Engine Electrical

System
GENERAL STARTER RELAY

CHARGING SYSTEM PREHEATING SYSTEM

ALTERNATOR
BATTERY

STARTING SYSTEM

STATER
EE -2 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

GENERAL
SPECIFICATION EEC7BAAD

STARTING SYSTEM

Item Specifications
Type Reduction drive (with planetary gear)
Rated voltage 12V, 2.0KW
No. of pinion teeth 9
Starter
Voltage 11.5V
No-load charasteristics Amperage 120A, MAX
Speed 4,000rpm, MIN

CHARGING SYSTEM

Item Specifications
Type Battery voltage sensing
Rated voltage 12V, 120A
Alternator Voltage regulator I.C regulator built-in type
Regulator setting voltage 14.4 ± 0.3V
Temperrature compensation -10 ± 3mV/ C
Type CMF 90L
Cold cranking amperage at-18 C (0 F) 720A
Battery
Reserve capacity 160min
Specific gravity at 20 C (77 F) 1.280 ± 0.01

NOTE - REVERSE CAPACITY RATING is amount of time

a battery can deliver 25A and maintain a mini-
- COLD CRANKING AMPERAGE is the amperage
mum terminal voltage of 10.5V at 26.7 C(80 F)
a battery can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain
a terminal voltage of 7.2V or greater at a specified
temperature.

PREHEATING SYSTEM

Item Specifications
Rated voltage DC 11V
Glow plug 16A ± 1.5A after 4 seconds loading
Current
at rated voltage
Rated voltage DC 12V
Operating voltage range DC 9V ~ DC 16V
Glow plug relay
Operating temperature range -40 C ~ 120 C
Rated load current DC 12V, 70A
GENERAL EE -3

TROUBLESHOOTING E23DF8A6

CHARGING SYSTEM

Symptom Suspect Area Remedy

Charging warning indicator Fuse blown Check fuses
does not light with ignition Light burned out Replace light
switch "ON" and engine off Wiring connection loose Tighten loose connections
Electronic voltage regulator Replace voltage regulator
Charging warning indicator Drive belt loose or worn Adjust tension or replace drive belt
does not go out with engine Battery cables loose, corroded or worn Repair or replace cables
running (Battery requires Fuse blown Check fuses
frequent recharging) Fusible link blown Replace fusible link
Electronic voltage regulator or generator Test generator
Wiring Repair wiring
Engine hesitates/poor Drive belt loose or worn Adjust tension or replace drive belt
acceleration Wiring connection loose or open circuit Tighten loose connection or
Overcharge repair wiring
Fusible link blown Replace fusible link
Poor grounding Repair
Electronic voltage regulator or generator Test generator, if faulty, repair or replace
Worn battery Replace battery
Electronic voltage regulator Replace voltage regulator
Voltage sensing wire Repair wire

STARTING SYSTEM

Symptom Suspect Area Remedy

Engine will not crank Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn out Repair or replace cables
Transaxle range switch (Vehicle with Adjust or replace switch
automatic transaxle only)
Fusible link blown Replace fusible link
Starter motor faulty Repair starter motor
Ignition switch faulty Inspect
Engine cranks slowly Battery charge low Charge or replace battery
Battery cables loose, corroded or worn out Repair or replace cables
Starter motor Repair starter motor
Starter keeps running Starter motor Repair starter motor
Ignition switch Inspect
Starter spins but engine Short in wiring Repair wiring
will not crank Pinion gear teeth broken or starter motor Repair starter motor
Ring gear teeth broken Replace flywheel ring gear or
torque converter
EE -4 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL ECC7A874

Tool (Number and name) Illustration Use

Alternator pulley remover wrench Removal and installation of
(09373–27000) alternator pulley

EBDD700A

REFERENCE SERVICE TOOLS

Tool (Number and name) Illustration Use

MCR-570 KIT For testing 12-volt automotive
Battery checker staring battery and for testing
12-volt charging system.
(Using with Terminal Pinter_182-
003A)

LBLG001A
GENERAL EE -5

THE MICRO 570 ANALYZER E427CDBF KEYPAD

The MICRO 570 Analyzer provides the ability to test The MICRO570 button on the key pad provides the follow-
the charging and starting systems, including the battery, ing functions :
starter and generator.

CAUTION
Because of the possibility of personal injury, al-
ways use extreme caution and appropriate eye
protection when working with batteries.
Use the ARROW buttons to scroll
to menu choices

Press the ENTER button to

make selections

Press the CODE button to

generate a Warranty Code

Press the MENU button to print

and view the last test result, set
the time, use the voltmeter, and
esport data to a PC (feature not
currently used by Hyundai)

EBRF005A

EBRF004A
EE -6 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

BATTERY TEST PROCEDURE 3. Choose either CCA or CCP and press the ENTER
button.
1. Connect the tester to the battery.
- Red clamp to battery positive (+) terminal.
- Black clamp to battery negative (-) terminal.

