FY03 INSTRUCTOR'S LESSON PLAN

COURSE: National Electrical Code COURSE CONTROL NO: 078

SUBJECT: Motors Lighting & Equipment INSTRUCTOR: Mark McNamara

SECTION: 4 (part I)

TIME PERIOD (TOTAL): 4 hrs DEVELOPER: Mark McNamara

TYPE of LESSON: Lecture

TRAINING AIDS: Powerpoint presentation File # Section 4 Part1 workbook Aug03.ppt,

Proxima, laptop computer with remote mouse, screen; pointer. Note instructor uses
Section 4 Part 1 show Aug03.ppt file for the presentation, since it has the fly-ins.

OBJECTIVES:

At the conclusion of this session, with the use of course materials, students will be able
to accurately:

1. Identify the various types of equipment or installations that allows flexible cords
and cables to be used.
2. Determine if a panel board is a lighting and appliance panel board or a power
panel board.
3. Determine when end-to-end fluorescent lighting fixtures can be used as a
raceway for circuit conductors.
4. Identify an appliance.
5. Identify the markings on motor nameplates.
6. Identify the various tables used for sizing motor protection.

This part covers Chapter 4 in the National Electric Code (NEC) with emphasis on the
following Articles:
Article 400 Flexible Cords and Cables
Article 404 Switches
Article 406 Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs
Article 408 Switchboards and Panelboards
Article 410 Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), Lampholders, Lamps,
Article 422 Appliances
Article 424 Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment
Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
Only part of Article 430 is covered in Part 1 due to the size of the Article and the
importance of the Article.

These are not covered formally during the class, but if someone has a question it is
discussed.
Article 402 Fixture Wires.
Article 411 Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less
Article 426 Fixed Outdoor Electric Deicing and Snow-Melting Equipment.
Article 427 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipeline and Vessels.

Test Questions: Test questions are in file: posttestnec04 Aug03.doc.

The following test questions pertain to Articles covered in Part 2:
- Question 6 pertains to Articles 424.
- Question 7 pertains to Article 430.
- Question 8 pertains to Articles 445 and 450.
- Question 9 pertains to Article 450.
- Question 10 pertains to Article 430.
Note that the test questions put an emphasis on material covered in Part 2 of the
lecture. That is where considerable importance is placed. The homework questions
compliment this by placing emphasis on material covered in Part 1.

6. A disconnect for a fixed electric space heater (without supplementary overcurrent

protection devices) must be:

a. Within sight
b. Lockable in the closed position
c. Lockable in the open position
d. Within sight or lockable in the open position
Answer: d – 424.19(B)(2)(2)

7. A motor disconnect switch does not have to be within sight of its motor where such a
location introduces additional or increased hazards to persons or property. This
condition requires the disconnecting means to be:

Explosionproof.
a.
Lockable in the open position. **
b.
A fused switch
c.
A circuit breaker
d.
Answer: b – 430.102(B)Exception(a)

8. A separately derived system is a system where:

a. There is a direct electrical connection between the different sources of power.

b. There is not a direct electrical connection between two different sources of
 power. **
The phase conductors are connected together under all conditions.
c.
The system must be mathematically derived.
d.
Answer: b – definition 100

9. Where the overcurrent protective device is provided on the primary only for a
transformer rated 600 volts or less, the protective device shall be set to open at
125% of rated primary current if:

The transformer primary is less than 2 amperes.

a.
The transformer primary is less than 9 amperes.
b.
The transformer primary is greater than 9 amperes. **
c.
The transformer secondary is greater than 9 amperes.
d.
Answer: c – Table 450.3(B)

10. Motor controllers with a straight voltage rating of 480 volts can be used on voltage
systems rated:

208 volts only.

a.
480 volts only.
b.
480 volts and 480/277 volts. **
c.
600 volts.
d.
Answer: c – 430.83(E)

Homework Questions: Homework questions are in file: section4 homework 02.doc

The following homework questions pertain to Articles covered in Part 1:

- Question 1 pertains to Article 400
- Question 2 pertains to Article 406
- Question 3 pertains to Article 408
- Question 5 pertains to Article 422
- Question 6 pertains to Articles 422, 424, 430 and 440 (Part 2).
-
1. Flexible cords and cables shall be used for:
a. wiring of luminaires
b. connection of portable lamps and appliances
c. elevator cables
d. All of the above.
Answer: d – 400.7

