase Construction
2: To Understand Detailing of Reinforcement

in these cases
3. To Design Dog-legged Logged Staircases

For Beams at Various Positions.
2
1A: Staircase Support Systems

Staircases are defined as a series of steps or flights of steps for passing from one level to another
often used in pl. but singular or plural in construction. They are vertical means of commuting.
They consist of
1. Treads – Horizontal Portion of the Staircases.
2. Risers - Vertical Portion of the Staircases
3. Landings – Extended Treads after a series of steps.
The means of supporting Staircases are in a variety of ways however we shall limit ourselves to
R.C.C Staircase Support Systems.
1. Staircase as a series of slabs spanned across end supporting walls: Many a times the walls are
extended above the tread slab to form the railings. This system eventually means that the
space below the staircase is almost inaccessible and unusable.
Slab Detail for First and Second Case:
TOS 5 Unit 1 Design of Staircase Slabs Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho @ Er. Hemant Joshi
3
2. A Straight Flight or Dogged Legged Staircase supported on each side by Stringer Beams.
3. Folded Plate Staircase.

Definition: Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected together along their edges
in such a way that the structural system is capable of carrying loads without the need for
additional supporting beams along mutual edges.
A R.C.C Folded Plate Staircase can be constructed with Reinforcement Detailed in two different
ways
1. Alternative 1
2. Alternative 2
4
4. Doglegged Staircase Slabs with Supporting Beams at the End of Landings.
(I have not shown cut lines or continuation lines as this is just for understanding of beam
positions)
5
5. Staircase Slabs with Supporting Beams at Alternate Positions As Shown.
The above two cases are also solved in the form of problems in the B part of this Chapter
I.S.456 Gives Clauses, Clause 33.1 and 33.2, on Page 63 and 64 Regarding Effective Span of
Stairs (Doglegged) and Loading for Open Well Staircases as produced on the following
page,
6
7
6. Straight Flight or Dog Legged with a Central Stringer Beam with steps
cantilevering on each Side of Stringer Beam.
7. Staircase may also be designed as Slabs spanning across Beams at the inner
edge of Landings and Cantilever Landings, or as a Central Supporting Wall
and Steps and Landings as Cantilevering from this wall.
8
8. Open Well Staircases
In case of
staircases with an open well, where span partly crosses at right angles, the load on the
areas common to any two spans may be taken as ½ of the load in each direction as shown
in the following figure.
9
1B: Design of Doglegged Staircase with Beams at Various

Positions
A Doglegged Staircase may be supported on Beams at Various Positions. The Various Positions
will be decided as per Architectural Considerations, also to limit the depth of the Waist Slab in
case of very long Flights.
1.1 Both the Beams at the Outer Edges of Landings
1.2 Both the Beams at the Inner Edges of Landings
10
1.3 One Beam at Inner Edge of Landing, One Beam at Outer Edge of
Landing.
2. Design of Staircase Slab

• Every slab is to be designed as a beam of width 1000mm. Hence for slabs b = 1000
• Draw the staircase in plan and find Clear Span lo as distance between Beams supporting the
Staircase Slab
1. Calculate Minimum depth by deflection do = lo/25 i.e. Span to Depth Ratio for One Way Slab
do = lo/25 but let us take minimum slab depth as 100 mm from practical point of view
Calculate de assumed = do-cover-½ (bar diameter) = do – 15mm – ½(12) bars
Herein I have considered 12mm bars for main steel.
2. Calculate Effective span le as least of the following for simple support.
a. Centre to center between supports
b. Clear Span + de
3. Calculate Load on the slab considering b = 1000.
1. Waist slab load do x 1m x 25 kN/M³ x Hypotenuse/Tread - ❶ explained at the end
2. Step load ½ riser x 1m x 25 kN/M³ - ❷ explained at the end
3. Floor Finish load 1.25kN/M² or as specified
4. Live Load Live Load x 1M
For Dead Load Use Densities e.g. concrete -25kN/M³.
We have already listed the Live Loads earlier. However I am herewith I am giving a small list
Type Normal Floor Staircase and Balconies
• Residential 2 kN/M² 3 kN/M²
• Office Building 3 kN/M² 4 kN/M²
• School Building 4 kN/M² 5 kN/M²
• Institutional 5 kN/M² 6 kN/M²
(There could be slight variations in these assumptions)
11
Calculate total load w and Factored or Design Load = 1.5w = Fd ❸ explained at the end
4. Calculate B.M max= Fd(le)²/8
5. Check For Depth using M.R = 0.134 fck b d² fck = 20 N/mm² b = 1000
Prove d < de assumed. Hence Safe for Depth Assumed.
6. Calculate Ast = M.R/0.81de x 0.87 fy fy = 500N/mm²
Calculate spacing of main steel by Spacing = Area of 1 bar x 1000/Ast
We can use 12mm bars (area 113mm²) or even 16mm bars (area 201mm²) for Main Steel
Maximum Spacing is least of the following
1. 3de
2. 300mm
7. Calculate Adst = 0.12% of Cross Sectional Area Adst = 0.12x 1000 x do/100
Calculate Spacing of dst Spacing = Area of 1 bar x 1000/Adst
We will use 8mm bars for distribution steel.
Maximum Spacing of Distribution Steel is greatest of the following
1. 5de
2. 500mm
8. Make the Schedule for your Answers and draw a sketch of the reinforcement.
Below are images of two staircases
Explanations:
12
❶ Waist slab load is perpendicular to waist slab (W) and has to be transferred vertically down
(Wv)
❷Riser Load can be calculated in 2 ways.