SCMEE6101L

NOTE
EBRF006A • CCA : Cold cranking amps, is an SAE specifica-
tion for cranking batteries at -18 C (0 F).
CAUTION • CCP : Cold cranking amps, is an SAE specifica-
Connect clamps securely. If "CHECK CONNEC- tion for korean manufacturer’s for cranking bat-
TION" message is displayed on the screen, recon- teries at -18 C (0 F).
nect clamps securely.
4. Set the CCA value displayed on the screen to the CCA
2. The tester will ask if the battery is connected "IN A value marked on the battery label by pressing up and
VEHICLE" or "OUT OF A VEHICLE". Make your se- down buttons and press ENTER.
lection by pressing the arrow buttons; then press EN-
TER.

SCMEE6102L

SCMEE6200L NOTE
The battery ratings(CCA) displayed on the tester must
be identical to the ratings marked on battery label.
GENERAL EE -7

5. The tester (Micro570) displays battery test results in- NOTE

cluding voltage and battery ratings.
The battery ratings (CCA) displayed on the tester
A relevant action must be given according to the test
must be identical to the ratings marked on battery
results by referring to the battery test results as shown
label.
in the table below.
6. To conduct starter test, press ENTER.

SCMEE6103L

BATTERY TEST RESULTS

RESULT ON PRINTER REMEDY

Good battery No action is required
Battery is in a good state
Good recharge
Recharge the battery and use
Battery is not charged properly
Charge & Retest => Charge and test the battery again (Failure to charge the battery
fully may read incorrect measurement value)
=> Replace battery and recheck the charging system. (Improper connection
between battery and vehicle cables may cause "REPLACE BATTERY",
Replace battery
retest the battery after removing cables and connecting the tester to the
battery terminal directly prior to replacing the battery)
=> Charge and retest the battery. And then, test results may cause "REPLACE
Bad cell-replace
BATTERY", replace battery and recheck the charging system

WARNING
Whenever filing a claim for battery, the print out of
the battery test results must be attached.
EE -8 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

STARTER TEST PROCEDURE 3. Cranking voltage and starter test results will be dis-
played on the screen.
1. After the battery test, press ENTER immediately for Take a relevant action according to the test results by
the starter test. referring to the starter test results as given below.

SCMEE6104L
SCMEE6106L

2. After pressing ENTER key, start the engine. 4. To continue charging system test, press ENTER.

SCMEE6105L
GENERAL EE -9

STARTER TEST RESULTS

RESULT ON PRINTER REMEDY

Cranking voltage normal System shows a normal starter draw
Cranking voltage is lower than normal level
Cranking voltage low
=> Check starter
The state of battery charge is too low to test
Charge battery
=> Charge the battery and retest
=> Replace battery
=> If the vehicle is not started though the battery condition of
Replace battery "Good and fully charged" is displayed.
=> Check wiring for open circuit, battery cable connection, starter
and repair or replace as necessary.
EE -10 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

CHARGING SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURE

1. Press ENTER to begin charging system test. 4. Press ENTER.

SCMEE6110L

5. The MICRO 570 will analyze the charging system out-

put at idle for comparison to other readings.

SCMEE6107L

2. ENTER button is pressed, the tester displays the ac-

tual voltage of generator.
Press ENTER to test the charging system.
SCMEE6111L

6. The MICRO 570 will detect the amount of ripple from

the charging system to the battery. Excessive ripple
usually means the stator is damaged or that one or
more generator diodes have failed.

***TESTING***
DIODE/RIPPLE

SCMEE6108L

3. The MICRO 570 will prompt you to rev the engine until
the rev is detected. It will then collect the data.

SCMEE6112L

7. The MICRO 570 will prompt you to turn on accessary

loads. It will then test at idle and prompt you to rev the
engine. The analyzer will determine if the charging
INCREASE
system can provide enough current for the demands
REV
of the vehicle’s electrical system.

SCMEE6109L
GENERAL EE -11

8. After the test, the MICRO 570 will display the idle volt-
age, load voltage and the state results.

TURN LOADS ON
ENTER TO CONT...

LOAD OFF: 14.28V

LOAD ON : 14.12V

SCMEE6113L

NOTE
SCMEE6114L
When asked to turn on the accessory loads, turn on
the blower to high(heater), the high beam headlights,
and rear defogger. DO NOT use cyclical loads such
as air conditioning or wind-shield wipers.