2. A snap switch shall be considered effectively grounded if the following is met:

a. An equipment grounding conductor is connected to an equipment grounding
termination of the snap switch.
b. The switch is mounted with metal screws to a metal box
 c. The snap switch is installed per a or b above
d. None of the above.
Answer: c – a meets 404.9(B)(1) and b meets 404.9(B)(2)

3. 15 or 20 amp, 125V or 250V Receptacles installed in a wet location:

a. If attended, the receptacle needs to have the enclosure, which is
weatherproof, only when plug is removed.
b. Shall be a normal receptacle used indoors.
c. Shall be black.
d. Shall have an enclosure, which is weatherproof, whether or not the plug is
inserted or not.
Answer: d – 406.8(B)(1)

5. Luminaires shall not be used as a raceway for circuit conductors unless they meet
the following condition(s):
a. The luminaire is listed and marked for use as a raceway.
b. The luminaires are designed for end-to-end assembly to form a continuous
assembly.
c. The luminaires are connected together by recognized wiring methods.
d. All of the above.
Answer: d – a meets 410.31; b meets 410.32; c meets 410.32

6. Permanently connected appliances over 300 VA or 1/8 hp shall allow branch-circuit

circuit breakers to serve as the disconnect when:
a. The breaker is within sight of the appliance
b. The breaker is capable of being locked in the open position
c. The breaker is installed per a or b above
d. None of the above
Answer: c – 422.31(B)

INSTRUCTOR REFERENCES: NFPA 70 (National Electric Code), Soares Grounding

by IAEI.

STUDENT REFERENCES AND HOMEWORK: Student workbooks

PROPONENT APPROVAL: DATE:____________________

CEHR-P APPROVAL: DATE:____________________

 TIME AID CUES LESSON OUTLINE

10 min Introduction Introduction and tie in. Introduce subject: provide its
Powerpoint importance and how it ties in to other topics, introduce
presentation objectives, and provide brief overview of what will be
covered on this topic.

Lecture Discuss material using Powerpoint presentation.

Powerpoint
Presentation

10 min Summary Summarize important points and relationships. Answer

questions. Review objectives.
CHAPTER 4: Motors, Lighting and Equipment (Part I)
4-hours. (Typically Monday & Wednesday morning). Breaks are typically 10 minutes
long and done every hour. Total 30-40 minutes minimum break time. Avg is 2.5
minutes a slide.

Slide 078-04-1:
Partial List of Articles in Chapter 4 of the NEC.
These items will be covered in Part I.

Slide 078-04-2:
Partial List of the Chapter 4 Articles. These
items will be covered in Part 1. Article 430 will
be completed in Part II.

Slide 078-04-3:
Discussion on the new and relocated code
articles.

1
 Slide 078-04-4:
Flexible Cords and Cables are described in Table
440.4. Read section 400.4. Table covers several
parameters regarding the cord or cable. Example
of improper use. New in 2002 was the addition of
voltage. Voltage markings on flexible cords and
cables are optional. The addition of voltage to the
table allows the user to find the voltage rating when
not marked on the cable. The example shows that
voltage needs to be taken into account when using
cord and cables. SJ cord is rated 300 Volts.

Slide 078-04-5:
Article 400 – Cords and Cables ampacity. Table
400.5(A). Read Section 400.5. The article
discusses the current carrying capacity
requirements for cables and cords. Depends on
number of current carrying conductors and the
cable construction type in order to determine. Note
4-wire is 3 phase, neutral.

Slide 078-04-6:
Article 400 – 400.7 Uses Permitted.
Item 2 note luminaire instead of fixture was a 2002
change.
Item 6 in 2002 the word stationary was replaced
with utilization. This was to make it understood
that the item didn’t have to be permanently fixed.
Other items not covered shown on the slide, but are
permitted:
Data processing cables as permitted by
645.5, Connection of moving parts (good example is a hangar door) and Temporary
wiring as permitted in Section s 5.27.4(B) and 527.4(C). Temporary construction is
limited to what is given in 527.3.