1. Step load = volume of step x no of step per meter x density
= ½ x R X T X 1m/T X 25 = ½ X R X 25
2. Step Load= thickness of slab(considering riser to be thickness) x density x½ (as only half the
slab makes the riser)
= ½ x R X 25
❸Loading on the staircase can be divided into two parts, loading on landings, and loading on
waist slab. Loading on landings is lesser than loading on waist slab by step load. However for
convenience sake we consider the same load throughout for B.M calculations.
The Loads Shown are only Indicative and

indicate the higher load on the Waist Slabs compared to the load on Landings.
3. Problems
13
3.1 Problem 1: Design a Doglegged staircase for the following data: Building is an office
building, Width of Flight = Width of Landing = 1500, 9 Treads in each Flight of 280 each
Floor to Floor Height = 3400, 230 wide Beams at the Outer Edges of the Landings.
Draw Sketch of the Staircase and Find Clear Span
Staircase Slab The Number of Landings are the ones between the Beams Supporting the Staircase
DATA REQUIRED
Landing = 1500 Floor Height = 3400 No of Treads = 9 No of Risers = 20
Tread = 280 Riser = 170.0 Width of Flight = 1500 No of Landings = 2
Beam to Beam Distance = 5.520 M = 280 x 9 + 2 x ( 1500.00 )
Support / Beam widths = 230 mm Hypotenuse 327.57
2
Concrete grade M 20 Thus, fck = 20 N/mm Live Load = 4 kN/M
Steel grade Fe 500 Thus, fy = 500 N/mm 2
Step 1: Calculate minimum depth for deflection as per Span to depth ratio (Overall depth = do)
For deflection control, Assume overall depth of slab, as per clear shorter span
do = Span = 5520 = 220 mm Round off to the nearest highest multiple of 5
25 25
Step 1a: Calculate Effective depth (de) (Assuming 12 Tor main steel & 15 mm clear cover)
de = do - 15 - ½ bar dia.
= 220 - 15 - 12 = 199 mm
2
Step 2: Calculate Effective span (le) as least of the following for simple support
a. Centre to centre distance between supports
= 115 + 5520 + 115 = 5750 mm
b. Clear span + de
= 5520 + 199 = 5719 mm
Thus, Effective span = 5719 mm = 5.72 m (le)
14
Step 3: Calculate load - Total load & Design load

Slabs are designed as beams of width 1m. Hence loads for 1m width of slab to be taken.
a. Self weight of slab (Waist Slab) = 1 x 0.220 x 25 x 327.6 = 6.43 kN/M
(Cross-sectional area x density) 280
All dimensions to be taken in m. width x depth x density of concrete x Hyp/Tread
b. Riser Load = 0.5 x 0.17 x 25 = 2.13 kN/M
1/2 x Riser x Density of Concrete
c. Floor finish load = 1 x (0.025 + 0.025) x 25 = 1.25 kN/M