CHARGING SYSTEM
NORMAL

SCMEE6115L

CHARGING SYSTEM TEST RESULTS

RESULT ON PRINTER REMEDY

Charging system normal/Diode
Charging system is normal
ripple normal
Generator does not supply charging current to battery
No charging voltage => Check belts, connection between generator and battery
Replace belts or cable or generator as necessary
Generator does not supply charging current to battery and
Low charging voltage electrical load to system fully
=> Check belts and generator and replace as necessary
The voltage from generator to battery is higher than normal
limit during voltage regulating.
High charging voltage
=> Check connection and ground and replace regulator as necessary
=> Check electrolyte level in the battery
One or more diodes in the generator is not functioning properly
Excess ripple detected
=> Check generator mounting and belts and replace as necessary
EE -12 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

CHARGING SYSTEM ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION EE8EC6C0

CAUTION
DESCRIPTION EDCABFCE
• Check that the battery cables are connected
to the correct terminals.
The conventional internal voltage detection type alterna-
• Disconnect the battery cables when the bat-
tor controls the charging voltage regardless of the battery
tery is given a quick charge.
condition and according to the external load change so
• Do not perform tests with a high voltage insu-
that it sometimes causes battery under or over charging
lation resistance tester.
or causes flickering of meters and lamps due to ripples of
• Never disconnect the battery while the engine
generated voltage resulting from load fluctuation. The fig-
is running.
ure below show the internal circuits of the alternator and
voltage regulator. CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE

1. After having driven the vehicle and in the case that 20

minutes have not passed after having stopped the en-
Drive belt pulley
gine, turn the ignition switch ON and turn on the elec-
trical system (headlamp, blower motor, rear defogger
etc.) for 60 seconds to remove the surface charge.

2. Turn the ignition switch OFF and turn off the electrical
systems.

3. Measure the battery voltage between the negative (-)

Vacuum pump and positive (+) terminals of the battery.
Rotor
Stator
Standard voltage : 12.5~12.9V at 20 C (68 C)

LBIF018A If the voltage is less than specification, charge the

battery.

CHECK BATTERY TERMINALS, FUSIBLE LINK AND

FUSES

1. Check that the battery terminals are not loose or cor-

roded.

2. Check the fusible link and fuses for continuity.

CHARGING SYSTEM EE -13

INSPECT DRIVE BELT VISUALLY CHECK ALTERNATOR WIRING AND

LISTEN FOR ABNORMAL NOISES
1. Visually check the belt for excessive wear, frayed
cords etc. 1. Check that the wiring is in good condition.
If any defect has been found, replace the drive belt.
2. Check that there is no abnormal noise from the alter-
NOTE nator while the engine is running.
Cracks on the rib side of a belt are considered accept- CHECK DISCHARGE WARNING LIGHT CIRCUIT
able. If the belt has chunks missing from the ribs, it
should be replaced. 1. Warm up the engine and then turn it off.

2. Turn off all accessories.

3. Turn the ignition switch "ON". Check that the dis-

charge warning light is it.

4. Start the engine. Check that the light goes off.

If the light does not go off as specified, troubleshoot the

discharge light circuit.

LBIF019A

2. Using a belt tension gauge, measure the drive belt

tension.
EE -14 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

INSPECT CHARGING SYSTEM RESULT

1. The voltmeter may indicate the standard value.
VOLTAGE DROP TEST OF ALTERNATOR OUTPUT
WIRE
Standard value: 0.2V max.
This test determines whether or not the wiring between the
alternator "B" terminal and the battery (+) terminal is good 2. If the value of the voltmeter is higher than expected
by the voltage drop method. (above 0.2V max.), poor wiring is suspected. In this
case check the wiring from the alternator "B" terminal
PREPARATION to the fusible link to the battery (+) terminal. Check
for loose connections, color change due to an over-
1. Turn the ignition switch to "OFF".
heated harness, etc. Correct them before testing
NOTE again.
3. Upon completion of the test, set the engine speed at
To find abnormal conditions of the connection, actions idle. Turn off the head lamps, blower motor and the
should not be taken on the two terminals and each ignition switch.
connection during the test.

2. Connect a digital voltmeter between the alternator "B"

terminal and battery (+) lead wire to the battery (+)
terminal. Connect the (+) lead wire of the voltmeter to
the "B" terminal and the (-) lead wire to the battery (+)
terminal.