2
Slide 078-04-7:
Article 400 – Installations are not permitted -
400.8
Item 5 – 2002 added above suspended ceilings.
Item 6 not shown. Installations are not permitted in
raceways except as otherwise permitted by the
Code.
Mention Article 402 before next slide.

Slide 078-04-8:
Article 404 covers all switches, switching devices
and circuit breakers where used as switches.
Circuit breakers used as switches are to be marked
for that use. See Section 240.83D.

Slide 078-04-9:
Accessibility and Grouping.

Slide 078-04-10:
*****Note that there has been a change to add
the wording circuit breakers in the exception.
This slide is not correct. Wording shown is
wording from 1999 Code.

3
 Slide 078-04-11:

Slide 078-04-12:
Article 404 – Switches. 404.8(B) Voltage
Between Adjacent Devices.
New Article in 2002.
The example shows two switches which have 277V
on different phases. The box has no divider,
therefore, there is 480V between the phases. This
is in violation of the code that limits it to max of
300V. *****need to correct slide with missing gnd

Slide 078-04-13:
Article 404 – 404.9(B) Grounding of Snap-
Switches.
This slides talks about the proper grounding of
switches and receptacles.
(1) switch is mounted with metal screws to
a metal box.
(2) An equipment grounding conductor or
equipment bonding jumper is connected
to an equipment grounding termination
on the snap switch. The wording “and similar control switches” was added in
2002 to make it clear that timers and fan control switches must be effectively
grounded. *****need to correct slide with missing gnd
250.126 talks about identification of wiring device terminals.

4
 Slide 078-04-14:
Article 404 - 404.14(E) Dimmer Switches
Illustration is new for the 2002 NEC. This
requirement is contained in the listing and
installation instructions for dimmers. This makes it
clear by inserting in the Code. Dimmer switches
cannot be used to control receptacles.

Slide 078-04-15:
Article 404 – 404.15(B) Off Indication
New in 2002 NEC. This was to make it clear that devices such as
electronic occupancy sensors that do not disconnect the conductor are not
to be marked OFF. These sensors can have a small current flow of 0.5 mA
even when in the expected OFF position. This is enough to surprise an
individual

Slide 078-04-16:

5
 Slide 078-04-17:
Article 406 – Receptacles, cord connectors, and
attachment plugs (caps)
– 406.8(B)(1)
New in 2002 NEC. Most of the information used to
be found in Article 410 until it was moved into this
Article.
The intent of this is to ensure that in wet locations,
the receptacle is in an enclosure which is rated for a
wet location even if there is a receptacle in use.
Take opportunity to discuss difference between damp and wet locations per Article
100.

Slide 078-04-18:
Picture of a suitable type of cover.

Slide 078-04-19:
This slide is on other receptacles besides 120V.
Slide doesn’t show the receptacles correctly for
“Other Receptacles” since the type is clearly 120V

Slide 078-04-20:

6
Slide 078-04-21:
Discuss 408.3(C). Also use this slide to discuss
408.3(E) on phase arrangement in equipment.

Slide 078-04-22:
Article 408 – Switchboards and Panelboards
– 408.4 Circuit Directory
New in 2002 NEC. Slide covers the code
requirement that panelboards and switchboards are
to have labels identifying the purpose of the circuit.
The addition of switchboards is new in 2002.

Slide 078-04-23:
Article 408 – 408.10 Clearance for conductors
entering bus enclosures.
The conduit entries can only be a maximum of 3
inches.

Slide 078-04-24:
Article 408 – 408.14(A) Classification & 408.15
Number of Overcurrent devices in one
panelboard. Start by covering 408.14.
Slide covers what a lighting and appliance branch-
circuit panelboard is and the number of poles
allowed in the panelboard. Not more than 42
overcurrent devices.

7
 Slide 078-04-25:
Article 408 – 408.14(B) & 408.15 Number of
Overcurrent devices in one panelboard.
Slide covers what a power panelboard is and the
number of poles allowed in the panelboard.
Some manufactures do have panelboards with more
than 42 poles.

