ESCALATORS & TRAVELATOR(moving walks)

DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKS

Escalators are desirable where the movement of people, in large

numbers at a controlled rate in the minimum of space, is
involved, for example, railway stations, shopping
centers/malls, airports, etc. These encourage people to circulate
freely and conveniently. Inclined moving walks are preferable
where trolley movement is expected between levels, like
department stores, airport, etc.
Typically, horizontal moving walks are used where medium to
long distance travel is involved such as airports/metro
stations/exhibition halls.

For normal peak periods, the recommended handling capacities

for design purposes should be taken as indicated in Table 1. The
handling capacity of escalator also depends on the angle of
inclination, speed, step widths and the areas at the boarding and
alighting levels.

4.3 The number of persons that may be theoretically carried by the

escalators and moving walks in 1 h is given in Table 2 and Table
3, respectively.

4.4 Though 4.3 indicates the theoretical values for escalators (see Table 2) and moving walks (see Table 3),
Tables 4 and 5 indicate the practical values to be considered while calculating the required number of escalators
and moving walks (based on traffic flow pattern).
Escalators are typically used for short range of movement between
adjacent floors. They are usually situated in an obvious circulation
path making it easy for pedestrians to board them. Escalators and
moving walks should only be accessed from adjacent
corridors/walkways, landing and lobby areas, where people do not
obstruct other pedestrian circulation routes. Space should be available
to accommodate queuing at the boarding point.
SPACE REQUIREMENT
IS:4!591-1968
Rated Load
The rated load in ~kilograms on an escalator shall be computed by the following formula: Rated load = 2.7 WA

where
W = the width in cm between the balustrades , and
A = the horizontal distance between the upper and lower
combplate teeth in meters.

Machine room
A machine room of suitable size and construction shall be provided
for the housing of the escalator machine or machines, and associated
apparatus and equipment.
Construction - The machine room shall be of sound construction,
weather-proof and dry and shall be properly ventilated to prevent
any undue rise in temperature inside the room. Where necessary
means shall also : be provided to maintain a reasonable temperature
in the machine room. The floors of the machine rooms shall be capable of carrying the load of the escalator
machinery and other equipment housed therein.
Access
The machine room shall be arranged to allow reasonable access to and the removal of the equipment’s therein
or of any part thereof. The height of the machine room shall be sufficient to allow any part of the equipment’s
be accessible and removable for repairs and replacement.
Safe and convenient access to machine room entrances shall be provided with access doors opening outwards.
The machine room shall not be used as store room or for any other purpose other than housing the escalator
machine and associated apparatus and
equipment. No inflammable or explosive material shall be kept in machine room.

Dimensions of Steps –
The depth of any step tread in the direction of travel shall be not less than 40 cm and the rise between treads
shall be not
more than 22 cm. The width of a step tread shall be not less than 40 cm nor more than 102 cm.

Landings
Landings shall be of material and design affording secure foothold.
If the landing is of concrete, it shall have edge insertions of metal, wood or other antislip material.

Moving walks
Inclinations of 10°, 11° and 12° are the common international standard for inclined moving walks. Users find that
a 10° inclination provides the most comfortable ride. A 12° inclination is used whenever the space available is
limited. Horizontal moving walks can generally be provided for inclinations between 0° and 6°.

Escalators
Inclinations of 30° and 35° are the common international standard for escalators.
30° inclination This inclination provides the highest traveling comfort and maximum safety for the user.
35° inclination
The 35° escalator is the most efficient solution as it requires less space and can be implemented more cost-
effectively.
LIFTS / ELEVATORS
A platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people
or things to different levels; a lift.
The lift is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people
or goods between floors (levels,
decks) of a building, vessel or other structure generally powered by electric
motors that either drive cables, hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack.

GOODS/FREIGHT LIFTS

Used to transport heavy goods but depends on types of good transported.

• Usually used in shopping complex, airports, hotels, warehouse

VEHICLE LIFTS

•Used specifically to lift a car in multi storey car park or showroom.

•had to be in the form of traction and hydraulics.
•Form of traction is more commonly used for high velocity.

SCISSOR LIFTS

•these lifts are self-contained, these lifts can be easily moved to where
they are needed.
•they’re excellent for indoor and outdoor construction, maintenance and
installation applications.
Features:
High load bearing capacity
Long life SCISSOR LIFTS
Smooth operations
Lift Speed
For passenger lifts in a building, the general recommendations as given in Table 11 may be followed.