Alternator

Ammeter

Voltmeter Vattery

LBIF022A

CONDITIONS FOR THE TEST

1. Start the engine.
2. Switch on the headlamps, blower motor and so on.
And then, read the voltmeter under this condition.
CHARGING SYSTEM EE -15

OUTPUT CURRENT TEST TEST

1. Check to see that the voltmeter reads as the same
This test determines whether or not the alternator gives an value as the battery voltage. If the voltmeter reads 0V,
output current that is equivalent to the nominal output. and the open circuit in the wire between the alternator
"B" terminal and battery (-) terminal, a blown fusible
PREPARATION link or poor grounding is suspected.
1. Prior to the test, check the following items and correct 2. Start the engine and turn on the headlights.
as necessary. 3. Set the headlights to high beam and the heater blower
Check the battery installed in the vehicle to ensure switch to HIGH, quickly increase the engine speed
that it is in good condition. The battery checking to 2,500 rpm and read the maximum output current
method is described in "BATTERY". value indicated by the ammeter.
The battery that is used to test the output current
should be one that has been partially discharged. NOTE
With a fully charged battery, the test may not be con-
ducted correctly due to an insufficient load. After the engine starts up, the charging current quickly
Check the tension of the alternator drive belt. drops. Therefore, the above operation must be done
2. Turn off the ignition switch. quickly to read the maximum current value correctly.
3. Disconnect the battery ground cable.
4. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the alter- RESULT
nator "B" terminal. 1. The ammeter reading must be higher than the limit
5. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between value. If it is lower but the alternator output wire is in
the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire. Be good condition, remove the alternator from the vehicle
sure to connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to the and test it.
disconnected output wire.
Limit value (90Aalternator): 63A min.
NOTE
Tighten each connection securely, as a heavy current NOTE
will flow. Do not rely on clips.
• The nominal output current value is shown on the
6. Connect a voltmeter (0 to 20V) between the "B" termi- nameplate affixed to the alternator body.
nal and ground. Connect the (+) lead wire to the alter- • The output current value changes with the elec-
nator "B" terminal and (-) lead wire to a good ground. trical load and the temperature of the alternator
7. Attach an engine tachometer and connect the battery itself. Therefore, the nominal output current may
ground cable. not be obtained. If such is the case, keep the
8. Leave the engine hood open. headlights on the cause discharge of the battery,
or use the lights of another vehicle to increase
the electrical load.
Ioad
Voltmeter Ammeter The nominal output current may not be obtained if
the temperature of the alternator itself or ambient
temperature is too high.
In such a case, reduce the temperature before
testing again.
Check engine

L
3. Upon completion of the output current test, lower the
S or DUMMY engine speed to idle and turn off the ignition switch.
4. Disconnect the battery ground cable.
5. Remove the ammeter and voltmeter and the engine
tachometer.
6. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator
"B" terminal.
LBIF023A 7. Connect the battery ground cable.
EE -16 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST RESULT

1. If the voltmeter reading agrees with the value listed in
The purpose of this test is to check that the electronic volt- the Regulating Voltage Table below, the voltage reg-
age regulator controls voltage correctly. ulator is functioning correctly. If the reading is other
than the standard value, the voltage regulator or the
PREPARATION alternator is faulty.
1. Prior to the test, check the following items and correct REGULATING VOLTAGE TABLE
if necessary.
Check that the battery installed on the vehicle is fully Voltage regulator
charged. For battery checking method, see "BAT- ambient temperature Regulating voltage (V)
TERY". C ( F)
Check the alternator drive belt tension.
2. Turn ignition switch to "OFF". -30 (-22) 14.1 ~ 15.2
3. Disconnect the battery ground cable. 20 (68) 14.1 ~ 14.7
4. Connect a digital voltmeter between the "B" terminal 120 (248) 13.3 ~ 14.7
of the alternator and ground. Connect the (+) lead
of the voltmeter to the "B" terminal of the alternator. 2. Upon completion of the test, reduce the engine speed
Connect the (-) lead to good ground or the battery (-) to idle, and turn off the ignition switch.
terminal. 3. Disconnect the battery ground cable.
5. Disconnect the alternator output wire from the alter- 4. Remove the voltmeter and ammeter and the engine
nator "B" terminal. tachometer.
6. Connect a DC ammeter (0 to 150A) in series between 5. Connect the alternator output wire to the alternator
the "B" terminal and the disconnected output wire. "B" terminal.
Connect the (-) lead wire of the ammeter to the dis- 6. Connect the battery ground cable.
connected output wire.
7. Attach the engine tachometer and connect the battery
ground cable.

Ioad
Voltmeter Ammeter

Check engine

L
S or DUMMY

LBIF024A

TEST
1. Turn on the ignition switch and check to see that the
voltmeter indicates the following value.