Slide 078-04-26:
Article 408 – 408.16(D) Overcurrent protection
for panelboard when supplied through a
transformer.
Example is a violation. All panelboards supplied
by a three-phase, four-wire transformers must have
overcurrent protection on the secondary side of the
transformer. The exception in 240.21(C)(1) is for
single phase transformers and delta/delta
transformers. (A) Each L&A needs a main breaker;
(B) Power – within or at any point on the supply side of the panelboard; (C) Snap switch
use.

Slide 078-04-27:
Article 408 – 408.20 Grounding of Panelboards
Slide shows that the grounding conductor lug is not
to be connected to the neutral bar, except under
special conditions and that the conductor lug needs
to be a bar. “a terminal bar for the grounidng
conductors shall be secured inside the cabinet.

8
Slide 078-04-28:
Article 410 – Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures),
Lampholders, and Lamps
– 410.16(C) Support in Suspended Ceilings.
Slide is a discussion on the support requirements
for a recessed light fixture. The fixture must be
securely fastened to ceiling framing members.
Use of term luminaires is new for 2002.

Slide 078-04-29:
Article 410 - 410.31 Luminaires has raceways
(and 410.32 for those connected together which is
on the next slide.)
Read slide and discuss.

Slide 078-04-30:
Article 410 - 410.32 Wiring supplying luminaires
connected together.
Need to read and also go to the definitions on
branch-circuit, multiwire, which is found in the
front end definitions.

Slide 078-04-31:
Article 410, 210.4 and definitions.
Just a quick visual on multiwire
circuits. This is covered by Johnny
also.

9
Slide 078-04-32:
Article 410 – 410.33 Branch circuit conductors
and ballasts.
Discussion on wire type used in the luminaire.
Must have a certain temperature rating. If within 3
inches of a ballast, need 90 degree C wire unless
specifically listed. Table 310.16 indicates THHN
can as 90 and XHHW is 90.

Slide 078-04-33:
Article 410 – 410.66(B) Clearance and
installation.
Discussion on recessed fixture in a fire rated
ceiling. Note the ceiling is fire rated then 300.21
spread of fire or products of combustion –requires
the fire rated box when in a fire rated ceiling and
fire stopping.

Slide 078-04-34:
Article 410 – 410.67(C) Wiring Tap Conductors.
Discussion on use of flex and the length. May have
to see 348.10 uses of flexible metal conduit (FMC)
in order to complete the slide. Also, 250.118(6)
discusses use of this type of conduit and proper
grounding – terminated in fittings listed for
grounding, overcurrent device is a maximum of 20
amperes, length is max of 72 inches, and the
conduit is not installed for flexibility.

Slide 078-04-35:
Article 422 Appliances.
Cover the meaning of an appliance. Definition is
found in Article 100.

10
Slide 078-04-36:
Article 422 – 422.10(A) Installation Branch
Circuit Rating - Individual Circuits
Sizing of an individual branch circuit for a
nonmotor appliance under two conditions.
Definition of continuous is found in Article 100 and
is defined as where the item is expected to operate
at for 3 hours or more.

Slide 078-04-37:
Article 422 – 422.18(B) Support of Ceiling Fans
Ceiling fan support. 314.23 Supports of boxes.

Slide 078-04-38:
Article 422 – 422.31(B) Disconnection of
permanently connected appliances over 300 VA.
Location of disconnecting means for a non-motor
appliance. Must be within sight or lockable in the
open position.

Slide 078-04-39:
Definition is taken from Article 100 in definitions.

11
 Slide 078-04-40:
Article 422 – 422.60 Nameplate Marking.
Discussion on nameplate requirements for
appliances.
Need identifying name; rating in volts & amps or
rating in volts & watts. Sometimes frequency is
required is a special frequency is used.

Slide 078-04-41:
Article 424 Fixed Electric Space-Heating
Equipment
- 424.3(B) Branch Circuit Sizing
Discussion on sizing conductors and breaker for
fixed electric space-heating equipment.

Slide 078-04-42:
Article 424 – 424.19(B)(1) Disconnecting means
Example of disconnecting means for this type of
equipment

Slide 078-04-43:
Article 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
- Figure 430.1 Article 430 Contents
Slide shows the basic layout of this section.