(Assuming 25mm floor tiles on 25mm thk. c.m. screed) Refer TOS III Chapter III a - Loading on buildings, Page 2
2
d. Live load = 1 x 4 kN/m = 4.00 kN/M
(As per IS:875 recommendations) Refer TOS III Chapter III a - Loading on buildings, Page 6
13.81 kN/M
Step 3a: Calculate Factored load or Design load ( Fd ) (Total load - w)
Fd = 1.5 w = 1.5 x 13.81 = 20.71 kN/M (Design load - Fd)
Step 4: Calculate BMmax (Maximum Bending moment)

BMmax = Fd le2 = 20.71 x 5.719 2
= 84.69 kNM ( BM = MR )
8 8
Step 5: Check for depth
MR = 0.134 fck b de2 ( fck = 20 N/mm2 , b = 1000 mm )
i.e. 84.69 x 106 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Thus, de =
√
84.69 x 106
0.134 x 20 x 1000
= 177.76 mm < 199 mm
(Calculated) (Assumed) Hence, the section is safe in depth to resist bending.
Step 6: Calculate Ast ( Cross sectional area of Main steel required (16 Tor)
Ast = MR ( fy = 500 N/mm2 )
0.87 fy x 0.81 de
6
= 84.69 x 10 = 1207.78 mm 2
0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 199
Pitch (Spacing) for 12 Tor bars
= Area of 1 bar x 1000 (Refer TOS IV Chapter II - Standard RCC section - Page 6 Minimum Spacing
Ast for cross sectional areas of steel bars) Calculated Below
= 113 x 1000 = 93.59 mm Say 90 c/c < 300
1207.78 (Rounding down to the multiple of 5 mm)

ALTERNATIVE
= Area of 1 bar x 1000

Ast
= 201 x 1000 = 166.42 mm Say 165 c/c < 300
1207.78 Note that spacing reduces with less dia. Bars
15
Check for maximum spacing of main steel as least of the following

a. 3 de = 3 x 199 = 597 mm
b. 300 mm
Step 7: Calculate Adst ( Cross sectional area of Distribution steel required (8 Tor)
Adst = 0.12 % of Cross sectional area of concrete (Width = 1m, Depth = do)
= 0.12 x 1 M x do
100
= 0.12 x 1000 x 220 = 264.00 mm 2
100
= Area of 1 bar x 1000 Minimum Spacing
Adst Calculated Below
= 50.3 x 1000 = 190.53 mm Say 190 c/c < 500
Check for maximum spacing of distribution steel - as least of the following
a. 5 de = 5 x 199 = 995 mm
b. 500 mm
Step 8: Schedule & Sketch of Cross section / Reinforcement
Steel along shorter span Steel along longer span Remark

Slab Depth
(Distribution steel) (Main steel)
S2 220 12 Tor @ 90 c/c or 8 Tor @ 190 c/c Waist Slab
16 Tor @ 165 c/c
16
3.2 Problem 2: One Beam at Inner Edge, One Beam at Outer Edge.
Design a Doglegged staircase for the following data: Building is a School building, Width of
Flight = Width of Landing = 1400, 11 Treads in each Flight of 300 each, Floor to Floor Height =
3600, 230 wide Beams, One at the inner edge and One at the outer edge of landing
Design OF Staircase SLAB

DATA REQUIRED
2
25 25
= 190 - 15 - 12 = 169 mm
2
= 115 + 4700 + 115 = 4930 mm
b. Clear span + de
= 4700 + 169 = 4869 mm
17
= 115 + 4700 + 115 = 4930 mm
b. Clear span + de
= 4700 + 169 = 4869 mm

2
13.44 kN/M

BMmax = Fd l e2 = 20.15 x 4.869 2 = 59.72 kNM ( BM = MR )
8 8
i.e. 59.72 x 10 6 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Thus, de =
√
59.72 x 10 6
0.134 x 20 x 1000
= 149.28 mm < 169 mm
Ast = MR ( fy = 500 N/mm2 )
0.87 fy x 0.81 de
= 59.72 x 10 6 = 1002.95 mm 2
0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 169

= 113 x 1000 = 112.71 mm Say 110 c/c < 300
ALTERNATIVE

Ast
= 201 x 1000 = 200.41 mm Say 200 c/c < 300
18

a. 3 de = 3 x 169 = 507 mm
b. 300 mm
= 0.12 x 1 M x do
100
= 0.12 x 1000 x 190 = 228.00 mm 2
100
= 50.3 x 1000 = 220.61 mm Say 220 c/c < 500
a. 5 de = 5 x 169 = 845 mm
b. 500 mm

Slab Depth
16 Tor @ 200 c/c
19
3.3 Problem 3: Both Beams at Inner Edges of the Landing.