Voltage: Battery voltage

If it reads 0V, there is an open circuit in the wire be-

tween the alternator "B" terminal and the battery and
the battery (-), or the fusible link is blown.
2. Start the engine. Keep all lights and accessories off.
3. Run the engine at a speed of about 2,500 rpm and
read the voltmeter when the alternator output current
drops to 10A or less.
CHARGING SYSTEM EE -17

ALTERNATOR

COMPONENTS E7BABA5C

4
3
2

6
12

11

10

1. Pulley cover 7. Rotor

2. Pulley 8. Stator
3. Front frame 9. Brush & Regulator assembly
4. Front bearing 10. Rear frame
5. Bearing cover 11. Throught bolts
6. Bolts 12. Vacuum pump
LBIF033A
EE -18 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

REPLACEMENT EB1AECC9 DISASSEMBLY ECB8FF64

1. Disconnect the battery negative terminal frist, then the 1. Remove the pulley cover.
positive terminal. 2. Remove the pulley(A) using the special tool(B).
2. Disconnect the alternator connector(A) and "B" termi-
nal cable(B) from the alternator.
3. Disconnect the vacuum pump oil drain hose(C), vac- Special tool
uum pump oil feed hose(D) and vacuum hose(E). (09373-27000)
B

B
E Air tool
D
LBIF048A
C

3. After loosening the three bolts(A). Remove the vac-

B uum pump(B).
SCMEE6001D

A
4. Remove the mounting bolts(A,B) and the alterna-
tor(C).

C
B
A

LBIF049A

SCMEE6002D

5. Installation is the reverse of removal.

CHARGING SYSTEM EE -19

4. Remove the B terminal insulator(A) and loosen the 6. After removing the weld between the stator lead and
five rear cover mounting nuts(B). diode lead(A), remove the regulator assembly(B).

A A
B

A B

LBIF050A LBIF052A

5. After loosening the four through bolts(A), remove the 7. Separate the rotor(A), stator(B), and front cover(C).
rear cover(B).
A

B
A
A
C

LBIF053A

8. Installation is the reverse of removal.

LBIF051A
EE -20 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

INSPECTION E00B85EA INSPECT STATOR

INSPECT ROTOR 1. Check that there is continuity between each pair of

leads(A).
1. Check that there is continuity between the slip
rings(A). A

C
B LBIF055A

LBIF054A 2. Check that there is no continuity between each lead

and the coil core.
2. Check that there is no continuity between the slip rings
and the rotor(B) or rotor shaft(C). 3. If the coil fails either continuity check, replace the gen-
erator.
3. If the rotor fails either continuity check, replace the
alternator.
CHARGING SYSTEM EE -21

BATTERY

DESCRIPTION ECBDB3EF

1. The maintenance-free battery is, as the name implies,

totally maintenance free and has no removable bat-
tery cell caps.

2. Water never needs to be added to the maintenance-

free battery.

3. The battery is completely sealed, except for small vent

holes in the cover.

LBIF059A
EE -22 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

INSPECTION EF4DE1EC

CHECKING PROCEDURE OF BATTERY

Step 1: Visual inspection Terminal case of

Check for obvious damage such as a cracked or cover damage,
broken terminal and case or cover that could permit electrolyte leakage
leakage of electrolyte.
Determine the cause of damage and correct as
needed. Replace battery
Clan any corrosion with as solution of baking soda
and water.

OK

Step 2: Measure battery voltage after romoving

Below 11.0V Can be hand to re-charge.
theterminals
Need low current long time
Check the voltage after at least one hour in case of
charging procedure.
recharging the battery, and the recharging should be
made in accordance with the charging instructions.

OK(11.0 ~ 12.4V) Above 12.5V

Charging system
inspection

Charge battery

Step 3: Load test

Perform an electrical load using the appropriate load Refer to load test
test amperage specifications for the battery. Replace battery

OK

Battery is good

SKMEE6001D
CHARGING SYSTEM EE -23

CHECKING SHEET

Inspection Items & contents Judgment criteria Remarks

1. Acid Leakage 1. Damage in the case or cover due

* Type of acid leakage to outside impact.
- Leakage on the fusion part for joining
2. Acid leakage on the molding part
the case and cover.
of the case or cover.
- Leakage on the terminal part
(weld line or gate hole)
- Leakage on the other parts
3. Damage on the terminal or cracks
* Clean the wet part or wash it, then dry it in the cover.
before checking with naked eyes. 4. Acid leakage due to the tipped
* Determine a part where leakage might battery or slant storage.
have occurred
; check it by tipping the battery, if the
5. Acid leakage due to poor welding
leakage takes place again.
of the cover.
* Conduct a visual inspection for breakage,
(with no damage)
deformation, or cracks.
2. Outside damage and breakage 1. Outside damage due to causes without
* Check with naked eyes. damage due to mistreatment.
2. Outside damage due to mistreatment.
3. Damage due to a spark between
terminals.
4. Damage and breakage due to heat.
3. Measure the voltage for the battery 1. 12.0V Refer to load test
; but wait at least one day before measuring
2. 11.0V< battery voltage<12.0V due
in case of recharging, and recharging Refer to load test
to over-discharge.
should be made in accordance with the
charging instructions. 3. Below 11.0V due to charge
Refer to load test
condition failure.
4. Below 11.0V due to discharged
Refer to load test
for a long period.
5. Below 11.0V due to internal short circuit. Refer to load test
4. Load test 1. Load test result: below 9.5V
; For 15 seconds with a half of the CCA
electric current value, but the voltage
on the dischaarging stage should be
above 9.6V (27±5 C) 2. Load test result: above 9.6V Mfg. Defect usable
- Conduct the test with a battery tester.
(Refer to the tester manual)
EE -24 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

LOAD TEST BATTERY DIAGNOSTIC TEST

1. Perform the following steps to complete the load test 1. Make sure the ignition switch and all accessories are
procedure for maintenance free batteries. in the OFF position.