12
Slide 078-04-44:

Slide 078-04-45
Article 430
Slide shows the basic structure of an individual
motor circuit and the various locations to find how
to size and/or calculate various elements. Ties in
with the previous slide. Just provide the
information. This is more to see where to start
looking. I didn’t give them 3. in previous slide.
Part II – 290; Part IV – 295; VII – 301; III – 292.

Slide 078-04-46
Part IX – 304; Part VI – 299; Part II – 290

Slide 078-04-47:
Article 430 – Part I - 430.6(A)(1) Ampacity
requirements for general motor applications
Makes it clear that despite nameplate
information, most motor calculations will

13
require the use of Tables in the code to determine the branch-circuit short-circuit
protection, conductor and switches.

Slide 078-04-48:
Article 430 – Part I - 430.6(A)(2) Ampacity
requirements for overload sizing
Makes it clear the nameplate data is to be used
for the overload sizing.

Slide 078-04-49:
Just another slide stating it again.
*****Not sure this one is needed

Slide 078-04-50:
Article 430 – 430.7 Markings on motors.
Picture of a motor nameplate. Paragraph 430.7
indicates the type of information required to be
on a nameplate.

Slide 078-04-51:
Article 430 – 430.7 Markings on motors.
Discussion on the meaning of the nameplate items.

Nameplate Data
The National Electrical Manufacturer's
Association (NEMA) specifies that every motor

14
nameplate must show these specific items: Manufacturer's Name; Rated volts and full
load amps; Rated frequency & number of phases; Rated full load speed; Rated
temperature rise or the insulation system class; Time rating; Rated horsepower; Locked
rotor indicating code letter; Service Factor; Efficiency; Frame Size; and Design Code.
(This is items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 with service factor, efficiency, and frame size.)
Additional information will normally appear on most nameplates.

(1) Manufactures Name is self explanatory.

(2) Rated Volts And Full Load Amps. Motors will operate at a variety of line voltages,
the most common being 230 and 460. These motors will operate according to NEMA
limits at rated voltage.

Line voltage will fluctuate due to a variety of factors. Therefore, every motor must be
designed to handle these voltage variations. Motors typically can withstand voltage
variation of plus or minus 10%, so a 230 Volt motor could operate between
approximately 207 to 253 volts. At these extremes, no motor will run at its peak
performance, however it will withstand these conditions.

Full load amps is the amperage the motor requires to run at rated load and voltage.

(3) Rated Frequency is the frequency the motor is designed for represented by Hertz
(cycles per second). 60 Hertz power is used throughout the United States, Canada, and
other parts of the world while 50 Hertz is the standard in the rest of the world. Motors
can tolerate a frequency deviation of plus or minus 5%.

(4) RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) of a motor is the speed at which the motor will rotate
at rated voltage and frequency during full torque. This "full load" speed will normally
vary between 87% and 99% of synchronous speed depending on design. This is known as
slip.

Synchronous speed is the theoretical speed of a motor based on the rotating magnetic
field. This is determined by the following:

S =(120 x F)/P
S = speed in RPM
F = frequency in hertz
P = # of poles in motor

Or, if you know the number of poles in your motor, you can determine the speed by the
following chart:

# of
Poles Synchronous Speed Actual Speed
2 3600 3450
4 1800 1725

15
 6 1200 1140
8 900 850

(5) Insulation. Insulation is crucial in a motor. Insulation insulates its motor to withstand
the greatest temperature that occurs at the hottest point within the motor for as long as the
temperature normally exists. This is determined by, the ambient temperature, the heat
generated at fully loaded conditions (temperature rise), and the thermal capacity of the
motor insulation. These materials are classified as A, B, F, and H. The classes are based
on adding the ambient temperature and the operational heat created by the motor. They
are shown below.

Class 20,000 Hour Life Temperature

A 105°C
B 130°C
F 155°C
H 180°C

(6) Time rating. Unless otherwise noted motors will be rated for continuous duty. This
will be shown as "CONT" on the nameplate.

(7) Horsepower. Horsepower is determined by the output when the motor is loaded to
rated torque at rated speed. These are the standard NEMA ratings:

1 30 300 1250
1½ 40 350 1500
2 50 400 1750
3 60 450 2000
5 75 500 2250
7½ 100 600 2500
10 125 700 3000
15 150 800 3500
20 200 900 4000
25 250 1000

When application horsepower requirements fall between two standardized values, the
larger size is usually chosen.

