CHEM SPM Chap 4 Notes
CHEM SPM Chap 4 Notes
CHEM SPM Chap 4 Notes
o Type of substances :
Group Type of substances
1,2 and 13 metals
3 to 12 ( transition elements ) metals
14, 15, 16, 17, 18 non-metals
Example :
Sodium element has a proton number of 11 1 valence electron means
that sodium is in Group 1.
The electron arrangement of a sodium atom = 2.8.1
o Chemical properties
Chemical properties Chemical equations
Reacts with water to produce alkaline metal hydroxide 2 X + 2 H2O 2 XOH + H2
solutions and hydrogen gas.
Burns in oxygen gas to produce white solid metal oxides. 4 X + O2 2 X2O
Burns in chlorine gas to form white solid metal chloride. 2 X + Cl2 2 XCl
o Chemical properties
Chemical properties Chemical equations
Reacts with water to produce two acids X2 + H2O ⇔ HX + HOX
Reacts with hot iron to form a brown solid, iron (III) 3 X2 + 2 Fe 2 FeX3
halides
Reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH to form X2 + 2NaOH NaX + NaOX + H2O
sodium halide, sodium halite (I) and water.
X = halogen ( F, Cl, Br, I, At)
4.7 Period 3 ( Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar )
o Changes of properties across Period 3.
Properties Changes Explanations
Atomic size decreases Because across Period 3
i. All the atoms of elements have 3 shells occupied with electrons.
ii. Proton number increases by one unit from one element to the next element
causes the positive charge of the nucleus to increase.
iii. Nuclei attraction on the electrons of the first 3 shells increases causes the
atomic size to decrease.