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4 Group 17 Elements Updated

The document summarizes the properties of group 17 elements (halogens) in the periodic table. It discusses their physical and chemical properties, including trends in reactivity down the group. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules, have 7 valence electrons, and their melting and boiling points increase down the group due to increasing molecular size. Chemically, they react with water, metals and alkalis to form acidic solutions and metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of electrons by the nucleus down the group. Safety precautions are needed when handling halogens due to their poisonous vapors.

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720 views8 pages

4 Group 17 Elements Updated

The document summarizes the properties of group 17 elements (halogens) in the periodic table. It discusses their physical and chemical properties, including trends in reactivity down the group. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules, have 7 valence electrons, and their melting and boiling points increase down the group due to increasing molecular size. Chemically, they react with water, metals and alkalis to form acidic solutions and metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of electrons by the nucleus down the group. Safety precautions are needed when handling halogens due to their poisonous vapors.

Uploaded by

angie0812
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JOM KIMIA A1

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS


D. GROUP 17 ELEMENTS

GROUP 17

http://periodictable.com/

1. The group 17 elements are:

Flourine 2.7

Chlorine 2.8.7

Bromine 2.8.18.7

Iodine 2.8.18.18.7

Astatine 2.8.18.32.18.7

2. Group 17 elements are known as halogens

3. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.

4. Halogens have seven valence electrons.


JOM KIMIA A1

Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements

1. All Group 17 elements are non-metals.

Physical
Boiling
Proton state at Melting
Element Symbol Colour point
Number room point
temperature

Flourine F 9 Gas Pale yellow


Greenish-
Chlorine Cl 17 Gas
yellow Increase Increase
Reddish-
Bromine Br 35 Liquid
brown
Purplish-
Iodine I 53 Solid
black

2. Halogen have low melting and boiling points because


their molecules are attracted to each other by weak
forces. Less energy is needed to overcome the forces .

3. When going down the group, the melting and boiling


points increases. This is because the molecular size
increases.

Diagram:

Cl2
Cl2
van der
Waals
forces
Cl2 Cl2
JOM KIMIA A1

What is physical
state of astatine?

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements


1. Group 17 elements react with water, metal and alkali.

a) Halogen react with water Practical book Carry out an


experiment 4.2 page 39
to form 2 acids
HW: Draw diagram and answer
In general: the question

X2 + H2O HX + HOX ; X is halogen

HX and HOX solutions are acidic. HOX solution exhibits


bleaching properties.

Example:

Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl


Chlorine Water Hydrochloric Hypochlorus
acid acid

Br2 + H2O HBr + HOBr


Bromine Water Hydrobromic Hypobromus
acid acid

I2 + H2O HI + HOI
Iodine Water Hydrobromic Hypoiodus
acid acid
JOM KIMIA A1

b) Halogens in gaseous state react with hot iron

 To form a brown solid , iron(III) halides.

In general:

2Fe + 3X2  2FeX3 ; X is halogen

Example :

2Fe + 3Br2  2FeBr3


Iron Bromine Iron(III) bromide

2Fe + 3Cl2  2FeCl3


Iron Chlorine Iron(III) chloride

2Fe + 3I2  2FeI3


Iron Iodine Iron(III) iodide

c) Halogens react with sodium hydroxide solution , NaOH.

 To form sodium halide, sodium halate and water

 The halogens are decolourised during these


reaction.

In general:
X2 + NaOH  NaX + NaOX + H 2O

[X is halogen]

Example:

2 NaOH + I2 NaI + NaOI + H2O


JOM KIMIA A1

Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements

Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine have similar


chemical properties but differ in reactivity.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element

Elelctronegativity of an element refers to the measurement


of the strength of an atom in its molecule to attract electrons
towards its nucleus.
WHY they have similar chemical properties???

• Halogens have 7 valence electrons.

• When halogens take part in chemical reactions, their


atom always gain one electron to achieve a stable octet
electron arrangement.

The Reactivity of Halogens decrease down the group.


Do You Know WHY???
The explanation ……

a) The atomic size increases down the group.

b) The distance of the outermost shell becomes


further from the nucleus.

c) The force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons


of the outermost shell decrease.

d) The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to


JOM KIMIA A1

achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease


Safety Precautions in handling Group 17 elements

1. The vapour of Flourine, Chlorine and Bromine are


poisonous.

2. The following precaution should be taken when


handling halogen:

a) Halogen gas and liquid should be handled inside a


fume chamber

b) Wear safety goggles when handling halogen


fumes.

c) Wear safety gloves when handling halogen


materials.

Do It Yourself

Element X Y Z
Proton number 9 17 35

1. Elements X, Y and Z are same group in the periodic


table.

a. What is the valence electron of the elements X,Y and


Z?

seven(7)

b. Which group in the periodic table can you find the


elements X,Y and Z?
JOM KIMIA A1

group 17

c. Element Y can react with water. What are the


properties of the solution produced?

Acidic and bleaching properties

d. Write an equation for the reaction between element Z


and hot iron.

2Fe + 3Z2  2FeZ3

3. List all halogen elements from the top to the bottom of


group 17.

Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine

4. Which are the most reactive and least reactive


halogen?

Most reactive: Flourine least reactive : Astatine

4. Write the chemical equations for the following reaction:


a) Chlorine with water

Cl2 + H2O  HCl + HOCl

b) bromine with iron

2 Fe + 3Br2  2FeBr3

c) iodine with sodium hydroxide

2 NaOH + I2  NaI + NaOI + H2 O


JOM KIMIA A1

5. Explain the changes to the reactivity of halogens when


going down group 17.

The atomic size of halogen increases down the group.

The distance of the outermost shell becomes further


from the nucleus.

Therefore, the force of attraction of the nucleus on the


electrons of the outermost shell
decrease.

The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to


achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease. This
causes the reactivity to decrease down the group.

Kamal. A.
http://kemhawk.webs.com

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