The work capacity of a horse was used to define the power of an electric motor. It was
determined that a horse could lift 1000 pounds, 33', in one minute. It is the amount of
work done in a given amount of time. The formula is:

HP = (Foot #s Per Minute) \ 33,000 -or- HP= (Foot #s per second) \ 550

Torque is the turning or twisting force supplied by a drive to the load, measured in inch
pounds or foot-pounds. Torque and horsepower are related as shown:

16
 HP=(Torque X Speed)/Constant

If Torque is given in Ft. Lbs, the constant is 5252

If Torque is given in In. Lbs the constant is 63,025

(8) Locked Rotor Indicating Code Letter. When a motor is started, a large 'inrush' of
current is required in order to get a good start. This current is greater than the full load
running current. This inrush has been standardized and defined by a series of code letters
which group motors based on the amount of inrush in terms of kilovolt amperes. The
code letter defines low and high voltage inrush values on dual voltage motors. Code
Table 430.7(B).

Code KVA/HP Approx. Mid-Range Value

A 0.00-3.14 1.6
B 3.15-3.54 3.3
C 3.55-3.99 3.8
D 4.00-4.49 4.3
E 4.50-4.99 4.7
F 5.00-5.59 5.3
G 5.60-6.29 5.9
H 6.30-7.09 6.7
J 7.10-7.99 7.5
K 8.00-8.99 8.5
L 9.00-9.99 9.5
M 10.00-11.99 10.6
N 11.20-12.49 11.8
P 12.50-13.99 13.2
R 14.00-15.99 15.0

Using this chart and the job voltage, you can calculate the across the line starting inrush
by using the following:

200 Volts LRA = Code letter value x HP x 2.9

230 Volts LRA = Code letter valve x HP x 2.5
460 Volts LRA = Code letter value x HP x 1.25

(9) NEMA Design Letter. Changes in motor windings and rotor design will alter the
performance characteristics of induction motors. To obtain uniformity in application,
NEMA has designated specific designs of general purpose motors having specified
locked rotor torque, breakdown torque, slip, starting current, or other values. NEMA
design letters are A, B, C, and D.

17
 NEMA Design A motors have normal starting torques, but high starting currents. This is
useful for applications with brief heavy overloads. Injection molding machines are a good
application for this type of motor.

NEMA Design B motors are the most common. They feature normal starting torque
combined with a low starting current. These motors have sufficient locked rotor torques
to start a wide variety of industrial applications.

NEMA Design C motors have high starting torques with low starting currents. They are
designed for starting heavy loads due to their high locked rotor torques and high full load
slip.

NEMA Design D motors have high starting torque and low starting current, however
they feature high slip. This reduces power peaks in the event that peak power is
encountered, motor slip will increase.

DESIGN A, B, C, D - for AC MOTORS

NEMA has standard NEMA motor designs of various torque characteristics to meet the
various requirements posed by different application loads. The design "B" is the most
common design. (See chart for characteristics of each design.)

NEMA STARTING STARTING BREAK-DOWN FULL

DESIGN TORQUE CURRENT TORQUE LOAD SLIP
A Normal High High Low
Mach. Tools, Fans
B Normal Normal Normal Normal
Same as Design "A"
C High Normal Low Normal
Loaded compressor
Loaded conveyor
D Very high Low ------- High
High Punch Press

(10) marking for Thermal protection if integral with motor. TP

(11) Marking for impedance protection if present or not.

Other items which can be on the nameplate:

Motor Service Factor (SF) is a factor that when multiplied by horsepower, gives us the
allowable horsepower loading, which may be carried under the conditions specified for
the service factor at rated voltage and frequency. This is practical as it gives you some
'fudge' in estimating horsepower needs and actual running horsepower requirements. It
also allows for cooler winding temperatures at rated load, protects against intermittent
heat rises, and helps to offset low or unbalanced line voltages.

18
 SERVICE FACTOR
When used on a motor nameplate, a number which indicates how much above the
nameplate rating a motor can be loaded without causing serious degradation, (i.e., a 1.15
S-F can produce15% greater torque than the 1.0 S-F rating of the same motor).

