THE IMPORTANT OF CONVERSATION IN SPEAKING

NAME : SANTI SARTIKA

NPM: 1701070138

English Education Study Programs Tarbiyah Deparment

ABSTRACT : The objectives of study are there are many things that must be considered in a
good conversation from the language that is used formally and informally, so that listeners
easily understand what is said in a conversation. Conversations must pay attention to the place,
if you are in a teenage environment you can use informal conversations, but compilation is not
in an environment that is of a different age we must use formal conversations. The conversation
itself must make preparations in conducting conversations. Good preparation of language
comprehension, principle of ability in conversation, ability to give consent with the ability to
understand in conversation. A person's ability to make sentences is important in a conversation
the basic capital of a conversation. Many types of conversation itself, it lies in the conversation
and the language used now and in the past. It is influential in making correct sentences in
English. The purpose of the Conversation in Speaking in order to facilitate the conversation
must pay attention to a variety of good procedures that are delivered verbally, preparation in
the delivery of conversations, using simple tables of sentences and important things in the
development of conversation. So that a conversation is very easy to understand by the listener
and easy in pronunciation.

Keyword : speaking skill, tehcnique conversation,conversational capabilities.

INTRODUCTION

English is an international language. It is use by many people in the world for different
purposes such as to communicate to other people from different countries and provide a means
for exchanging knowledge. It is line to Richard (2007:2 ).

Conversation is a form of fundamental activities carried out by humans to establish

relationships between one another. By having a conversation, humans can express their
thoughts and feelings to each other, and besides that, they can exchange information to meet
their needs

Ability to communicate on the hand helped in finding food and predators, while on the
other hand. It helped in finding a mate which helped in reproduction, perpetuation of their own
species. In higher species, a combination gave the higher species the ability to communicate
emotions in terms of anger, love,concern. In human, the evaluation of speech has been that of
the higher species, namely predominantly sound and gestures based.

Conversation is the most basic form of activity carried out by humans to establish
relations between one another. By conducting conversations, humans can express each other's
thoughts and feelings, and can also exchange information to meet their needs. Conversation is
seen as a social success or achievement because conversation requires conversation participants
to complete certain things that are done cooperatively throughout the conversation.

Conversations focus on what happens in language, in text or conversation.

Conversations focus their attention on interactions in conversations such as various movements
by communicators and how they manage and regulate the sequence of speech as seen clearly in
their behavior. The most popular and perhaps the most significant aspect of conversation is
about coherent conversations that have a simple definition, a coherent conversation will appear
to be well-structured and reasonable for the listener.

DISCUSSION

Definition of Conversation

Conversation is the spoken exchange of ideas, observation, opinions, or feelings beetwen

people. “The properties of the best conversation,” says William Covino, echoing Thomas De
Quincey,”are identical to the ptoperties of the best rhetoric.1

"Two different kinds of conversational interaction can be distinguished those in which the
primary focus is on the exchange of information (the transactional function of conversation),
and those in which the primary purpose is to establish and maintain social relations (the
interactional function of conversation) (Brown and Yule, 1983). In transactional uses of
conversation the primary focus is on the message, whereas interactional uses of conversation
focus primarily on the social needs of the participants.

"Conversation also reflects the rules and procedures that govern face-to-face encounters, as well
as the constraints that derive from the use of spoken language. This is seen in the nature of
turns, the role of topics, how speakers repair trouble spots, as well as the syntax and register of
conversational discourse."2

1
The Art of Wondering,1988.
2
Jack C. Richards.1990. The Language Teaching Matrix. Cambridge University Press.
Preparation For Conversation

As a first step for conversation in all kinds of languages, such as English, you must first do a
gradual understanding related to the use of language as a communication tool. Things that can
be done in a conversation.

a. Understanding language in general.

Even anything in this world is essentially a tool that is used by everyone to have
conversations with other people.
b. Principle of ability in conversation

When having conversations with other people, there are at least 2 important things that
do the core of the communication process so that it runs well. The two important things
are the ability to convey statements that are easily understood by others, and the ability
to understand the statements that people convey verbally.

c. Ability to submit statements.