2. Connect the load tester clamps to the terminals and 2. Disconnect the battery cables (negative first).
proceed with the test as follow :
a. If the battery has been on charge, remove the 3. Remove the battery from the vehicle.
surface charge by connect a 300 ampere load for
15 seconds. CAUTION
b. Connect the voltmeter and apply the specified
Care should be taken in the event the battery case
load.
is cracked or leaking, to protect your skin from the
c. Read the voltage after the load has been applied
electrolyte. Heavy rubber gloves (not the house-
for 15 seconds.
hold type) should be worn when removing the bat-
d. Disconnect the load.
tery.
e. Compare the voltage reading with the minimum
and replace the battery if battery test voltage is
below that shown in the voltage table.

Voltage(V) Temperature
9.6 20 C (70 F) and above
9.5 16 C (60 F)
9.4 10 C (50 F)
9.3 4 C (40 F)
9.1 -1 C (30 F)
8.9 -7 C (20 F)
8.7 -12 C (10 F)
8.5 -18 C (0 F) LBIF061A

4. Inspect the battery carrier for damage caused by the

NOTE
loss of electrolyte. If acid damage is present, it will be
- If the voltage is less than shown in the table, the necessary to clean the area with a solution of clean
battery is good. warm water and baking soda. Scrub the area with a
- If the voltage is greater than shown in the table, stiff brush and wipe off with a cloth moistened with
replace the battery. baking soda and water.

5. Clean the top of the battery with the same solution as

described in Step(3).

6. Inspect the battery case and cover for cracks. If

cracks are present, the battery must be replaced.

7. Clean the battery posts with a suitable battery post

tool.

8. Clean the inside surface of the terminal clamps with

a suitable battery cleaning tool. Replace damaged or
frayed cables and broken terminal clamps.

9. Install the battery in the vehicle.

10. Connect the cable terminals to the battery post, mak-

ing sure the tops of the terminals are flush with the
tops of the posts.

11. Tighten the terminal nuts securely.

CHARGING SYSTEM EE -25

12. Coat all connections with light mineral grease after

tightening.

CAUTION
When batteries are being charged, an explosive
gas forms beneath the cover of each cell. Do
not smoke near batteries being charged or which
have recently been charged. Do not break live cir-
cuits at the terminals of batteries being charged.
A spark will occur when the circuit is broken.
Keep open flames away from the battery.

LBIF059A
EE -26 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

STARTING SYSTEM INSPECTION E44C2FBC

START TEST
DESCRIPTION EFE0D698

NOTE
The starting system includes the battery, starter motor, so-
lenoid switch, ignition switch, inhibitor switch(A/T), ignition The air temperature must be between 59 and 100 F
lock switch, connection wires and the battery cable. (15 and 38 C) before testing.
When the ignition key is turned to the start position, current
flows and energizes the starter motor’s solenoid coil. Recommended procedure :
The solenoid plunger and clutch shift lever are activated, • Use a starter system tester.
and the clutch pinion engages the ring gear. • Connect and operate the equipment in accordance
The contacts close and the starter motor cranks. In order with the manufacturer’s instructions.
to prevent damage caused by excessive rotation of the • Test and troubleshoot as described.
starter armature when the engine starts, the clutch pinion
gear overruns. Alternate Procedure :
• Use the following equipment :
Solenoid - Ammeter, 0~400A
- Voltmeter, 0~20V (accurate within 0.1 volt)
- Tachometer, 0~1,200 rpm
• Hook up a voltmeter and ammeter as shown.

NOTE
After this test, or any subsequent repair, reset the
ECM/PCM to clear any codes.

Check the Starter Engagement :

Brush assembly
Armature 1. Remove the ECM(B+) fuse from the fuse/relay box.
Overrun clutch

LBIF063A 2. Turn the ignition switch to START (III) with the shift
lever in N or P position (A/T) or with the clutch pedal
depressed (M/T). The starter should crank the engine.
• If the starter does not crank the engine, go to step
3.
• If it cranks the engine erratically or too slowly,
go to "Check for Wear and Damage" on the next
page.

3. Check the battery, battery positive cable, ground,

starter cut relay, and the wire connections for loose-
ness and corrosion. Test again.
If the starter still does not crank the engine, go to step
4.