The drawbacks to running in the service factor area is that it will reduce motor speed
and efficiency & increase motor temperature. This in turn effects the overall life span of
the motor. It is for this reason that you should not run in the SF range continuously.
Service factors were established for operations at rated voltage, frequency, ambient and
sea level conditions.

Efficiency. Efficiency is the ratio of the power output divided by the power input. The
efficiency is reduced by any form of heat, including friction, stator winding loss, rotor
loss, core loss (hysteresis and eddy current), etc.

Frame Size. Motor frame size have been standardized with a uniform frame size
numbering system. This system was developed by NEMA and specific frame sizes have
been assigned to standard motor ratings based on enclosure, horsepower and speed.

Enclosure Type. Motors are typically supplied in open drip-proof (ODP), totally
enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), explosion proof (EXP) are a few of the types.

ODG - Open Drip-Proof, Guarded

ODG-FV - Open Drip-Proof, Force Ventilated
ODG-SV - Open Drip-Proof, Separately Ventilated
ODP - Open Drip-Proof
HP - Vertical P-Base, Normal Thrust
LP - Vertical P-base, Medium Thrust, Extended Thrust
Prot. - Protected
TEAO - Totally-Enclosed, Air-Over
TEBC - Totally-Enclosed, Blower-Cooled
TECACA - Totally-Enclosed, Closed Circuit,, Air to Air
TEDC-A/A - Totally-Enclosed, Dual Cooled, Air to Air
TEDC-A/W - Totally-Enclosed, Dual Cooled, Air to Water
TEFC - Totally-Enclosed, Fan-Cooled
TENV - Totally-Enclosed Non-Ventilated
TETC - Totally-Enclosed, Tube Cooled
TEWAC - Totally-Enclosed, Water/Air Cooled
TEXP - Totally-Enclosed, Explosion-Proof
IP-22 - Open Drip-Proof
IP-44 - Totally-Enclosed
IP-54 - Splash Proof
IP-55 - Washdown
WPI - Weather Protected, Type I
WPII - Weather Protected Type II
XE - Premium Efficient

19
 XL - Extra Life
XP - Explosion-Proof
XT - Extra Tough

Manufacturer's Identification Numbers. The model, date, & serial number are supplied
to aid in identification.

Bearing Part Numbers. The bearing part numbers are included if replacement bearings
need to be obtained.

Connection Diagrams. This diagram is to aid a qualified electrician in the wiring of a

motor.

Slide 078-04-52:
This is another item which can be on a
nameplate is important for overload sizing.

Slide 078-04-53:
self expanatory.

Slide 078-04-54:

20
Slide 078-04-55:
Self explanatory.

Slide 078-04-56:
Article 430 Part III Motor and branch-circuit
overload protection – 430.31 General
Discussion on the requirements for motor and
branch-circuit overload protection.

Slide 078-04-57:

Slide 078-04-58:

21
Slide 078-04-59:
Article 430 – 430.37 Devices other than fuses,
Table 430.37 Overload Units.
Discussion on the motor overload requirement.
If the exception is met then it is not a violation.

Slide 078-04-60:
Article 430 Part IV Motor Branch-Circuit Short
Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection
- 430.52 Rating or setting for individual motor
circuits.
General discussion on the requirements for Part IV.
Note that Table 430.52 used to be Table 430-152,
but was relocated in the 2002 code.

Slide 078-04-61:
shows Table 430.52 without the notes.

Slide 078-04-62:
the reason for the 250% inverse time breaker or the
large 800% instantaneous breaker setting is due to
this.

22
Slide 078-04-63:
Article 430 – 430.52(C)(1) Exception 1 rating or
setting with Table.
Making sure they understand the sizing of the
branch-circuit protection. In this example 11 amps
x 2.5 = 27 amps. Could pick 25 amp breaker or 30
amp breaker is using exception1

Slide 078-04-64:
Article 430
Making sure they understand that the breaker
doesn’t have to be sized to protect the conductors.
It is the combination of the two – branch circuit
short-circuit and overload protection, which protect
the conductors.