If you want to convey a statement that is easily understood by others, you must have the
following abilities. First the right words and according to the purpose to be conveyed,
second, arrange words into simple sentences that are easy to understand. Third, deliver
sentences to lan people verbally. In order to be easily understood, the de livery of
language verbally needs to be accompanied by gestures (sign language).

d. Ability to Understand Other People's Statement

In order to have a good conversation with others, you must have the ability to
understand the other person's statement. You can do this in a way. The first, catching
or hearing the words that are spoken or spoken and movements. The second,
understands the intent contained in the sentence. Third, to facilitate understanding of
other people's statements, you must also pay attention to gestures that contain sign
language.3

The Ability To Make Sentences As The Basic Capital Of Conversation

In the previous description it has been explained that in principle the ability in conversation is
the ability to convey statements that can be understood by others and the ability to understand
the statements conveyed by other people. To be able to achieve this capability, you need basic
capital consisting of the following. First, understanding a number of words commonly used in
daily life (daily vocabulary). The second is the ability to make sentences that are easily
understood by others.

Conversation skills are skills in making sentences.

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L. Gardiner. 1999. Standard Method Of Specifying For Minor Works. Hal.44
Conversational ability is the ability to make sentences. Communication will run smoothly if
you can already make sentences that are easily understood by others. To be able to make such
claims, you must do the following.

a. Choosing the right words and relevant to the things discussed in the conversation.

b. Arrange the words in a simple form by using a simple grammar so that you will
experience many difficulties in learning it.

The essence of the sentence in the conversation consists of actors and events

Every time you read open written in any language, you will often find various sentences
that are long and contain complicated meanings. Such sentences are not effective if used for
everyday conversation. Therefore, you need to get used to making simple sentences which of
course will be better understood by others. As a first step, you must first understand the form
of sentences or intents or essence of the sentence basically.

Sentenc e or essence of the sentence which basically consists of the following things.

a. Actor or subject. Namely the person who is the center of the conversation of the
sentence delivered in the conversation.

b. Events, that are all events that are directly or indirectly related to the actor or subject
in that sentence.

Keep in mind as long as any sentence is made, in essence it is only a pattern of relationships
between actors and events. If this is understood, it is easy to talk and understand in a
conversation.

a. Understand the perpetrator

Various types in English need to be understood correctly because certain types of actors
will influence the form of sentences, especially in the use of verbs and to be as one form
of auxiliary verbs.

b. Understanding events

The form of events in English greatly influences the form of sentences made. Therefo
re, you need to understand the form of events in English which consists of 2 parts as
follows.

- eve nts in the form of verbs.

Exa mple: I go to the office every day.

(go ing in the sentence is a working word.)

- e vents that are not verbs.

E xample: he is wealthy now.

 (rich or prosperous in the sentence is not a verb.)

1. Verbal sentences and Non-verbal sentences

Based on events in sentences, broadly speaking sentences in English consist of 2 types as

follows.

- verbal sentence, which is a sentence containing a verb, like the previous example, which if
written in English is the sentence as follows.

I go to office everyday

Examples of verbs that can be used in verbal sentences include eat, drink, study, read, write,
sing, play, cry, and swim.

non-verbal sentence, i.e. a sentence containing a verb, as well as the example above, if it is
written in English it becomes as follows.

He is rich now

Pay attention to sentences that do not contain verbs as above. The sentence should not be
translated by simply stringing the words "He rich now". Note the word "is" after the actor "He
'. examples of words that are not verbs and can be used in sentences for a conversation in non-
verbal sentences including happy, sad, handsome, thin, beutiful, ugly. All sentences used by
these words cannot be made simply by just arranging words.

2. Understanding To Be A Form Of Help Verbs

The sentence in an English conversation contains a verb so that if there is no verb, the sentence
must use an auxiliary verb. The example of the phrase "I go to office every day" shows the
verb, which is to go. To make these sentences in English, there are just words (I), (go) (to),
(office) and (everyday).

Meanwhile, in the sentence "he is rich now" there is no verb. Therefore, the sentence cannot be
made by simply stringing (he), (rich), (now). The sentence becomes as follows.

He is rich now.

From the description that an English language sentence in a conversation contains a verb, the
verb must use the verb banttuyang one of them to be. The type of be used that is used must be
in accordance with the type of perpetrator and the time of occurrence of the event in the sentence
made. The types to be are as follows.

