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Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

This document discusses various electrical engineering thumb rules and equations. It provides formulas for calculating things like form factor and peak factor for sinusoidal current, average and RMS values related to maximum value, converting AC to DC current, phase differences between phases, short circuit cable capacity, sizing of earthing strips, most economical voltage distances, cable voltage drop percentages, transmission line spacing, sizing of lightning arrestors, system voltage ratings, load factor calculations, demand factor, diversity factor, plant capacity factor, voltage and current variations, and motor full load current. The document is written by an electrical engineer with the goal of sharing knowledge on these topics. Several readers thank the author and ask additional questions in the comments.

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Electrical Radical
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340 views2 pages

Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

This document discusses various electrical engineering thumb rules and equations. It provides formulas for calculating things like form factor and peak factor for sinusoidal current, average and RMS values related to maximum value, converting AC to DC current, phase differences between phases, short circuit cable capacity, sizing of earthing strips, most economical voltage distances, cable voltage drop percentages, transmission line spacing, sizing of lightning arrestors, system voltage ratings, load factor calculations, demand factor, diversity factor, plant capacity factor, voltage and current variations, and motor full load current. The document is written by an electrical engineer with the goal of sharing knowledge on these topics. Several readers thank the author and ask additional questions in the comments.

Uploaded by

Electrical Radical
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/15/2019 Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles

Electrical Notes & Articles

Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.

Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

AUGUST 6, 2013 17 COMMENTS


(HTTPS://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2013/08/06/ELECTRICAL-THUMB-RULES-
PART-2/#COMMENTS)

Useful Equations:

For Sinusoidal Current : Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value=1.11


For Sinusoidal Current : Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value =1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current(Iav)=0.637xIm (Im= Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current(Irms)=0.707xIm (Im= Max.Value)
A.C Current=D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Difference between Phase= 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360°,2Phase=360/2=180°)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/√ Short Circuit Time (Sec)
Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip(mm2) =√(Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating
Time of Disconnected Device ) / K
K=Material Factor, K for Cu=159, K for Alu=105, K for steel=58 , K for GI=80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance=5.5x√ ((km/1.6)+(kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop(%)=(1.732xcurrentx(RcosǾ+jsinǾ)x1.732xLength (km)x100)/(Volt(L-L)x
Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18x (P-P Volt) + (2x (Span in
Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighting Arrestor = √hx (2D-h) + (2D+L). Where h= height of L.A, D-distance
of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=Vxt (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge Time).
Size of Lighting Arrestor= 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5x (System Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System= 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV=1.1×66=72.6KV)
Load Factor=Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) =you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load
Factor may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical Application.
Demand Factor= Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
Diversity Factor= Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
Plant Factor(Plant Capacity)= Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor=Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation(1 to 1.5%)= ((Average Voltage-Min Voltage)x100)/Average Voltage

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10/15/2019 Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2) | Electrical Notes & Articles

Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460-455) x100)/455=1.1%.


Current Variation(10%)= ((Average Current-Min Current)x100)/Average Current
Ex:30A,35A,30A, Current Variation=((35-31.7)x100)/31.7=10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary=TC (VA) x100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current= Kw /1.732xKVxP.FxEfficiency

FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED

About Jignesh.Parmar
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of
Institution of Engineers (MIE) and CEng,India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has more than 16
years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical
Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He
is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at
Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in “Electrical Mirror”, “Electrical
India”, “Lighting India”,”Smart Energy”, “Industrial Electrix”(Australian Power Publications)
Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical
Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi,
Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical
enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.

17 Responses to Electrical Thumb Rules (Part-2)

kashif hussain says:


August 6, 2013 at 3:15 pm
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/√ Short Circuit Time (Sec)
……….what and why is 0.094?.. thanks in advance

Reply
Edward Carlos Donkoh says:
August 6, 2013 at 4:58 pm
i so grateful the information,PLEASE I WILL like to know how to calculate surge circuit breaker

Reply
P.Sivanpandi says:
August 6, 2013 at 11:17 pm
One small issue in our plant to find the neutral line
all phases are giving correct voltge level with phase to neutral also if we give supply to appliance
it ge ing off 4 days we are tried to find the problem finally we got the answer that neutral line is
disconnected earth line acting neutral line
in this case how can judge and find the neutral line fault

Reply
[email protected] says:
August 7, 2013 at 3:26 am
Thanks for sharing the knowledge. Keep sending.

Regards

Vipul Kadakia
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