Slide 078-04-65:
Article 430 – 430.52(C)(3) Instantaneous trip
circuit breaker TRICK QUESTION
Example to show that an instantaneous breaker has
to be part of a controller assembly such as that used
in a motor control center. 11 x 8 = 88 amps. so the
rating of 80 amps is okay, could have used 90
amps, but the breaker must be part of a listed
combination motor controller

23
Slide 078-04-66:
this typically will only work for smaller motors.

Slide 078-04-67:
this would be found in a motor control center.
430.52 is the table for fuse and circuit breaker sizing
430.24 sizing conductor for several motors: 1.25 x largest
plus fla other motors and fla other loads. Important expection
2 allows table to be ignored and go to a higher rating

Slide 078-04-68:

Slide 078-04-69:
this is called a ladder diagram for a control circuit
or an elementary diagram.

24
 Slide 078-04-70:
this is a wiring diagram.

Slide 078-04-71:
Article 430 Part VI Motor Control Circuits –
430.72(B)(1) Overcurrent Protection & Table
430.72(B)
Example shows overcurrent protection in each
power phase conductor is required. Reason is using
430.72(B)(2), for conductors extending beyound
the enclosure it directs to see Table 430.72(B)
column C. We have #14 which indicates that the
breaker has to be 45 amps or less to work with 14
AWG and since the example shows 70 amps, one had to use Column A in the table which
is separate protection. 310.15 which directs to see 240.4(D) which indicates 15 amp
circuit breaker for #14 wire.

Slide 078-04-72:
Article 430 - Split-phase Motor.
Split-phase motor is an induction motor.
An induction motor like a squirrel cage
motor operates on the same basic
principle has a transformer where you
have a primary and a secondary winding.
A split-phase motor requires an
additional winding called a starting
winding on the stator. The starting
winding has a higher resistance than the running winding. The difference in resistance
creates a phase displacement between the two windings. Hence the name split-phase.
Displacement is around 18 to 30 degrees in time. Splitting the phases provides enough
torque to start the motor. When the rotor starts spinning (turning) and comes up to
running speed (around 75%-80% of synchoronus speed), a centrifugal switch placed in
the circuit of the starting winding opens up. The motor will then operate on the running
winding.

25
 Slide 078-04-73:
Article 430 - Capacitor Motor
Capacitor Motor: A single-phase induction motor with a
main winding arranged for direct connection to the power
source, and auxiliary winding connected in series with a
capacitor. There are three types of capacitor motors: capacitor
start, in which the capacitor phase is in the circuit only during
starting (It has a high starting torque and is widely used
typically up to 7-1/2 hp) , permanent-split capacitor, which
has the same capacitor and capacitor phase in the circuit for
both starting and running (High torque, low run curent); two-value capacitor motor, in
which there are different values of capacitance for starting and running. for the

CAPACITOR START
The capacitor start single phase motor is basically the same as the split phase start,
except that it has a capacitor in series with the starting winding. The addition of the
capacitor provides a more ideal phase relation and results in greater starting torque with
much less power input. As in the case of the split phase motor, this type can be reversed
at rest, but not while running unless special starting and reversing switches are used.
When properly equipped for reversing while running, the motor is much more suitable for
this service than the split phase start as it provides greater reversing ability at less watts
input.

Slide 078-04-74:
Article 430 – Synchronous Motor
Synchronous Motor. This is a motor designed to run
a specific speed. Two basic types: nonexcited and
direct current excited. The DC excited type requires
a DC source to excite the field. The DC current of
the rotor field interacts with the stator AC current to
produce torque required to turn the rotor at
synchronus speed.

26
 Slide 078-04-75:
Article 430 – Induction Motors
Induction Motors. Cage rotor is the most common.
Usually referred to squirrel cage motors. The
wound-rotor motor and three-phase motors that
operate basically the same a squirrel cage motors.
The only difference between the two is that the
wound-rotor has two sets of leads extending from
the controller and a bank of resistors to slip rings
that are connected to the rotor. As the amount of
resistance in the circuit varies, so does the speed of the motor. The greater the resistance
in the rotor, the slower the rotor will run. The resistor banks may be separate from the
motor or they may be incorporated in the controller.

Slide 078-04-76:
Homework is due tomorrow morning.

27