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Skill 13-14

The document discusses reduced clauses in English, including reduced adjective clauses and reduced adverb clauses. It provides rules for how and when clauses can be reduced, including omitting connectors and changing verbs. Examples are given of reduced clauses and exercises are provided for students to identify reduced clauses and determine if sentences are correct.

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Nur Mutiah
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1K views21 pages

Skill 13-14

The document discusses reduced clauses in English, including reduced adjective clauses and reduced adverb clauses. It provides rules for how and when clauses can be reduced, including omitting connectors and changing verbs. Examples are given of reduced clauses and exercises are provided for students to identify reduced clauses and determine if sentences are correct.

Uploaded by

Nur Mutiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENTENCES WITH REDUCED

CLAUSES
Muh. Rifqi, S.Pd., M.TESOL
It is possible in English for a clause to appear
in a complete form or in a reduced form.
SKILL 13: USE REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
CORRECTLY
• Adjective clauses can appear in a reduced form. In the reduced form,
the adjective clause connector and the be-verb that directly follow it
are omitted.
Cont.
If there is no be-verb in the adjective clause, it is still possible to have a
reduced form. When there is no be-verb in the adjective clause, the
connector is omitted and the verb is changed into the -ing form.
Cont.
It should be noted that not all adjective clauses can appear in a
reduced form. An adjective clause can appear in a reduced form only if
the adjective clause connector is followed directly by a verb. In other
words, an adjective clause can only be reduced if the connector is also
a subject.
Cont.
• A final point to note is that some adjective clauses are set off from
the rest of the sentence with commas, and these adjective clauses
can also be reduced. In addition, when an adjective clause is set off
with commas, the reduced adjective clause can appear at the front of
the sentence.
Contoh Soal
_____ on several different television programs, the witness gave
conflicting accounts of what had happened.
(A) He appeared
(B) Who appeared
(C) Appearing
(D) Appears
The following chart lists the structure for reduced adjective clauses and
rules for how and when reduced forms can be used:
EXERCISE 13: Each of the following sentences contains an adjective clause, in a
complete or reduced form. Underline the adjective clauses. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
SKILL 14: USE REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES CORRECTLY

Adverb clauses can also appear in a reduced form. In the reduced form,
the adverb connector remains, but the subject and be-verb are
omitted.
Cont.
If there is no no-verb in the adverb clause, it is still possible to have a
reduced form. When there is no be-verb in the adverb clause, the
subject is omitted and the main verb is changed into the –ing form.
Contoh Soal
When _____, you are free to leave.
(A) the finished report
(B) finished with the report
(C) the report
(D) is the report finished
Cont
It should be noted that not all adverb clauses can appear in a reduced
form, and a number of adverb clauses can only be reduced if the verb is
in the passive form.
The following chart lists the structures for reduced adverb clauses and
which adverb clause connectors can be used in a reduced form:
EXERCISE 14: Each of the following sentences contains a reduced adverb clause.
Circle the adverb connectors. Underline the reduced clauses. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
EXERCISE (Skills 13-14): Each of the following sentences contains a reduced clause.
Underline the reduced clauses. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 13-14): Choose the letter of the word or
group of words that best completes the sentence.
Cont.
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-14)
Cont.
References
• Rogers, B. (2007). Complete Guide to the TOEFL (R) Test. Thomson
Heinle.

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