The lift lobby should be designed appropriately since this has bearing on the traffic handling especially when
more number of lifts are involved. In a dual line arrangement (lifts opposite to each other) the lobby should be
between 1.5 times and 2.5 times the depth of one car. Typically, the greater the number of lifts, the bigger the
multiplier to be used. As an example, a quadruplex may use 1.5 to 2, where as an octoplex will need 2 to 2.5. For
in-line (single line) arrangements, the lobby can be typically half of the above recommendations.
3) Structural limits for lift wells at any level .If the net plumb well (dimensions A
and B) and the nominal structural entrance openings (dimensions C and D in Fig. 3)
are defined by plumb lines, the actual wall should not encroach on these dimensions.
Dimension K (inside face of wall of Fig. 3) should fall within the following limits:
i) For wells up to 30 m : 0 - 25 mm
ii) For wells up to 60 m : 0 - 35 mm
iii) For wells up to 100 m : 0 - 50 mm
iv) For wells taller than 100 m : 0 - 50 mm for any 100 m portion of the well.
When architraves are to be supplied by the lift manufacturer dimension L (side of
structural opening of Fig. 3) should fall within the limits of 0 and 25 mm and
dimension M (outer face of the front wall of Fig. 3) should not vary to a greater
extent than can be accommodated by the subsequent front wall finish, the architrave
being set
accurately plumb. When the entrance linings are supplied by the builder,
corresponding
provision should be made for the finished openings to be accurately plumb one above
the other for the full travel of the lift end to design size.
‘
REFUSE CHUTES
Refuse chutes
Refuse chutes, if any provided in a building, shall have opening at least 1 m above roof level for venting
purpose and they shall have an enclosure wall of non-combustible material with fire resistance of not less than
120 min.
They shall not be located within the staircase enclosure or service shafts, or air conditioning shafts. Refuse
chutes inspection panel and doors shall be tight fitting with 60 min fire resistance.
Sprinkler protection system shall be provided for the refuse chutes. Refuse chutes shall be at least 6 m away
from exits.
Refuse chutes should not be planned next to living rooms or bedrooms.

REFUSE CHUTE SYSTEM

Refuse chute system is a convenient and safe mode of transportation and collection of domestic solid wastes
from buildings exceeding 5 storeys from floors at different heights.
The refuse is received from the successive floor through the inlets located on the vertical system of pipes that
convey refuse through it and discharge it into the collecting chamber, located at ground level, from where the
refuse is cleared at suitable intervals.
This system has got four functionally important components, namely, the chutes, the inlet hopper, the
collection chamber and the cleaning and disinfecting arrangements.
The chute may be carried through service shafts meant for carrying drainage pipes. However, the location shall
be mostly determined by the position of the inlet hopper and the collecting chamber that is most convenient for
the user.
It should also be considered to locate the chute away from living rooms in order to avoid noise and smell
nuisance.
The internal diameter of the chute shall be at least 300 mm.

OPENING FOR FEEDING OF REFUSE CHUTE

Opening, with top or bottom hinged shutters with appropriate lockable latch, shall be provided for
convenient accessing of the refuse chute by users. It facilitates total building garbage collection at one single
point and provides separate collection for dry and wet garbage. Chute system shall have the following features:

a) Sanitation system for internal cleaning of chutes, with sprinklers at every floor intake level, with disinfectant
cleaning, which may preferably be automatic in operation;
b) Exhaust system with 25 to 35 air changes per hour;
c) Discharge end fire resistant door;
d) Chute may be of masonry, R.C.C. pipe, asbestos cement pipe or suitable non-corrosive material, preferably
stainless steel. It should be rigid with smooth internal finish, high ductility and alkali/acid resistant properties
e) Fire rating .Fire and Life Safety. of the Code;
f) Fire sprinklers shall be provided inside chute;
g) Vent shall be installed at roof level to remove foul smell and gases generated;
h) Chute should discharge to trolley directly;
j) Necessary automation of the system may be planned to avoid malfunction by manual operation; and
k) All care shall be taken for ensuring accessibility to the chute for persons with disabilities. The opening of
the chute shall not be higher than 700 mm and there shall be a clear space of minimum 1 500 mm × 1 500
mm in front of the chute opening to gain easy access even for persons using wheelchairs. There may be
high colour contrast provided around the chute opening to make it easy to identify it. The flooring in front of
the chute opening may be texturally highly different from the rest of the floor.
REFUSE COLLECTION CHAMBER

The collection chamber may be located in ground floor

or basement level, provided appropriate arrangement
is made for drainage of the collection pit by gravity
flow to ensure its dryness, an appropriate ramp access
is provided for convenient removal of garbage from
the collection pit, and satisfactory ventilation is
provided for escape of gas and odour.
The floor of the chamber shall be provided with
drainage through a 100 mm diameter trap and screen
to prevent any solid matters flowing into the drain
and
the drain shall be connected to the sewer line. The
floor
shall be finished with smooth hard surface for
convenient cleaning.
The height of the collection chamber and vertical
clearance under the bottom level of garbage chute
shall
be such that the garbage trolley can be conveniently
placed.
The collection chamber shall be provided with
appropriate shutter to prevent access of scavenging
animals like cattle, dogs, cats and rats.

REFUSE COLLECTION ROOM

The refuse collection room should be planned in

ground
or basement level with appropriate ventilation and
proper drainage. The room should have access for
vehicle or trolley transfer of garbage