B1 12 Geography Key Notes CH 01 Human Geography Nature and Scope

Key Notes
Chapter -1
Human Geography Nature and Scope
List of the Lesson:

• Geography is a field of study is integrative, empirical and practical
• It studies each and every event on the earth over the space and time
• Human geography studies the relationship between man and nature
• Geo. can be studied through law making or descriptive
There are two approaches of geography:
1. Systematic approach
2. Regional approach
Physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using symbols from the human
anatomy.
Human Geography: Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between
human societies and earth’s surface.
Nature of Human Geography:

(a) Human geography studies the inter relationship between the physical environment and
socio-cultural environment created by man.
(b) Elements of physical are land, water, soil, climate, vegetation, fauna
(c) Elements of cultural are transport and communication, settlements, crops
Naturalization of Humans:
(a) Man interact with nature with the help of technology
(b) It is not important that what he creates but with what tools he used to create
(c) Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society d. Understanding the
nature helps to create technology
1. Understanding of friction and heat helped to discover fire
2. Understanding DNA helped to eradicate diseases
3. Laws of thermodynamics helped to develop fast planes
4. Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology and
technology loosens the shackles of environment on human being.
5. The interaction between primitive society and nature is called Environmental
Determinism.
Humanizations of Nature
1. With the development of technology people understood the nature well
2. They move from state of necessity to state of possibilities
3. Human activities created cultural landscape
4. So it is called as possibilism
Non-determinism/ Stop and go Determinism

1. Developed by Griffith Taylor
2. It is a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism
Key Notes
3. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a
condition of absolute freedom.
4. Sustainable development is the main aim
5. The Neo determinism maintains balance between development and nature
Human Geography Through the Corridors of Time

Schools of human geography
Welfare School
Concerned with social well-being of the people:
(a) housing
(b) Health
(c) Education
Radical School: Concerned with causes of poverty, deprivation and social Inequality
Behavioural School: Given importance to lived experience, perception of space by Social
categories
Stages Through Corridories of Time.
PERIOD APPROACHES BROAD FEATURES

Colonial Exploration & description Imperialism and trade lead to discover
many lands
Colonial Regional analysis Understanding of parts in totality would
lead to understand the whole
1930- interwar aerial differentiation Find the reasons for the uniqueness of a
region
1950-1960 Spatial organization Apply technology to study geography
1970 Emergence of humanistic, Emergence of sociopolitical reality with
radical and behavioral the help of schools
school
1990 Post modernism Generalization and apply of universal laws
to understand geography
Fields of human geo Sub field Sister disciplines

Social geo --- Social science-sociology
Behavioral geo Psychology
Geo of social well being Welfare economics
Geo of leisure Sociology
Cultural geo Anthropology
Gender geo Sociology, anthropology, women
studies
Historical geo History
Medical geo Epidemiology
Urban geo --- Urban studies and planning
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Key Notes
Political geo --- Political science
Electoral geo Psephology
Military geo Military science
Pop. geo --- Demography
Settlement geo --- Urban and rural planning
Eco. geo --- Economics
Geo. of resources Resource economics
Geo. of Agriculture Agricultural science
Geo. of industries Industrial economics
Geo. of marketing Business studies, economics, commerce
Geo. of tourism Tourism and travel management
Geo. of international International trade
trade
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Key Notes

List of the Lesson:

Nature of Human Geography:

Non-determinism/ Stop and go Determinism

Human Geography Through the Corridors of Time

Stages Through Corridories of Time.

PERIOD APPROACHES BROAD FEATURES

Fields of human geo Sub field Sister disciplines

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