The perpetrator Type to be Type tobe

(present tense) (past tense)
I Am Was
We Are Were
You Are Were
He Is Was
 She Is Was
It Is Was
Tony Is Was
Marry Is Was
They Are Were
Tony and Mery Are Were

The Main Tool used to Create a Conversation

In order to communicate fluently, of course we have to make a java question. For that, we need
the ultimate tool in doing the question of interrogative pronoun.

Who
When
Where
Why
What
How
Question askers how, what, and who. In practice, these pronouns can experience the following
developments.

How many times

How much
What time
What day
What date
What month
What year
Whit whom

Steps in Making Conversational Sentences

In order to be able to practice directly making conversation sentences in English language

quickly, you need to do the following.

1. Specifically identifying the statement to be conveyed.

2. Identify the perpetrators of the events in the statement.
3. Seeing the form of the relationship between the actor and the event in the statement
so that the conversation can be made in the correct sentence form.
4. The sentences that have been made correctly are then conveyed with correct speech.or
delivered in writing for the purposes of correspondence.4

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Hakim.T.2008.Cara Termudah Membuat kalimat Percakapan Bahasa Inggris.hal. : 02-20
Making Conversation Sentences Using Simple Tables

In making conversational sentences in English with ease and speed, and not only rely
on English language lessons that you have learned in school or place of the course. For that,
you need a method that is easy, fast, practical, and effective so that you don't get caught up in
using English grammar. However, you still have to learn long-winded English Grammar. And
it makes you find it difficult to speak English. However, you still have to learn English
Grammar so that the sentences and sayings do not cause misunderstanding to the other person.5

Table of the fastest methods for making conversation sentences.

Sentence form Key question and answer Preposition

Inggris Sentence introgative and Inggris
negative
#am-are-is (present) Ok *KK=verb
#was-were ( past tense) KK1-KK2-KK3
KK1 Do **P=perpetrator
KKI +s/es ( to P3) Does P3=perpetrator ke-3
KK2 past tense Did singular ( he ,she ,it
,Amir,etc)
# am –are-is + ing Ok #=to be
(present)
# was –were=ing (past
tense)
Have +KK3 Ok After have has, had, to
Has+KK3(to P3) be = been
Had+KK3 ( present)
Shall / will Ok To be used after shall ,
Should / would (present) will, should, and would
is be

Preliminary steps using tables

The table above is used to make any sentence that you want to uncover when having a
conversation in English, before saying the sentence, you must clearly see the actors, events, and
relationships between the two. The relationship between the actors and events in the sentence
will be seen in forms.

1. Actors relate to events that are not verbs. For example in the sentence "He is at home now">
for sentences like this, you can make it by looking at the instructions number 1 in the table. See
line 1 on the table that reads without KK which means no verb.

2. Actors and events are directly related without other words interspersed. For example "I work
at the office every day". In this sentence, the actor, (me) and the event (working) are related
without any other words. You can make a sentence like this by looking at the number 2 in the

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Jean Yates,Phd.2012.English Conversation.hal.160
table. See row number 2 in the table that reads "P + KK which means" Actor + Verb "which
shows the relationship between the actor and the verb without interspersed with the word lian.

3. Between the perpetrators and the verb without being punctuated by other words ". "Tony is
playing guitar". You can make a sentence like this by looking at clue number 3 on the table that
says "medium".

4. Among the actors and verbs interspersed with the word "already". For example in the
sentence "I Have Eaten". You can make this sentence using the number 4 hint on the table that
says "already".

5. Among the actors and verbs interspersed by the word "will". For example in the sentence
"Mary will face the exam next week." You can make a sentence like this by using clue number
5 in the table that says "Will".

Practice of Using Tables to Make Conversational Sentences

Table 1.

English sentence form

 am-are-is use simple present.

 Was-were use simple past tense .

English sentence form

 Present form ( Now he is rich.)

 Past tense form ( Formerly he was poor).

See the key question and answer column.

O.K means that question and answer can be done by using the words contained in the column
in the English sentence form (the previous column). Note the location of the words am, are, is
and were.

A : Was he rich formerly /

B : No, he was not / No he wasn’t .

Formerly he was poor.

A : Is rich now.

B : Yes, he it.

Table 2

English sentence form

  KK1 ( kata kerja to -1 ) use to present tense.
 KK1+ s/es use to P3 (perpetrator ke-3 ).P3 = he , she ,it, and one person name.
 KK 2( verb to-2 ) use to simple past tense.
English sentence formation
 Form present
John goes to school everyday.
 Form past tense.
John went to the book shop last Sunday.

