CE0015 – Fundamentals of Surveying
Problem Set no. 1
Corrections for Horizontal Measurements
1. A 50-m tape was standardized and was found to be 0.0042 m long than the standard length at an
observed temperature of 58°C and a pull of 15 kg. The same tape was used to measure a certain
distance and was recorded to be 673.92 m long at an observed temperature of 68°C and a pull of
15 kg.
a. Determine the standard temperature
b. Determine the total correction
c. Determine the true length of the line
2. A baseline was measured using a 100-m tape which is standardized at 15°C at a pull of 10 kg. The
recorded distance was found to be 430.60 meters. At the time of measurement, the temperature
was 20°C and the pull exerted was 16 kg. The cross-sectional area is 0.034 cm2. Use E = 2 x 10^6
kg/cm^2 and coefficient of thermal expansion of 7 x 10^-7/°C.
a. Determine the total correction.
b. Find the length of the baseline.
3. A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.45 kg is of standard length under a pull of 5 kg, supported for full
length. The tape was used in measuring a line, 938.55 m long on a smooth level ground under a
steady pull of 10 kg. Assuming E = 2.0 x 10^6 kg/cm^2 and the unit weight of steel to be 7.9 x 10^-
3 kg/cm^2,
a. Determine the cross-sectional area of the tape, in cm^2
b. Calculate the correction for increase in tension per tape length
c. Determine the correct length of the line.
4. A civil engineer used a 30-m tape in measuring an inclined distance. The measured length on the
slope was recorded to be 45920 m long. The difference between the initial point and the end
point was found to be 1.25 m. The tape is of standard length at a temperature of 10°C and a pull
of 50 N. During the measurement, the temperature reading was 15°C and the tape was supported
only at the end points with an applied pull of 75 N. The cross-sectional area of the tape is
6.50mm^2 and the modulus of elasticity is 200,000 N/mm^2. The tape has a mass of 0.075 kg/m.
Use c = 0.0000116/°C.
a. Determine the total correction per tape length
b. Determine the correction for slope
c. Determine the correct horizontal distance.
5. A surveyor used a 100-m tape which is of standard length at 32°C in measuring a certain distance
and found out that the length of tape has different lengths at different tensions applied as shown.
Use c = 0.0000116/°C.
Length of Tape Applied Tension
99.986 m 10 kg
99.992 m 14 kg
100.003 m 20 kg
a. What tension must be applied to the tape at a temperature of 32°C so that it would be
of standard length?
b. What tension must be applied to the tape at a temperature of 40.6°C so that it can be
of standard length?
6. A 50-m tape of standard length has a weight of 0.05 kg/m, with a cross-sectional area of 0.04
cm^2 and modulus of elasticity of 2.10 x 10^6 kg/cm^2. The tape is of standard length under a
pull of 5.5 kg when supported throughout its length at a temperature of 20°C. This tape was used
to measure a distance between A and B and was recorded to be 458.65 m long. At the time of
measurement, the pull applied was 8 kg with the tape supported only at its end points at 18°C.
a. Compute for the correction due to pull
b. Compute for the correction due to the weight of the tape.
c. Compute for the true length of line AB due to the combined effects of sag, pull, and
temperature.