Design a Doglegged staircase for the following data: Building is a Hospital building, Width of
Flight = Width of Landing = 1800, 12 Treads in each Flight of 300 each, Floor to Floor Height =
4000, 230 wide Beams on the inner edges of the Landing.
DATA REQUIRED
2
25 25
= 145 - 15 - 12 = 124 mm
2
= 115 + 3600 + 115 = 3830 mm
b. Clear span + de
= 3600 + 124 = 3724 mm
20


2
13.25 kN/M

BMmax = Fd le2 = 19.87 x 3.724 2
= 34.45 kNM ( BM = MR )
8 8
i.e. 34.45 x 106 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Thus, de =
√
34.45 x 106
0.134 x 20 x 1000
= 113.37 mm < 124 mm
Ast = MR ( fy = 500 N/mm2 )
0.87 fy x 0.81 de
6
= 34.45 x 10 = 788.39 mm 2
0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 124
= 113 x 1000 = 143.38 mm Say 140 c/c < 300

ALTERNATIVE

Ast
= 201 x 1000 = 254.95 mm Say 250 c/c < 300
21

a. 3 de = 3 x 124 = 372 mm
b. 300 mm
= 0.12 x 1 M x do
100
= 0.12 x 1000 x 145 = 174.00 mm2
100
= 50.3 x 1000 = 289.08 mm Say 285 c/c < 500
a. 5 de = 5 x 124 = 620 mm
b. 500 mm

Slab Depth
16 Tor @ 250 c/c

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DETAILING

2: To Understand Detailing of Reinforcement

3. To Design Dog-legged Logged Staircases

1A: Staircase Support Systems

Slab Detail for First and Second Case:

3. Folded Plate Staircase.

4. Doglegged Staircase Slabs with Supporting Beams at the End of Landings.

5. Staircase Slabs with Supporting Beams at Alternate Positions As Shown.

8. Open Well Staircases

1B: Design of Doglegged Staircase with Beams at Various

1.2 Both the Beams at the Inner Edges of Landings

2. Design of Staircase Slab

Below are images of two staircases

❷Riser Load can be calculated in 2 ways.

The Loads Shown are only Indicative and

Step 3: Calculate load - Total load & Design load

c. Floor finish load = 1 x (0.025 + 0.025) x 25 = 1.25 kN/M

Fd = 1.5 w = 1.5 x 13.81 = 20.71 kN/M (Design load - Fd)

Step 4: Calculate BMmax (Maximum Bending moment)

i.e. 84.69 x 106 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Pitch (Spacing) for 16 Tor bars

= Area of 1 bar x 1000

Check for maximum spacing of main steel as least of the following

Steel along shorter span Steel along longer span Remark

Design OF Staircase SLAB

c. Floor finish load = 1 x (0.025 + 0.025) x 25 = 1.25 kN/M

Fd = 1.5 w = 1.5 x 13.44 = 20.15 kN/M (Design load - Fd)

Step 4: Calculate BMmax (Maximum Bending moment)

i.e. 59.72 x 10 6 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Ast for cross sectional areas of steel bars) Calculated Below

= Area of 1 bar x 1000

Check for maximum spacing of main steel as least of the following

Steel along shorter span Steel along longer span Remark

3.3 Problem 3: Both Beams at Inner Edges of the Landing.

Step 3: Calculate load - Total load & Design load

c. Floor finish load = 1 x (0.025 + 0.025) x 25 = 1.25 kN/M

Fd = 1.5 w = 1.5 x 13.25 = 19.87 kN/M (Design load - Fd)

Step 4: Calculate BMmax (Maximum Bending moment)

i.e. 34.45 x 106 = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x de2

Pitch (Spacing) for 16 Tor bars

= Area of 1 bar x 1000

Check for maximum spacing of main steel as least of the following

Steel along shorter span Steel along longer span Remark

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