4. Unplug the connector from the starter.

5. Connect a jumper wire from the battery positive (+)

terminal to the solenoid terminal.
The starter should crank the engine.
• If the starter still does not crank the engine, re-
move it, and diagnose its internal problem.
• If the starter cranks the engine, go to step 6.

6. Check the ignition switch.

7. Check the starter relay.

STARTING SYSTEM EE -27

STARTER SOLENOID TEST

1. Disconnect the wires from the Sterminal and the M

8. Check the A/T gear position switch (A/T) or the clutch terminal.
interlock switch (M/T).
2. Connect the battery as shown. If the starter pinion
9. Check for an open in the wire between the ignition pops out, it is working properly. To avoid damaging
switch and starter. the starter, do not leave the battery connected for
more than 10 seconds.
CHECK FOR WEAR AND DAMAGE

The starter should crank the engine smoothly and steadily. S

If the starter engages, but cranks the engine erratically,
M
remove it, and inspect the starter drive gear and torque
converter ring gear for damage.

Check the drive gear overrunning clutch for binding or slip-

ping when the armature is rotated with the drive gear held.
If damaged, replace the gears.

LBIF065A

3. Disconnect the battery from the M terminal.

If the pinion does not retract, the hold-in coil is working
properly. To avoid damaging the starter, do not leave
the battery connected for more than 10 seconds.

S
M

LBIF066A
EE -28 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4. Disconnect the battery also from the body. If the pin- FREE RUNNING TEST
ion retracts immediately, it is working properly.
To avoid damaging the starter, do not leave the battery 1. Place the starter motor in a vise equipped with soft
connected for more than 10 seconds. jaws and connecta fully-charged 12-volt battery to
starter motor as follows :

S 2. Connect a test ammeter (100-ampere scale) and car-

M bon pile rheostatas shown is the illustration.

3. Connect a voltmeter (15-volt scale) across starter mo-

tor.

4. Rotate carbon pile to the off position.

5. Connect the battery cable from battery’s negative post

to the starter motor body.

6. Adjust until battery voltage shown on the voltmeter

reads 11 volts.

LBIF067A 7. Confirm that the maximum amperage is within

the specifications and that the starter motor turns
smoothly and freely :

Current : Max. 120 Amps

Speed : Min. 4,000 rpm

Carbon-pile rheostat

Ammeter
A

Starter
motor Battery
V Voltmeter 12V

LBIF068A

CLEANING E8C3711A

1. Do not immerse parts in cleaning solvent. Immersing

the yoke assembly and/or armature will damage the
insulation. Wipe these parts with a cloth only.

2. Do not immerse the drive unit in cleaning solvent. The

overrun clutch is pre-lubricated at the factory and sol-
vent will wash lubrication from the clutch.

3. The drive unit may be cleaned with a brush moistened

with cleaning solvent and wiped dry with a cloth.
STATER EE -29

STATER
COMPONENTS EBAF73D6

13

12

11

7
5
4

3
10

9
8

1. Front bracket 8. Magnetic switch

2. Overrun clutch assembly 9. Packing
3. Idle gear 10. Rear cover
4. Driver gear 11. Brush holder
5. Idle gear bearing 12. Packing
6. Housing 13. Yoke assembly
7. Spring
LBIF072A
EE -30 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

REPLACEMENT E1BE77DD

1. Disconnect the battery negative cable.

2. Disconnect the starter cable(A) from the B terminal(B)

on the solenoid(C), then disconnect the connector(D)
from the S terminal(E).

B
A D C
E

SCMEE6003D

3. Remove the 2 bolts holding the starter, then remove

the starter.

4. Installation is the reverse of removal.

5. Connect the battery positive cable and negative cable

to the battery.
STATER EE -31

DISASSEMBLY E8534E61 3. Using a screwdriver, hold the spring tank back and
disconnect the brush(A) from the brush holder(B).
1. Remove the nut(A) and disconnect the lead wire(B) Disconnect the 2 brushed and remove the brush
from the magnetic switch terminal(C). holder.

NOTE
Check that the positive(+) lead wires are not
grounded.

B
A
C

LBIF085A

2. Remove the 2 bolts(A) and pull out the yoke assem-

bly(B) with the armature(C) from the front bracket(D).
LBIF087A

4. Remove the 3 screws(A) and disconnect the housing

rear cover(B) and packing(C).
B

C A

LBIF086A
C

LBIF088A
EE -32 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

5. Remove the magnetic switch(A) and spring coil(B). 8. Reassembly is the reverse of disassembly.
6. Remove the 2 screws(A) and disconnect the clutch
sub assembly(B), idle gear(C), idle gear bearing(D) NOTE
and drive gear(E) from the housing(F). When installing the yoke assembly(A), use a new
O-ring(B) and align the mark(C) on the housing to
D C E the mark(D) range of the brush holder.