See the question and answer column.

Do and does means that the question and answer can be done by using the words do (if the
culprit is in addition to the third actor) or does (if the culprit is the 3rd actor) in a sentence not
past. Did it mean that question and answer can be done with Word did in the past sentence

A : Does John go to the book shop everyday ?

B : No , he does not / No, he doesn’t.

A : Does John go to the school everyday?

B : Yes, he does.

Tabel 3

English sentence form

 Am-are+ing use to sentence present.

 Was-were + ing use to sentence past tense.
 English sentence formation
 Form present ( I am playing football now.)
 Form past tense ( I was sleeping when it rained yesterday.)

See the key question and answer column

O.K. meaning that the conversation or question and answer can be done using to be by simply
changing the location as described below.

The form of past conversation

A : Are you playing pingpong now?

B : No , I am not.

Table 4

English sentence form

 Have + KK3 use to present.

Has +KK3 used for the present time and the culprit is the perpetrator to- 3
 (she , he ,it John, and Marry).
 Had +KK3 use for to the past .
English sentence formulation
 Form present ( I have eaten rice this morning).
 Form past tense ( I had watched that film last night).

See the key question and answer column

O.K. meaning that conversation or question and answer can be done using have, has, and had.
By simply changing the location as below.

A : Have you eaten a piece of bread this morning ?

B : No , I have / No ,I haven’t .6

Important Things For Development Of Conversational Capabilities

Conversations about various daily living conditions that have not been accompanied by
examples of how to start conversations, greetings, farewells, congratulations, and thanks. Here
are some things to develop conversation skills.

a.Greet and answers

Greet Answers
Hello Hello
Hi Hai
How do you do ? How do you do
How are you ? Fine, thanks.

b.greeting

Good morning
Good day
Good afternoon

c.farewell speech

Good bye
So long
See you
See you later
Till we meet again

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Simanjuntak.H.2004.Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52M1.Hal.124-136.
 Good luck

d.greetings send greetings

Please send (give) my regard to Marry

Please send my greeting to Amir
Please say hello to your sister
Please give my rememberance to your family
Please send my best love to Amy

e.apologies

I am sorry
I am very sorry you are ill
Excusme for coming late
Forgive me please
Just for it

f.thank you -note

Thank you very much

Thanks
I am very grateful
I am deepy indepted
I appreciate your help

g.Vocabulary

Vocabulary can be deined as’’word we must to communicate effectively ; words in speaking

(expressive vocabulay) and word in listening (receptive vocablay) (Neuman
&Dwyer,2009,p.385) .In increasing your vocabulary, you should select the words that you want
to understand are the correct words you need in a conversation. If you want in the conversation
you also choose the words that are commonly used. Words that are in the dictionary are not
necessarily words that are commonly used so that if the tone of use in a conversation will make
it difficult for people to understand. You can use Vocabulary often by reading up-to-date
writings in newspapers, magazines, etc. For that also must be critical in choosing quality
reading.

h.Grammar

Many people want to speak English but don't want to study grammar at all because they think
this can make it difficult to be able to speak English properly. As with the vocabulary, the
grammar you need to be able to speak English is grammar that suits your needs to speak the
right sentence. You should learn grammar with practical methods as explained.
i.Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the production of a sound sytem which doesn’t interfere with communication
either from the speakers or the listener viewpoint (Paulston & Burder,1976). Pronunciation of
words in the correct sentence will determine whether the sentence you say can be understood
by other people or not. To be able to pronounce the pronunciation correctly. You have to hear
the correct words from other people who speak English. Besides that you can hear English
words correctly from tapes, movies, friends who can speak English well, English teachers,
strangers, etc. One of the principles that you must hold in the pronunciation of sentences in
English is to minimize the understanding of others. For this reason, it should also be noted that
you pronounce the correct pronunciation in a clear voice and with moderate speed.

j.Listening comprehension

Attempts to understand the words of others in English often bring their own difficulties.
Especially if the person speaking is a native speaker who generally speaks quickly. Besides
that, pronunciation is influenced by the background of the environment. You must really try to
hear and understand the intent behind someone's sentence. Therefore, listening competence
must be trained on various occasions.

k.Language and sentence style

Everyone who learns English will certainly be influenced by language as the most mastered
language. This influence is due to someone translating the words from the language into
English. This can cause misinterpretation because the person will speak English not in English.
These difficulties can be minimized by learning practical and correct English grammar. Besides
that, by reading and communicating with native speakers, it can minimize this difficulty.

l. Join the conversation club

The benefits that can be obtained from this method besides being able to practice to speak
English with the correct pronunciation, you can also practice listening comperehesion to
understand the English sentences spoken by other people. Of course this is more useful if you
can join the clun conversation that has native speakers so that you can more easily understand
English sentences spoken by native speakers who generally speak quickly.

m. Talk to native speakers

If you understand the English language sentences of English language sentences spoken by
native speakers it can be said that your English language skills are good enough. Therefore try
to find opportunities and environments that allow you to hear the words of a native speaker.
You can hear the words of a native speaker by listening to tapes of foreign language lessons. 7

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Cristopher.C.,Joel Greenblatt,Paul Johnson,and Seth.A.Klarman.2013.The Most Important Thing
Illuminated.hal.40
Conversational Style

Some individuals expect that participation in conversation will be very active, that speaking
rate will relatively fast, with almost no pousing within turns, and with some overlap or even
completion of the other’s turn. This is one conversation style. It has been called a hight
involvement style. It differs subtantially from another style in which speaker use a slower rate,
expect longer pauses within turns, do not overlap, and avoid interruption or completion of the
other’s turn. This non-interrupting, non imposing stlye has been called a hight consideretenes
style. Intead, the more rapid-fire speaker may think the slower-paced spaeker just does’t have
much to say, it shy , and perhaps boring or even stupid. In return, he or she is likely to be viewed
as noisy, pushy, domineering, selfish, and even tiresome. Features on conversational style will
often be interpreted as personality traits.

There aret two style taht are a hight involvement style and hight considerateness sytle.

a. A hight involvement style, where participation from some individuals in a conversation

will be very relatively fast, with almost no pausing between turn, and with some overlap
or even completion of the other’s turn.
b. A hight considerateness style, in this style speakers use a slower rate, expect longer
pauses between turn, do not overlap, and avoid interruption or completio of the other’s
turn9 non –interrupting, non-inposing style).8

Conclusion

In conversations there is a lot to know, in a conversation it's not just about talking but how the
conversation can be understood by the listener. The conversation must also use the right
language and the right people, when we are in our environment, we can use informal language
conversations, but when we are around the older of us, we must formally use conversations.
Conversation must pay attention to the surroundings.

conversations many things must be known both from the preparation of the conversation itself,
which consists of various things both from the steps of making a good conversation sentence.
A sentence arranged with close grammar can make the listener more quickly understand and
use vocabuary which is often heard and often used everyday.

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BlythC.2009.The Art of Conversation.hal.27
Conversations that are already understood when we can form a good and close sentence, so that
a sentence that we convey is truly understood. The ability in conversation has concluded that a
good conversation must practice and learn how to have a good conversation. Conversations that
pay attention to grammar and pronunciation. And good conversations are created with the
environment itself. If we are in a smart environment in English, we automatically get a good
conversation.

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BlythC.2009.The Art of Conversation.English:Gotham Books.

Brendan Heasley.1994.English in Use.Jakarta.Erlangga.

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Important Thing Illuminated.Amerika: Columbia Bussiness School.

Dadang Dachjar.2007.English Conversation.Yogyakarta.CV Andi Offset.

L. Gardiner. 1999. Standard Method Of Specifying For Minor Works.Francis. Leslie Gardiner
Hakim.T.2008.Cara Termudah Membuat kalimat Percakapan Bahasa Inggris.Jakarta.Kawan
Pustaka.
Imam Baehaqi.2010.Practical English Conversation.Yogyakarta.Cakrawala Ilmu.

Jean Yates,Phd.2012.English Conversation.

Jack C. Richards.1990. The Language Teaching Matrix. Cambridge University Press.

Simanjuntak.H.2004.Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52M1.Bekasi.Kesaint Blanc Anggota IKAPI.

Slamet Riyanto.2007.The Road Speak English Fluently.Yogyakarta.Pustaka Pelajar.

The Art of Wondering,1988.