A A

D C

LBIF090A
B
7. Using a magnetic finger(A), remove the steel ball(B)
LBIF092A
from the clutch shaft hole.

LBIF091A
STATER EE -33

INSPECTION E712D053 5. Check for continuity between the segments of the

commutator. If an open circuit exists between any
ARMATURE INSPECTION AND TEST segments, replace the armature.

1. Remove the starter (see page EE-25).

2. Disassemble the starter as shown at the beginning of

this procedure.

3. Inspect the armature for wear or damage from con-

tact with the permanent magnet. If there is wear or
damage, replace the armature.

LBIF095A

6. Check with an ohmmeter that no continuity exists be-

tween the commutator (A) and armature coil core (B),
and between the commutator and armature shaft (C).
If continuity exists, replace the armature.
LBIF093A

4. Measure the commutator (A) runout.

• If the commutator runout is within the service
limit, check the commutator for carbon dust or
brass chips between the segments.
• If the commutator runout is not within the service
limit, replace the armature.

Commutator Runout
Standard (New) : 0.02mm (0.001 in.) max.
Service limit : 0.05mm (0.002 in.)
C A
B

LBIF096A

LBIF094A
EE -34 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

INSPECT STARTER BRUSH INSPECT OVERRUNNING CLUTCH

Brushes that are worn out, or oil-soaked, should be re- 1. Slide the overrunning clutch along the shaft.
placed. Replace it if does not slide smoothly.

2. Rotate the overrunning clutch (A) both ways.

Does it lock in one direction and rotate smoothly in
reverse? If it does not lock in either direction or it locks
in both directions, replace it.
Limit line

LBIF097A

STARTER BRUSH HOLDER TEST

Check that there is no continuity between the (+) brush

holder (A) and (-) brush holder (B). If there is no continuity, LBIF099A
replace the brush holder assembly.
3. If the starter driver gear (B) is worn or damaged, re-
place the overrunning clutch assembly: the gear is not
available separately.
Check the condition of the flywheel or torque con-
verter ring gear if the starter drive gear teeth are dam-
aged.
B

LBIF098A
STARTER RELAY EE -35

STARTER RELAY
INSPECTION EE48CFAA

1. Remove the fuse box cover.

2. Remove the starter relay.

3. Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity be-

tween each terminal.

Terminal Continuity
30 - 87 NO
85 - 86 YES

4. Apply 12V to terminal 85 and ground to terminal 86.

Check for continuity between terminals 30 and 87.

87 85
30 86

85 87
30 86

LDAD510B

5. If there is no continuity, replace the starter relay.

6. Install the starter relay.

7. Install the fuse box cover.

EE -36 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

PREHEATING SYSTEM
COMPONENTS LOCATION E64278AC

1. Glow plug relay 3. Glow plug

2. Glow plug connector 4. Plate
SCMEE6100L
PREHEATING SYSTEM EE -37

INSPECT PREHEATING SYSTEM E812E6A0 INSPECT GLOW PLUS

Conditions before inspection : 1. Check the continuity between the terminal and body
Battery voltage : 12V as illustrated. Replaceif discontinuity or with large re-
sistance.
1. Connect voltmeter between glow plug plate and plug
body (ground). Standard value : 0.25

2. Check indicated value on voltmeter with ignition

switch ON. CAUTION
Remove oil from plug before measuring as glow
3. Check that preheat indication lamp lights for about 6 plug resistance is verysmall.
seconds and indicates battery voltage (about 9V or
over) for about 36 seconds immediately afterignition- 2. Check for rust on glow plug plate.
switch is turned on. [At cooling water temperature
20 C (68 F)] 3. Check glow plug for damage.

NOTE
Continuity time varies depending upon cooling water
temperature.

4. After checking 3, set ignition switch at START position.

5. The system is normal if battery voltage (about 9V or

over) is generatedforabout 6 seconds during engine
cranking and after start operation. [at coolingwater
temperature 20 C (68 F)]

6. When the voltage or continuity time is not normal,

check the terminal voltage in glow control unit, and
single parts.
LBIF118A

LBIF117A
EE -38 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

INSPECT GLOW PLUG RELAY 3. Inspect the relay operation.

- Apply battery positive voltage across terminals 2
1. Remove the glow plug relay. and 4.
- Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity
2. Inspect the relay continuity. between terminals 1 and 5.
- Using an ohmmeter, check that there is continuity If there is no continuity, replace the relay.
between terminals 2 and 4.
If there is no continuity, replace the relay.
- Check that there is no continuity between termi-
nals 1 and 5.
If there is continuity, replace the relay.
2

1
5
4

1
5
4
LBIF120A

4. Install the glow plug relay.

LBIF119A